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    Clay Johnston, MD, PhD

    TitleProfessor
    SchoolUCSF School of Medicine
    DepartmentNeurology
    Address185 Berry Street
    San Francisco CA 94107
    Phone415-379-0787
    Emailclay.johnston@ucsfmedctr.org
      Other Positions
      TitleAssociate Vice Chancellor of Research; Director Clinical and Translational Science Institute


       Biography 
       Awards and Honors
      American Heart Association2008William Feinberg Award for Excellence in Clinical Stroke
      American Heart Association2007Fellow
      Stroke Society of Australasia2007Honorary Lifetime Member
      University of Pennsylvania2006Eric Corey Raps Memorial Lectureship, Dept. of Neurology
      UCSF Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics/Kaiser Research Div./California Pacific Medical Ctr2005Bay Area Clnical Research Mentor of the Year
      University of California, Berkeley2001Winkelstein Epidemiology Prize, Outstanding Contributions to the Field
      American Academy of Neurology2001Pessin Stroke Leadership Prize
      American Heart Association 2000Siekert New Investigator Award in Stroke
      National Stroke Association1998Research Fellow
      University of California, San Francisco1996Kaiser and Regents Fellowships for Promise in Public Health
      University of California, San Francisco1995Resident Teaching Award, Medical Student Class of 1995
      University of California, San Francisco1995Chief Resident in Neurology

       Overview 
       Overview
      S. Claiborne Johnston, MD, PhD is the Director of the Stroke Service at the University of California, San Francisco, where he is Professor of Neurology and Epidemiology and Director of the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI). He received his undergraduate education at Amherst College and completed medical school at Harvard University. He received a PhD in epidemiology from the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Johnston has published extensively in the prevention and treatment of stroke and transient ischemic attack. He is perhaps best known for his studies describing the short-term risk of stroke in patients with transient ischemic attack and identifying patients at greatest risk, and also for his work related to measuring the impact of research. He has led several large cohort studies of cerebrovascular disease and two multicenter randomized trials. Dr. Johnston is the Executive Vice Editor of the Annals of Neurology and has served on the editorial boards of several other journals. He has been honored previously with the American Academy of Neurology’s Pessin Prize for Stroke Leadership, the American Stroke Association’s Siekert New Investigator Award and the Feinberg Award for Clinical Stroke Excellence.

       Interests
      Implementation Science, Older adults, Persons with physical disability, Clinic, Hospital, Decision aids, Practice guidelines, mHealth, Social media, stroke, transient ischemic attack, Interdisciplinary research collaboration, Implementation & dissemination science listservs


       Bibliographic 
       Publications
      Publications by year:
      Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
      1. Hills NK, Johnston SC, Sidney S, Zielinski BA, Fullerton HJ. Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol. 2012 Dec; 72(6):850-8.
        View in: PubMed
      2. Kamel H, Navi BB, Elijovich L, Josephson SA, Yee AH, Fung G, Johnston SC, Smith WS. Pilot randomized trial of outpatient cardiac monitoring after cryptogenic stroke. Stroke. 2013 Feb; 44(2):528-30.
        View in: PubMed
      3. Kim AS, Poisson SN, Easton JD, Johnston SC. A cross-sectional study of individuals seeking information on transient ischemic attack and stroke symptoms online: a target for intervention? PLoS One. 2012; 7(10):e47997.
        View in: PubMed
      4. Navi BB, Kamel H, Shah MP, Grossman AW, Wong C, Poisson SN, Whetstone WD, Josephson SA, Johnston SC, Kim AS. Rate and predictors of serious neurologic causes of dizziness in the emergency department. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Nov; 87(11):1080-8.
        View in: PubMed
      5. Fox CK, Johnston SC, Sidney S, Fullerton HJ. High critical care usage due to pediatric stroke: results of a population-based study. Neurology. 2012 Jul 31; 79(5):420-7.
        View in: PubMed
      6. Flint AC, Kamel H, Navi BB, Rao VA, Faigeles BS, Conell C, Klingman JG, Hills NK, Nguyen-Huynh M, Cullen SP, Sidney S, Johnston SC. Inpatient statin use predicts improved ischemic stroke discharge disposition. Neurology. 2012 May 22; 78(21):1678-83.
        View in: PubMed
      7. Navi BB, Kamel H, Shah MP, Grossman AW, Wong C, Poisson SN, Whetstone WD, Josephson SA, Johnston SC, Kim AS. Application of the ABCD2 score to identify cerebrovascular causes of dizziness in the emergency department. Stroke. 2012 Jun; 43(6):1484-9.
        View in: PubMed
      8. Navi BB, Kamel H, McCulloch CE, Nakagawa K, Naravetla B, Moheet AM, Wong C, Johnston SC, Hemphill JC, Smith WS. Accuracy of neurovascular fellows' prognostication of outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2012 Mar; 43(3):702-7.
        View in: PubMed
      9. Flint AC, Kamel H, Navi BB, Rao VA, Faigeles BS, Conell C, Klingman JG, Sidney S, Hills NK, Sorel M, Cullen SP, Johnston SC. Statin use during ischemic stroke hospitalization is strongly associated with improved poststroke survival. Stroke. 2012 Jan; 43(1):147-54.
        View in: PubMed
      10. Navi BB, Kamel H, Sidney S, Klingman JG, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC. Validation of the Stroke Prognostic Instrument-II in a large, modern, community-based cohort of ischemic stroke survivors. Stroke. 2011 Dec; 42(12):3392-6.
        View in: PubMed
      11. Kamel H, Dhaliwal G, Navi BB, Pease AR, Shah M, Dhand A, Johnston SC, Josephson SA. A randomized trial of hypothesis-driven vs screening neurologic examination. Neurology. 2011 Oct 4; 77(14):1395-400.
        View in: PubMed
      12. Govindarajan P, Desouza NT, Pierog J, Ghilarducci D, Johnston SC. Feasibility study to assess the use of the Cincinnati stroke scale by emergency medical dispatchers: a pilot study. Emerg Med J. 2012 Oct; 29(10):848-50.
        View in: PubMed
      13. Poisson S, Johnston SC. Prevention of stroke following transient ischemic attack. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2011 Aug; 13(4):330-7.
        View in: PubMed
      14. Jickling GC, Stamova B, Ander BP, Zhan X, Tian Y, Liu D, Xu H, Johnston SC, Verro P, Sharp FR. Profiles of lacunar and nonlacunar stroke. Ann Neurol. 2011 Sep; 70(3):477-85.
        View in: PubMed
      15. Kim AS, Johnston SC. Global variation in the relative burden of stroke and ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 2011 Jul 19; 124(3):314-23.
        View in: PubMed
      16. Kim AS, Nguyen-Huynh M, Johnston SC. A cost-utility analysis of mechanical thrombectomy as an adjunct to intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator for acute large-vessel ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2011 Jul; 42(7):2013-8.
        View in: PubMed
      17. Kim AS, Sidney S, Klingman JG, Johnston SC. Practice variation in neuroimaging to evaluate dizziness in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Jun; 30(5):665-72.
        View in: PubMed
      18. Kamel H, Johnson DR, Hegde M, Go AS, Sidney S, Sorel M, Hills NK, Johnston SC. Detection of atrial fibrillation after stroke and the risk of recurrent stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012 Nov; 21(8):726-31.
        View in: PubMed
      19. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. The NIH shuffle, NCATS, and neurology. Ann Neurol. 2011 May; 69(5):A9-10.
        View in: PubMed
      20. Johnston SC, Hauser SL, Desmond-Hellmann S. Enhancing ties between academia and industry to improve health. Nat Med. 2011 Apr; 17(4):434-6.
        View in: PubMed
      21. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Ann Neurol. 2011 Apr; 69(4):A9-A10.
        View in: PubMed
      22. Weber M, Bhatt DL, Brennan DM, Hankey GJ, Steinhubl SR, Johnston SC, Montalescot G, Mak KH, Fox KA, Easton DJ, Topol EJ, Hamm CW. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and clopidogrel treatment in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events: a substudy from the CHARISMA trial. Heart. 2011 Apr; 97(8):626-31.
        View in: PubMed
      23. Johnston SC, Albers GW, Gorelick PB, Cumbler E, Klingman J, Ross MA, Briggs M, Carlton J, Sloan EP, Vaince U. National Stroke Association recommendations for systems of care for transient ischemic attack. Ann Neurol. 2011 May; 69(5):872-7.
        View in: PubMed
      24. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Scientific literacy and the media. Ann Neurol. 2011 Mar; 69(3):A9-10.
        View in: PubMed
      25. Gillum LA, Gouveia C, Dorsey ER, Pletcher M, Mathers CD, McCulloch CE, Johnston SC. NIH disease funding levels and burden of disease. PLoS One. 2011; 6(2):e16837.
        View in: PubMed
      26. Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Easton JD, Hacke W, Mas JL, Brennan D, Mak KH, Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Topol EJ. Effect of clopidogrel plus ASA vs. ASA early after TIA and ischaemic stroke: a substudy of the CHARISMA trial. Int J Stroke. 2011 Feb; 6(1):3-9.
        View in: PubMed
      27. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC. Is mechanical clot removal or disruption a cost-effective treatment for acute stroke? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Feb; 32(2):244-9.
        View in: PubMed
      28. Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, Finkelstein EA, Hong Y, Johnston SC, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones DM, Nelson SA, Nichol G, Orenstein D, Wilson PW, Woo YJ. Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011 Mar 1; 123(8):933-44.
        View in: PubMed
      29. Leifer D, Bravata DM, Connors JJ, Hinchey JA, Jauch EC, Johnston SC, Latchaw R, Likosky W, Ogilvy C, Qureshi AI, Summers D, Sung GY, Williams LS, Zorowitz R. Metrics for measuring quality of care in comprehensive stroke centers: detailed follow-up to Brain Attack Coalition comprehensive stroke center recommendations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011 Mar; 42(3):849-77.
        View in: PubMed
      30. Poisson SN, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC, Furie KL, Lev MH, Smith WS. Intracranial large vessel occlusion as a predictor of decline in functional status after transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2011 Jan; 42(1):44-7.
        View in: PubMed
      31. Wu YW, Pham TN, Danielsen B, Towner D, Smith L, Johnston SC. Nighttime delivery and risk of neonatal encephalopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jan; 204(1):37.e1-6.
        View in: PubMed
      32. Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, Albers GW, Bush RL, Fagan SC, Halperin JL, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kernan WN, Mitchell PH, Ovbiagele B, Palesch YY, Sacco RL, Schwamm LH, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Turan TN, Wentworth D. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association. Stroke. 2011 Jan; 42(1):227-76.
        View in: PubMed
      33. Xu H, Stamova B, Jickling G, Tian Y, Zhan X, Ander BP, Liu D, Turner R, Rosand J, Goldstein LB, Furie KL, Verro P, Johnston SC, Sharp FR, Decarli CS. Distinctive RNA expression profiles in blood associated with white matter hyperintensities in brain. Stroke. 2010 Dec; 41(12):2744-9.
        View in: PubMed
      34. Johnston SC. The economic case for new stroke thrombolytics. Stroke. 2010 Oct; 41(10 Suppl):S59-62.
        View in: PubMed
      35. Josephson SA, Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Malignant middle cerebral artery stroke: Where ischemia meets the scalpel. Ann Neurol. 2010 Oct; 68(4):A6-8.
        View in: PubMed
      36. Kim AS, Fullerton HJ, Johnston SC. Risk of vascular events in emergency department patients discharged home with diagnosis of dizziness or vertigo. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 Jan; 57(1):34-41.
        View in: PubMed
      37. Wang Y, Johnston SC. Rationale and design of a randomized, double-blind trial comparing the effects of a 3-month clopidogrel-aspirin regimen versus aspirin alone for the treatment of high-risk patients with acute nondisabling cerebrovascular event. Am Heart J. 2010 Sep; 160(3):380-386.e1.
        View in: PubMed
      38. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Fred Plum (1924-2010) and the founding of the Annals of Neurology. Ann Neurol. 2010 Sep; 68(3):A5-7.
        View in: PubMed
      39. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. The challenge of publishing newsworthy epidemiology. Ann Neurol. 2010 Aug; 68(2):A8-10.
        View in: PubMed
      40. Poisson SN, Johnston SC, Sidney S, Klingman JG, Nguyen-Huynh MN. Gender differences in treatment of severe carotid stenosis after transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2010 Sep; 41(9):1891-5.
        View in: PubMed
      41. Giles MF, Albers GW, Amarenco P, Arsava MM, Asimos A, Ay H, Calvet D, Coutts S, Cucchiara BL, Demchuk AM, Johnston SC, Kelly PJ, Kim AS, Labreuche J, Lavallee PC, Mas JL, Merwick A, Olivot JM, Purroy F, Rosamond WD, Sciolla R, Rothwell PM. Addition of brain infarction to the ABCD2 Score (ABCD2I): a collaborative analysis of unpublished data on 4574 patients. Stroke. 2010 Sep; 41(9):1907-13.
        View in: PubMed
      42. Hankey GJ, Hacke W, Easton JD, Johnston SC, Mas JL, Brennan DM, Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Topol EJ. Effect of clopidogrel on the rate and functional severity of stroke among high vascular risk patients: a prespecified substudy of the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. Stroke. 2010 Aug; 41(8):1679-83.
        View in: PubMed
      43. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. 4-aminopyridine: new life for an old drug. Ann Neurol. 2010 Jul; 68(1):A8-9.
        View in: PubMed
      44. Atik B, Johnston SC, Dean D. Association of carotid plaque Lp-PLA(2) with macrophages and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection among patients at risk for stroke. PLoS One. 2010; 5(6):e11026.
        View in: PubMed
      45. Kamel H, Hegde M, Johnson DR, Gage BF, Johnston SC. Cost-effectiveness of outpatient cardiac monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2010 Jul; 41(7):1514-20.
        View in: PubMed
      46. Kim H, McCulloch CE, Johnston SC, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Young WL. Comparison of 2 approaches for determining the natural history risk of brain arteriovenous malformation rupture. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Jun 15; 171(12):1317-22.
        View in: PubMed
      47. Johnston SC, Sidney S, Hills NK, Grosvenor D, Klingman JG, Bernstein A, Levin E. Standardized discharge orders after stroke: results of the quality improvement in stroke prevention (QUISP) cluster randomized trial. Ann Neurol. 2010 May; 67(5):579-89.
        View in: PubMed
      48. Kim AS, Sidney S, Bernstein AL, Douglas VC, Johnston SC. Urgent neurology consultation from the ED for transient ischemic attack. Am J Emerg Med. 2011 Jul; 29(6):601-8.
        View in: PubMed
      49. Hauser SL, Johnston SC, Stewart AF. Neuroreconciliation and the health care debate. Ann Neurol. 2010 Apr; 67(4):A5-8.
        View in: PubMed
      50. Poisson SN, Johnston SC, Josephson SA. Urinary tract infections complicating stroke: mechanisms, consequences, and possible solutions. Stroke. 2010 Apr; 41(4):e180-4.
        View in: PubMed
      51. Hauser SL, Lowenstein DH, Johnston SC. Getting youth in the game: can we accelerate training for clinician-scientists? Ann Neurol. 2010 Feb; 67(2):A5-6.
        View in: PubMed
      52. Gardner MA, Hills NK, Sidney S, Johnston SC, Fullerton HJ. The 5-year direct medical cost of neonatal and childhood stroke in a population-based cohort. Neurology. 2010 Feb 2; 74(5):372-8.
        View in: PubMed
      53. Hauser SL, Johnston SC, Ferriero DM, Lowenstein DH, Josephson SA, Messing RO, Oksenberg JR, Stewart AF. Status report: the Annals in 2010. Ann Neurol. 2010 Jan; 67(1):A5-12.
        View in: PubMed
      54. Qureshi AI, Feldmann E, Gomez CR, Johnston SC, Kasner SE, Quick DC, Rasmussen PA, Suri MF, Taylor RA, Zaidat OO. Intracranial atherosclerotic disease: an update. Ann Neurol. 2009 Dec; 66(6):730-8.
        View in: PubMed
      55. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Research trainees in the clinical neurosciences: still a shallow pool. Ann Neurol. 2009 Dec; 66(6):A4-5.
        View in: PubMed
      56. Gabriel RA, Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Singh V, Johnston SC, Ko NU, Achrol AS, Zaroff JG, Young WL. Ten-year detection rate of brain arteriovenous malformations in a large, multiethnic, defined population. Stroke. 2010 Jan; 41(1):21-6.
        View in: PubMed
      57. Kamel H, Lees KR, Lyden PD, Teal PA, Shuaib A, Ali M, Johnston SC. Delayed detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009 Nov-Dec; 18(6):453-7.
        View in: PubMed
      58. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. IOM task impossible: set the agenda for neurological comparative effectiveness research. Ann Neurol. 2009 Nov; 66(5):A4-6.
        View in: PubMed
      59. Smith WS, Lev MH, English JD, Camargo EC, Chou M, Johnston SC, Gonzalez G, Schaefer PW, Dillon WP, Koroshetz WJ, Furie KL. Significance of large vessel intracranial occlusion causing acute ischemic stroke and TIA. Stroke. 2009 Dec; 40(12):3834-40.
        View in: PubMed
      60. Qureshi AI, Feldmann E, Gomez CR, Johnston SC, Kasner SE, Quick DC, Rasmussen PA, Suri MF, Taylor RA, Zaidat OO. Consensus conference on intracranial atherosclerotic disease: rationale, methodology, and results. J Neuroimaging. 2009 Oct; 19 Suppl 1:1S-10S.
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      61. Suri MF, Johnston SC. Epidemiology of intracranial stenosis. J Neuroimaging. 2009 Oct; 19 Suppl 1:11S-6S.
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      62. Agrawal N, Johnston SC, Wu YW, Sidney S, Fullerton HJ. Imaging data reveal a higher pediatric stroke incidence than prior US estimates. Stroke. 2009 Nov; 40(11):3415-21.
        View in: PubMed
      63. Dorsey ER, Thompson JP, Carrasco M, de Roulet J, Vitticore P, Nicholson S, Johnston SC, Holloway RG, Moses H. Financing of U.S. biomedical research and new drug approvals across therapeutic areas. PLoS One. 2009; 4(9):e7015.
        View in: PubMed
      64. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Balancing risk and reward: the question of natalizumab. Ann Neurol. 2009 Sep; 66(3):A7-8.
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      65. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Disparities in care: guilty until proven innocent. Ann Neurol. 2009 Aug; 66(2):A7-8.
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      66. Elijovich L, Johnston SC. Intraprocedural rupture of aneurysms: not necessarily a small problem. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009 Oct; 30(9):E131; author reply E132.
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      67. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Journeys in complex genetics: music and mental illness. Ann Neurol. 2009 Jul; 66(1):A7-9.
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      68. Collet JP, Montalescot G, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Fox KA, Hu TF, Johnston SC, Hamm CW, Bhatt DL, Topol EJ. Clinical outcomes according to permanent discontinuation of clopidogrel or placebo in the CHARISMA trial. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Jun-Jul; 102(6-7):485-96.
        View in: PubMed
      69. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Crowdsourcing scientific innovation. Ann Neurol. 2009 Jun; 65(6):A7-8.
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      70. Easton JD, Saver JL, Albers GW, Alberts MJ, Chaturvedi S, Feldmann E, Hatsukami TS, Higashida RT, Johnston SC, Kidwell CS, Lutsep HL, Miller E, Sacco RL. Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this statement as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke. 2009 Jun; 40(6):2276-93.
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      71. Hauser SL, Stewart AF, Johnston SC. Message from the editor: on humility. Ann Neurol. 2009 May; 65(5):A7-8.
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      72. Dorsey ER, Thompson JP, Frasier M, Sherer T, Fiske B, Nicholson S, Johnston SC, Holloway RG, Moses H. Funding of Parkinson research from industry and US federal and foundation sources. Mov Disord. 2009 Apr 15; 24(5):731-7.
        View in: PubMed
      73. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Economic over-stimulation? Ann Neurol. 2009 Apr; 65(4):A7-8.
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      74. Johnston SC, Wallace DK, Freedman SF, Yanovitch TL, Zhao Z. Tortuosity of arterioles and venules in quantifying plus disease. J AAPOS. 2009 Apr; 13(2):181-5.
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      75. Hills NK, Josephson SA, Lyden PD, Johnston SC. Is the NIHSS certification process too lenient? Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009; 27(5):426-32.
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      76. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Personalized genetic scans: with gifts like these... Ann Neurol. 2009 Mar; 65(3):A7-9.
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      77. Armstrong-Wells J, Johnston SC, Wu YW, Sidney S, Fullerton HJ. Prevalence and predictors of perinatal hemorrhagic stroke: results from the kaiser pediatric stroke study. Pediatrics. 2009 Mar; 123(3):823-8.
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      78. Coull BM, Johnston SC. Statins: not just for the young or the faint of heart. Neurology. 2009 Feb 24; 72(8):684-5.
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      79. Johnston SC, Mendis S, Mathers CD. Global variation in stroke burden and mortality: estimates from monitoring, surveillance, and modelling. Lancet Neurol. 2009 Apr; 8(4):345-54.
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      80. Mak KH, Bhatt DL, Shao M, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Montalescot G, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Fox KA, Topol EJ. The influence of body mass index on mortality and bleeding among patients with or at high-risk of atherothrombotic disease. Eur Heart J. 2009 Apr; 30(7):857-65.
        View in: PubMed
      81. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Comparative effectiveness research in the neurosciences. Ann Neurol. 2009 Feb; 65(2):A6-8.
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      82. Ruff NL, Johnston SC. Identification, risks, and treatment of transient ischemic attack. Handb Clin Neurol. 2009; 93:453-73.
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      83. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Translational research for a new administration: what sort of change to believe in? Ann Neurol. 2008 Dec; 64(6):A5-6.
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      84. Jordan LC, Johnston SC, Wu YW, Sidney S, Fullerton HJ. The importance of cerebral aneurysms in childhood hemorrhagic stroke: a population-based study. Stroke. 2009 Feb; 40(2):400-5.
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      85. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Peer review at National Institutes of Health: small steps forward. Ann Neurol. 2008 Nov; 64(5):A15-7.
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      86. Ay H, Arsava EM, Johnston SC, Vangel M, Schwamm LH, Furie KL, Koroshetz WJ, Sorensen AG. Clinical- and imaging-based prediction of stroke risk after transient ischemic attack: the CIP model. Stroke. 2009 Jan; 40(1):181-6.
        View in: PubMed
      87. Eikelboom JW, Hankey GJ, Thom J, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Montalescot G, Johnston SC, Steinhubl SR, Mak KH, Easton JD, Hamm C, Hu T, Fox KA, Topol EJ. Incomplete inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis by acetylsalicylic acid: determinants and effect on cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2008 Oct 21; 118(17):1705-12.
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      88. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Scripts for science: a new wrinkle on academic ties with industry. Ann Neurol. 2008 Oct; 64(4):A13-5.
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      89. Johnston SC. The 2008 William M. Feinberg lecture: prioritizing stroke research. Stroke. 2008 Dec; 39(12):3431-6.
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      90. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Investigator balkanization. Ann Neurol. 2008 Sep; 64(3):A11-2.
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      91. Josephson SA, Sidney S, Pham TN, Bernstein AL, Johnston SC. Higher ABCD2 score predicts patients most likely to have true transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2008 Nov; 39(11):3096-8.
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      92. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. An election season prescription for healthcare. Ann Neurol. 2008 Aug; 64(2):A8-9.
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      93. Raymond J, Molyneux AJ, Fox AJ, Johnston SC, Collet JP, Rouleau I. The TEAM trial: safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the prevention of aneurysmal hemorrhages: a randomized comparison with indefinite deferral of treatment in 2002 patients followed for 10 years. Trials. 2008; 9:43.
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      94. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Neurological disease on the global agenda. Ann Neurol. 2008 Jul; 64(1):A11-2.
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      95. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. That vexing problem of compensation. Ann Neurol. 2008 Jun; 63(6):A11-2.
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      96. Gillum LA, Johnston SC. Influence of physician specialty on outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. J Hosp Med. 2008 May; 3(3):184-92.
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      97. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Transformative research. Ann Neurol. 2008 May; 63(5):A11-3.
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      98. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Electronic medical records: does it take a village or a thousand points of light? Ann Neurol. 2008 Apr; 63(4):A13-4.
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      99. Elijovich L, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Duckwiler G, Giannotta S, Johnston SC. Predictors and outcomes of intraprocedural rupture in patients treated for ruptured intracranial aneurysms: the CARAT study. Stroke. 2008 May; 39(5):1501-6.
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      100. Hills NK, Johnston SC. Trends in usage of alternative antiplatelet therapy after stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2008 Apr; 39(4):1228-32.
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      101. Adams RJ, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Sacco RL, Schwamm LH. Update to the AHA/ASA recommendations for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2008 May; 39(5):1647-52.
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      102. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Wintermark M, English J, Lam J, Vittinghoff E, Smith WS, Johnston SC. How accurate is CT angiography in evaluating intracranial atherosclerotic disease? Stroke. 2008 Apr; 39(4):1184-8.
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      103. Raymond J, Roy D, Weill A, Guilbert F, Nguyen T, Molyneux AJ, Fox AJ, Johnston SC, Cognard C, Pierot L, Meder JF, Rouleau I. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: their illusive natural history and why subgroup statistics cannot provide normative criteria for clinical decisions or selection criteria for a randomized trial. J Neuroradiol. 2008 Oct; 35(4):210-6.
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      104. Johnston SC. Transient neurological attack: a useful concept? JAMA. 2007 Dec 26; 298(24):2912-3.
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      105. Josephson SA, Sidney S, Pham TN, Bernstein AL, Johnston SC. Factors associated with the decision to hospitalize patients after transient ischemic attack before publication of prediction rules. Stroke. 2008 Feb; 39(2):411-3.
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      106. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Clinical trials: rising costs limit innovation. Ann Neurol. 2007 Dec; 62(6):A6-7.
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      107. Johnston SC, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Duckwiler GR, Gress DR. Predictors of rehemorrhage after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: the Cerebral Aneurysm Rerupture After Treatment (CARAT) study. Stroke. 2008 Jan; 39(1):120-5.
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      108. Johnston SC. Towards FASTER treatment of TIA and minor stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Nov; 6(11):941-3.
        View in: PubMed
      109. Achrol AS, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Trudy Poon KY, McCulloch CE, Ko NU, Johnston SC, McDermott MW, Zaroff JG, Lawton MT, Kwok PY, Young WL. Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238G>A and apolipoprotein E2 polymorphisms with intracranial hemorrhage after brain arteriovenous malformation treatment. Neurosurgery. 2007 Oct; 61(4):731-9; discussion 740.
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      110. Johnston SC. Short-term prognosis after a TIA: a simple score predicts risk. Cleve Clin J Med. 2007 Oct; 74(10):729-36.
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      111. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. The upcoming meeting of the ANA. Ann Neurol. 2007 Sep; 62(3):A11.
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      112. Fullerton HJ, Wu YW, Sidney S, Johnston SC. Recurrent hemorrhagic stroke in children: a population-based cohort study. Stroke. 2007 Oct; 38(10):2658-62.
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      113. Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Poon KY, Singh V, Johnston SC, Ko NU, Achrol AS, Lawton MT, Higashida RT, Young WL. Racial/Ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation patients. Stroke. 2007 Sep; 38(9):2430-7.
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      114. Elkins JS, Johnston SC, Ziv E, Kado D, Cauley JA, Yaffe K. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and cognitive function in older women. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Sep 15; 166(6):672-8.
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      115. Johnston SC. Review: anticoagulants increase intracerebral bleeding and do not reduce death or disability in acute cardioembolic stroke. ACP J Club. 2007 Jul-Aug; 147(1):17.
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      116. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Matriculating the next generation of clinician-scientists. Ann Neurol. 2007 Jul; 62(1):A10-1.
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      117. Dispensa BP, Saloner DA, Acevedo-Bolton G, Achrol AS, Jou LD, McCulloch CE, Johnston SC, Higashida RT, Dowd CF, Halbach VV, Ko NU, Lawton MT, Martin AJ, Quinnine N, Young WL. Estimation of fusiform intracranial aneurysm growth by serial magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 Jul; 26(1):177-83.
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      118. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC. Evaluation and management of transient ischemic attack: an important component of stroke prevention. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2007 Jun; 4(6):310-8.
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      119. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Medical prizes: Lifetime achievement awards or engines for progress? Ann Neurol. 2007 May; 61(5):A11-2.
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      120. Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Weber MA, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Hu T, Topol EJ, Fox KA. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 May 15; 49(19):1982-8.
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      121. Johnston SC, Lowenstein DH, Ferriero DM, Messing RO, Oksenberg JR, Hauser SL. Early editorial manuscript screening versus obligate peer review: a randomized trial. Ann Neurol. 2007 Apr; 61(4):A10-2.
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      122. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Of ghosts and sirens: the subtlest lures of industry. Ann Neurol. 2007 Mar; 61(3):A11-2.
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      123. Fullerton HJ, Wu YW, Sidney S, Johnston SC. Risk of recurrent childhood arterial ischemic stroke in a population-based cohort: the importance of cerebrovascular imaging. Pediatrics. 2007 Mar; 119(3):495-501.
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      124. Raymond J, Meder JF, Molyneux AJ, Fox AJ, Johnston SC, Collet JP, Rouleau I. Trial on endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysms (TEAM): study monitoring and rationale for trial interruption or continuation. J Neuroradiol. 2007 Mar; 34(1):33-41.
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      125. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Marketing and drug costs: who is laughing and crying? Ann Neurol. 2007 Feb; 61(2):11A-12A.
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      126. Johnston SC, Rothwell PM, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Giles MF, Elkins JS, Bernstein AL, Sidney S. Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2007 Jan 27; 369(9558):283-92.
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      127. Aslanyan S, Weir CJ, Johnston CS, Krams M, Grieve AP, Lees KR. The association of post-stroke neurological improvement with risk of subsequent deterioration due to stroke events. Eur J Neurol. 2007 Jan; 14(1):1-6.
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      128. Dorsey ER, Vitticore P, De Roulet J, Thompson JP, Carrasco M, Johnston SC, Holloway RG, Moses H. Financial anatomy of neuroscience research. Ann Neurol. 2006 Dec; 60(6):652-9.
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      129. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. A status report on neuroscience research, without grade inflation. Ann Neurol. 2006 Dec; 60(6):A9-11.
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      130. Hills NK, Johnston SC. Why are eligible thrombolysis candidates left untreated? Am J Prev Med. 2006 Dec; 31(6 Suppl 2):S210-6.
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      131. Ovbiagele B, Hills NK, Saver JL, Johnston SC. Are racial differences in antihypertensive responsiveness reflected in usage after stroke? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006 Nov-Dec; 15(6):260-5.
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      132. Hauser SL, Johnston SC. Recombinant therapeutics: from bench to bedside (if your health plan concurs). Ann Neurol. 2006 Nov; 60(5):10A-11A.
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      133. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Neurology and medical devices. Ann Neurol. 2006 Oct; 60(4):11A-2A.
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      134. Raymond J, Meder JF, Molyneux AJ, Fox AJ, Johnston SC, Collet JP, Rouleau I. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: the unreliability of clinical judgment, the necessity for evidence, and reasons to participate in a randomized trial. J Neuroradiol. 2006 Oct; 33(4):211-9.
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      135. Fullerton HJ, Gardner M, Adams RJ, Lo LC, Johnston SC. Obstacles to primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease. Neurology. 2006 Sep 26; 67(6):1098-9.
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      136. Johnston SC, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Schwarz ME, Fuller K, Williams CE, Josephson SA, Hankey GJ, Hart RG, Levine SR, Biller J, Brown RD, Sacco RL, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ, Bogousslavsky J, Caplan LR, van Gijn J, Algra A, Rothwell PM, Adams HP, Albers GW. National Stroke Association guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks. Ann Neurol. 2006 Sep; 60(3):301-13.
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      137. Ovbiagele B, Hills NK, Saver JL, Johnston SC. Frequency and determinants of pneumonia and urinary tract infection during stroke hospitalization. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006 Sep-Oct; 15(5):209-13.
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      138. Elkins JS, Longstreth WT, Manolio TA, Newman AB, Bhadelia RA, Johnston SC. Education and the cognitive decline associated with MRI-defined brain infarct. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8; 67(3):435-40.
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      139. Josephson SA, Hills NK, Johnston SC. NIH Stroke Scale reliability in ratings from a large sample of clinicians. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006; 22(5-6):389-95.
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      140. Elkins JS, Whitmer RA, Sidney S, Sorel M, Yaffe K, Johnston SC. Midlife obesity and long-term risk of nursing home admission. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Aug; 14(8):1472-8.
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      141. Ovbiagele B, Hills NK, Saver JL, Johnston SC. Lipid assessment and treatment patterns in hospitalized TIA and ischemic stroke patients. J Hosp Med. 2006 Jul; 1(4):214-20.
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      142. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Basic and clinical research: what is the most appropriate weighting in a public investment portfolio? Ann Neurol. 2006 Jul; 60(1):9A-11A.
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      143. Hills NK, Johnston SC. Duration of hospital participation in a nationwide stroke registry is associated with improved quality of care. BMC Neurol. 2006; 6:20.
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      144. Pawlikowska L, Poon KY, Achrol AS, McCulloch CE, Ha C, Lum K, Zaroff JG, Ko NU, Johnston SC, Sidney S, Marchuk DA, Lawton MT, Kwok PY, Young WL. Apolipoprotein E epsilon 2 is associated with new hemorrhage risk in brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2006 May; 58(5):838-43; discussion 838-43.
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      145. Bambauer KZ, Johnston SC, Bambauer DE, Zivin JA. Reasons why few patients with acute stroke receive tissue plasminogen activator. Arch Neurol. 2006 May; 63(5):661-4.
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      146. Johnston SC, Rootenberg JD, Katrak S, Smith WS, Elkins JS. Effect of a US National Institutes of Health programme of clinical trials on public health and costs. Lancet. 2006 Apr 22; 367(9519):1319-27.
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      147. Rothwell PM, Buchan A, Johnston SC. Recent advances in management of transient ischaemic attacks and minor ischaemic strokes. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Apr; 5(4):323-31.
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      148. Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Schwamm LH, Tomsick T. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation. 2006 Mar 14; 113(10):e409-49.
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      149. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Flather MD, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Weber MA, Brennan DM, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Booth J, Topol EJ. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 20; 354(16):1706-17.
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      150. Johnston SC. Translation: case study in failure. Ann Neurol. 2006 Mar; 59(3):447-8.
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      151. Ovbiagele B, Hills NK, Saver JL, Johnston SC. Secondary-prevention drug prescription in the very elderly after ischemic stroke or TIA. Neurology. 2006 Feb 14; 66(3):313-8.
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      152. Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Schwamm LH, Tomsick T. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke. 2006 Feb; 37(2):577-617.
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      153. Rothwell PM, Johnston SC. Transient ischemic attacks: stratifying risk. Stroke. 2006 Feb; 37(2):320-2.
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      154. Smith WS, Tsao JW, Billings ME, Johnston SC, Hemphill JC, Bonovich DC, Dillon WP. Prognostic significance of angiographically confirmed large vessel intracranial occlusion in patients presenting with acute brain ischemia. Neurocrit Care. 2006; 4(1):14-7.
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      155. Johnston SC. Preventing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events after stroke: eprosartan or nitrendipine? Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2006 Jan; 2(1):24-5.
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      156. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC. Is hospitalization after TIA cost-effective on the basis of treatment with tPA? Neurology. 2005 Dec 13; 65(11):1799-801.
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      157. Achrol AS, Pawlikowska L, McCulloch CE, Poon KY, Ha C, Zaroff JG, Johnston SC, Lee C, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Marchuk DA, Kwok PY, Young WL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238G>A promoter polymorphism is associated with increased risk of new hemorrhage in the natural course of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. Stroke. 2006 Jan; 37(1):231-4.
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      158. Johnston SC. Transient ischemic attack: a dangerous Harbinger and an opportunity to intervene. Semin Neurol. 2005 Dec; 25(4):362-70.
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      159. Elkins JS, Khatabi T, Fung L, Rootenberg J, Johnston SC. Recruiting subjects for acute stroke trials: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 2006 Jan; 37(1):123-8.
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      160. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC. Regional variation in hospitalization for stroke among Asians/Pacific Islanders in the United States: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMC Neurol. 2005; 5:21.
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      161. Miller TM, Johnston SC. Should the Babinski sign be part of the routine neurologic examination? Neurology. 2005 Oct 25; 65(8):1165-8.
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      162. Johnston SC, Zhang H, Messina LM, Lawton MT, Dean D. Chlamydia pneumoniae burden in carotid arteries is associated with upregulation of plaque interleukin-6 and elevated C-reactive protein in serum. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Dec; 25(12):2648-53.
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      163. Du R, Dowd CF, Johnston SC, Young WL, Lawton MT. Interobserver variability in grading of brain arteriovenous malformations using the Spetzler-Martin system. Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct; 57(4):668-75; discussion 668-75.
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      164. Uchino K, Johnston SC, Becker KJ, Tirschwell DL. Moyamoya disease in Washington State and California. Neurology. 2005 Sep 27; 65(6):956-8.
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      165. Fullerton HJ, Achrol AS, Johnston SC, McCulloch CE, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Young WL. Long-term hemorrhage risk in children versus adults with brain arteriovenous malformations. Stroke. 2005 Oct; 36(10):2099-104.
        View in: PubMed
      166. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Flather MD, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Weber MA, Booth J, Topol EJ. A global view of atherothrombosis: baseline characteristics in the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. Am Heart J. 2005 Sep; 150(3):401.
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      167. The impact of standardized stroke orders on adherence to best practices. Neurology. 2005 Aug 9; 65(3):360-5.
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      168. Ovbiagele B, Hills NK, Saver JL, Johnston SC. Antihypertensive medications prescribed at discharge after an acute ischemic cerebrovascular event. Stroke. 2005 Sep; 36(9):1944-7.
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      169. Tsao JW, Hemphill JC, Johnston SC, Smith WS, Bonovich DC. Initial Glasgow Coma Scale score predicts outcome following thrombolysis for posterior circulation stroke. Arch Neurol. 2005 Jul; 62(7):1126-9.
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      170. Elkins JS, Yaffe K, Cauley JA, Fink HA, Hillier TA, Johnston SC. Pre-existing hypertension and the impact of stroke on cognitive function. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jul; 58(1):68-74.
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      171. Elkins JS, Knopman DS, Yaffe K, Johnston SC. Cognitive function predicts first-time stroke and heart disease. Neurology. 2005 May 24; 64(10):1750-5.
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      172. Johnston SC. Editorial comment--transient ischemic attacks are emergencies. Stroke. 2005 Apr; 36(4):724.
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      173. Bardach N, Zhao S, Pantilat S, Johnston SC. Adjustment for do-not-resuscitate orders reverses the apparent in-hospital mortality advantage for minorities. Am J Med. 2005 Apr; 118(4):400-8.
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      174. Schwamm LH, Pancioli A, Acker JE, Goldstein LB, Zorowitz RD, Shephard TJ, Moyer P, Gorman M, Johnston SC, Duncan PW, Gorelick P, Frank J, Stranne SK, Smith R, Federspiel W, Horton KB, Magnis E, Adams RJ. Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems. Circulation. 2005 Mar 1; 111(8):1078-91.
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      175. Lawton MT, Du R, Tran MN, Achrol AS, McCulloch CE, Johnston SC, Quinnine NJ, Young WL. Effect of presenting hemorrhage on outcome after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2005 Mar; 56(3):485-93; discussion 485-93.
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      176. Prioritizing interventions to improve rates of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2005 Feb 22; 64(4):654-9.
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      177. Douglas VC, Tong DC, Gillum LA, Zhao S, Brass LM, Dostal J, Johnston SC. Do the Brain Attack Coalition's criteria for stroke centers improve care for ischemic stroke? Neurology. 2005 Feb 8; 64(3):422-7.
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      178. Josephson SA, Johnston SC. Multiple stable fusiform intracranial aneurysms following atrial myxoma. Neurology. 2005 Feb 8; 64(3):526.
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      179. Schwamm LH, Pancioli A, Acker JE, Goldstein LB, Zorowitz RD, Shephard TJ, Moyer P, Gorman M, Johnston SC, Duncan PW, Gorelick P, Frank J, Stranne SK, Smith R, Federspiel W, Horton KB, Magnis E, Adams RJ. Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems. Stroke. 2005 Mar; 36(3):690-703.
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      180. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC. Transient ischemic attack: a neurologic emergency. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2005 Feb; 5(1):13-20.
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      181. Johnston SC. Who belongs inside the carotid arteries? Neurology. 2005 Jan 25; 64(2):188-9.
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      182. Whitmer RA, Sidney S, Selby J, Johnston SC, Yaffe K. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology. 2005 Jan 25; 64(2):277-81.
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      183. Elkins JS, Johnston SC. Twinning hearts and minds. Neurology. 2004 Dec 28; 63(12):2211-2.
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      184. Wu YW, Backstrand KH, Zhao S, Fullerton HJ, Johnston SC. Declining diagnosis of birth asphyxia in California: 1991-2000. Pediatrics. 2004 Dec; 114(6):1584-90.
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      185. Smith WS, Dowd CF, Johnston SC, Ko NU, DeArmond SJ, Dillon WP, Setty D, Lawton MT, Young WL, Higashida RT, Halbach VV. Neurotoxicity of intra-arterial papaverine preserved with chlorobutanol used for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2004 Nov; 35(11):2518-22.
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      186. Johnston SC. Ischemic preconditioning from transient ischemic attacks? Data from the Northern California TIA Study. Stroke. 2004 Nov; 35(11 Suppl 1):2680-2.
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      187. Elkins JS, O'Meara ES, Longstreth WT, Carlson MC, Manolio TA, Johnston SC. Stroke risk factors and loss of high cognitive function. Neurology. 2004 Sep 14; 63(5):793-9.
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      188. Johnston SC. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin reduced stroke in patients with, or at risk for, vascular disease. ACP J Club. 2004 Sep-Oct; 141(2):32.
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      189. Josephson SA, Bryant SO, Mak HK, Johnston SC, Dillon WP, Smith WS. Evaluation of carotid stenosis using CT angiography in the initial evaluation of stroke and TIA. Neurology. 2004 Aug 10; 63(3):457-60.
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      190. Gillum LA, Johnston SC. Oral contraceptives and stroke risk: the debate continues. Lancet Neurol. 2004 Aug; 3(8):453-4.
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      191. Aslanyan S, Weir CJ, Johnston SC, Lees KR. Poststroke neurological improvement within 7 days is associated with subsequent deterioration. Stroke. 2004 Sep; 35(9):2165-70.
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      192. Fullerton HJ, Elkins JS, Johnston SC. Pediatric Stroke Belt: geographic variation in stroke mortality in US children. Stroke. 2004 Jul; 35(7):1570-3.
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      193. Halim AX, Johnston SC, Singh V, McCulloch CE, Bennett JP, Achrol AS, Sidney S, Young WL. Longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with arteriovenous malformation of the brain within a defined population. Stroke. 2004 Jul; 35(7):1697-702.
        View in: PubMed
      194. Iribarren C, Go AS, Tolstykh I, Sidney S, Johnston SC, Spring DB. Breast vascular calcification and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004 May; 13(4):381-9; discussion 390-2.
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      195. Bardach NS, Olson SJ, Elkins JS, Smith WS, Lawton MT, Johnston SC. Regionalization of treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage: a cost-utility analysis. Circulation. 2004 May 11; 109(18):2207-12.
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      196. Jarquin-Valdivia AA, McCartney J, Palestrant D, Johnston SC, Gress D. The thickness of the temporal squama and its implication for transcranial sonography. J Neuroimaging. 2004 Apr; 14(2):139-42.
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      197. Fullerton HJ, Adams RJ, Zhao S, Johnston SC. Declining stroke rates in Californian children with sickle cell disease. Blood. 2004 Jul 15; 104(2):336-9.
        View in: PubMed
      198. Hemphill JC, Newman J, Zhao S, Johnston SC. Hospital usage of early do-not-resuscitate orders and outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2004 May; 35(5):1130-4.
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      199. Johnston SC, O'Meara ES, Manolio TA, Lefkowitz D, O'Leary DH, Goldstein S, Carlson MC, Fried LP, Longstreth WT. Cognitive impairment and decline are associated with carotid artery disease in patients without clinically evident cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Feb 17; 140(4):237-47.
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      200. Elkins JS, Douglas VC, Johnston SC. Alzheimer disease risk and genetic variation in ACE: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2004 Feb 10; 62(3):363-8.
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      201. Clarke JL, Johnston SC, Farrant M, Bernstein R, Tong D, Hemphill JC. External validation of the ICH score. Neurocrit Care. 2004; 1(1):53-60.
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      202. Johnston SC. Ticlopidine was not better than aspirin for preventing recurrent stroke in African-Americans with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. ACP J Club. 2004 Jan-Feb; 140(1):9.
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      203. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Fayad P, Gorelick PB, Johnston SC. Knowledge and management of transient ischemic attacks among US primary care physicians. Neurology. 2003 Nov 25; 61(10):1455-6.
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      204. Douglas VC, Johnston CM, Elkins J, Sidney S, Gress DR, Johnston SC. Head computed tomography findings predict short-term stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2003 Dec; 34(12):2894-8.
        View in: PubMed
      205. Johnston SC, Leira EC, Hansen MD, Adams HP. Early recovery after cerebral ischemia risk of subsequent neurological deterioration. Ann Neurol. 2003 Oct; 54(4):439-44.
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      206. Johnston SC, Easton JD. Are patients with acutely recovered cerebral ischemia more unstable? Stroke. 2003 Oct; 34(10):2446-50.
        View in: PubMed
      207. Berman MF, Solomon RA, Mayer SA, Johnston SC, Yung PP. Impact of hospital-related factors on outcome after treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Stroke. 2003 Sep; 34(9):2200-7.
        View in: PubMed
      208. Elkins JS, Johnston SC. Thirty-year projections for deaths from ischemic stroke in the United States. Stroke. 2003 Sep; 34(9):2109-12.
        View in: PubMed
      209. Fullerton HJ, Wu YW, Zhao S, Johnston SC. Risk of stroke in children: ethnic and gender disparities. Neurology. 2003 Jul 22; 61(2):189-94.
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      210. Johnston SC, Fayad PB, Gorelick PB, Hanley DF, Shwayder P, van Husen D, Weiskopf T. Prevalence and knowledge of transient ischemic attack among US adults. Neurology. 2003 May 13; 60(9):1429-34.
        View in: PubMed
      211. Smith WS, Johnston SC, Skalabrin EJ, Weaver M, Azari P, Albers GW, Gress DR. Spinal manipulative therapy is an independent risk factor for vertebral artery dissection. Neurology. 2003 May 13; 60(9):1424-8.
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      212. Nagura J, Suzuki K, Johnston SC, Nagata K, Kuriyama N, Ozasa K, Watanabe Y, Nakajima K. Diffusion-weighted MRI in evaluation of transient ischemic attack. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003 May-Jun; 12(3):137-42.
        View in: PubMed
      213. Smith WS, Roberts HC, Chuang NA, Ong KC, Lee TJ, Johnston SC, Dillon WP. Safety and feasibility of a CT protocol for acute stroke: combined CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion imaging in 53 consecutive patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 Apr; 24(4):688-90.
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      214. Johnston SC, Sidney S, Bernstein AL, Gress DR. A comparison of risk factors for recurrent TIA and stroke in patients diagnosed with TIA. Neurology. 2003 Jan 28; 60(2):280-5.
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      215. Ko NU, Johnston SC, Young WL, Singh V, Klatsky AL. Distinguishing intracerebral hemorrhages caused by arteriovenous malformations. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003; 15(3):206-9.
        View in: PubMed
      216. Johnston SC. Clinical practice. Transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 21; 347(21):1687-92.
        View in: PubMed
      217. Johnston SC, Sorel ME, Sidney S. Effects of the September 11th attacks on urgent and emergent medical evaluations in a Northern California managed care plan. Am J Med. 2002 Nov; 113(7):556-62.
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      218. Johnston SC, Henneman T, McCulloch CE, van der Laan M. Modeling treatment effects on binary outcomes with grouped-treatment variables and individual covariates. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Oct 15; 156(8):753-60.
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      219. Johnston SC, Higashida RT, Barrow DL, Caplan LR, Dion JE, Hademenos G, Hopkins LN, Molyneux A, Rosenwasser RH, Vinuela F, Wilson CB. Recommendations for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Cerebrovascular Imaging of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology. Stroke. 2002 Oct; 33(10):2536-44.
        View in: PubMed
      220. Johnston SC. Review: in-hospital care pathways for acute stroke do not improve clinical outcomes and lower quality of life. ACP J Club. 2002 Sep-Oct; 137(2):77.
        View in: PubMed
      221. Elkins JS, Sidney S, Gress DR, Go AS, Bernstein AL, Johnston SC. Electrocardiographic findings predict short-term cardiac morbidity after transient ischemic attack. Arch Neurol. 2002 Sep; 59(9):1437-41.
        View in: PubMed
      222. Fullerton HJ, Chetkovich DM, Wu YW, Smith WS, Johnston SC. Deaths from stroke in US children, 1979 to 1998. Neurology. 2002 Jul 9; 59(1):34-9.
        View in: PubMed
      223. Bardach NS, Zhao S, Gress DR, Lawton MT, Johnston SC. Association between subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes and number of cases treated at California hospitals. Stroke. 2002 Jul; 33(7):1851-6.
        View in: PubMed
      224. Halim AX, Young WL, Johnston SC. Reliability of angiographic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations. Stroke. 2002 Jun; 33(6):1508-9.
        View in: PubMed
      225. Singh V, Gress DR, Higashida RT, Dowd CF, Halbach VV, Johnston SC. The learning curve for coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002 May; 23(5):768-71.
        View in: PubMed
      226. Wu YW, Shek DW, Garcia PA, Zhao S, Johnston SC. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California. Neurology. 2002 Apr 9; 58(7):1070-6.
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      227. Halim AX, Singh V, Johnston SC, Higashida RT, Dowd CF, Halbach VV, Lawton MT, Gress DR, McCulloch CE, Young WL. Characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations with coexisting aneurysms: a comparison of two referral centers. Stroke. 2002 Mar; 33(3):675-9.
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      228. Johnston SC, Singh V, Ralston HJ, Gold WM. Chronic dyspnea and hyperventilation in an awake patient with small subcortical infarcts. Neurology. 2001 Dec 11; 57(11):2131-3.
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      229. Johnston SC, Messina LM, Browner WS, Lawton MT, Morris C, Dean D. C-reactive protein levels and viable Chlamydia pneumoniae in carotid artery atherosclerosis. Stroke. 2001 Dec 1; 32(12):2748-52.
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      230. Angeja BG, Shlipak MG, Go AS, Johnston SC, Frederick PD, Canto JG, Barron HV, Grady D. Hormone therapy and the risk of stroke after acute myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Nov 1; 38(5):1297-301.
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      231. Fullerton HJ, Johnston SC, Smith WS. Arterial dissection and stroke in children. Neurology. 2001 Oct 9; 57(7):1155-60.
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      232. Gillum LA, Johnston SC. Characteristics of academic medical centers and ischemic stroke outcomes. Stroke. 2001 Sep; 32(9):2137-42.
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      233. Johnston SC. Identifying confounding by indication through blinded prospective review. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Aug 1; 154(3):276-84.
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      234. Reporting terminology for brain arteriovenous malformation clinical and radiographic features for use in clinical trials. Stroke. 2001 Jun; 32(6):1430-42.
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      235. Johnston SC, Fung LH, Gillum LA, Smith WS, Brass LM, Lichtman JH, Brown AN. Utilization of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke at academic medical centers: the influence of ethnicity. Stroke. 2001 May; 32(5):1061-8.
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      236. Hemphill JC, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001 Apr; 32(4):891-7.
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      237. Johnston SC, Zhao S, Dudley RA, Berman MF, Gress DR. Treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in California. Stroke. 2001 Mar; 32(3):597-605.
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      238. Johnston SC, Gress DR, Browner WS, Sidney S. Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA. JAMA. 2000 Dec 13; 284(22):2901-6.
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      239. Johnston SC. Combining ecological and individual variables to reduce confounding by indication: case study--subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Dec; 53(12):1236-41.
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      240. Gillum LA, Mamidipudi SK, Johnston SC. Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2000 Jul 5; 284(1):72-8.
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      241. Johnston SC, Wilson CB, Halbach VV, Higashida RT, Dowd CF, McDermott MW, Applebury CB, Farley TL, Gress DR. Endovascular and surgical treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms: comparison of risks. Ann Neurol. 2000 Jul; 48(1):11-9.
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      242. Johnston SC. Effect of endovascular services and hospital volume on cerebral aneurysm treatment outcomes. Stroke. 2000 Jan; 31(1):111-7.
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      243. Johnston SC, Gress DR, Kahn JG. Which unruptured cerebral aneurysms should be treated? A cost-utility analysis. Neurology. 1999 Jun 10; 52(9):1806-15.
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      244. Johnston SC, Dudley RA, Gress DR, Ono L. Surgical and endovascular treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms at university hospitals. Neurology. 1999 Jun 10; 52(9):1799-805.
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      245. Johnston SC, Smith WS. Practice variability in management of transient ischemic attacks. Eur Neurol. 1999; 42(2):105-8.
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      246. Johnston SC, Colford JM, Gress DR. Oral contraceptives and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 1998 Aug; 51(2):411-8.
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      247. Johnston SC, Selvin S, Gress DR. The burden, trends, and demographics of mortality from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology. 1998 May; 50(5):1413-8.
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      248. Johnston SC, Halbach VV, Smith WS, Gress DR. Rapid development of giant fusiform cerebral aneurysms in angiographically normal vessels. Neurology. 1998 Apr; 50(4):1163-6.
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      249. Johnston SC, Siedenberg R, Min JK, Jerome EH, Laxer KD. Central apnea and acute cardiac ischemia in a sheep model of epileptic sudden death. Ann Neurol. 1997 Oct; 42(4):588-94.
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      250. Johnston SC, Darragh TM, Simon RP. Postictal pulmonary edema requires pulmonary vascular pressure increases. Epilepsia. 1996 May; 37(5):428-32.
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      251. Johnston SC, Horn JK, Valente J, Simon RP. The role of hypoventilation in a sheep model of epileptic sudden death. Ann Neurol. 1995 Apr; 37(4):531-7.
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      252. Johnston SC, Dustin ML, Hibbs ML, Springer TA. On the species specificity of the interaction of LFA-1 with intercellular adhesion molecules. J Immunol. 1990 Aug 15; 145(4):1181-7.
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      253. Johnston SC, Hilborn RC. Experimental verification of a universal scaling law for the Lyapunov exponent of a chaotic system. Phys Rev A. 1988 Apr 1; 37(7):2680-2682.
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      254. Comer CR, Grunstein JS, Mason RJ, Johnston SC, Grunstein MM. Endogenous opioids modulate fetal rabbit lung maturation. J Appl Physiol. 1987 Jun; 62(6):2141-6.
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