John Shepherd, PhD
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| Title | Associate Professor |
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| School | UCSF School of Medicine |
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| Department | Radiology and Biomedical Imaging |
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| Address | 400 Parnassus Avenue San Francisco CA 94117
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| Phone | 415-476-8814 |
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Biography | Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden | 2013
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| 2014 | Fulbright Scholar | | International Society for Clinical Densitometry | 2013
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| 2013 | Oscar Gluck Humanitarian Award | | International Society for Clinical Densitometry | 2007
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| 2007 | John P. Belezikian Global Leadership Award |
Overview John A. Shepherd, PhD, CCD, CDT, is an Associate Adjunct Professor in the Department of Radiology and he is the Director of the Breast and Bone Density Imaging Group at the University of California, San Francisco. He is an expert in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which measures soft tissue body compartments and bone density and bone morphometry. Dr. Shepherd received his BS in Engineering Physics from Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, and he obtained his PhD in Engineering Physics from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship from Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey.
Dr. Shepherd’s research interests involve quantitative imaging methods for tissue composition using x-rays. His mammographic methods are used for research around the world and in the San Francisco Mammography Registry Program. Dr. Shepherd’s efforts are focused on the technical imaging aspects of the measurements of the body composition and the translation of these measurements into different fields of study. He has present and future research projects in the following areas: breast cancer risk and detection using tissue composition; molecular computed tomography (MCT); 4CDXA; quality assurance and quality control methods.
Expertise: Breast and bone density
Specialty: Quantitative imaging methods for tissue composition using x-rays, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Professional Interests: Body composition, diagnostic x-ray imaging, mammographic density, bone densitometry, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), single X-ray absorptiometry (SXA), quantitative computed tomography, osteoporosis, breast cancer, peripheral bone densitometry, quantitative ultrasound
Education and Training: • Bachelor of Science: Texas Tech University, Lubbock - Engineering Physics • Doctor of Philosophy: University of Virginia, Charlottesville - Engineering Physics • Postdoctoral Fellow: Princeton University, Princeton - Physics Department • Certified Clinical Densitometrist (CCD), International Society for Clinical Densitometry • Cert. Densitometry Technologist (CDT), International Society for Clinical Densitometry • Limited License: X-ray Bone Densitometry, American Registry of Radiologic Technologists California
Body composition, diagnostic x-ray imaging, mammographic density, bone densitometry, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), single X-ray absorptiometry (SXA), quantitative computed tomography, osteoporosis, breast cancer, peripheral bone densitometry, quantitative ultrasound.
Bibliographic
Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications.
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Caswell JL, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd JA, Cummings SR, Hu D, Huntsman S, Ziv E. High mammographic density in women of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Breast Cancer Res. 2013 May 13; 15(3):R40.
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Wilson JP, Strauss BJ, Fan B, Duewer FW, Shepherd JA. Improved 4-compartment body-composition model for a clinically accessible measure of total body protein. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar; 97(3):497-504.
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Gregson CL, Paggiosi MA, Crabtree N, Steel SA, McCloskey E, Duncan EL, Fan B, Shepherd JA, Fraser WD, Smith GD, Tobias JH. Analysis of body composition in individuals with high bone mass reveals a marked increase in fat mass in women but not men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Feb; 98(2):818-28.
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Wilson JP, Fan B, Shepherd JA. Total and Regional Body Volumes Derived From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Output. J Clin Densitom. 2013 Jan 12.
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Shepherd JA, Fan B, Lu Y, Wu XP, Wacker WK, Ergun DL, Levine MA. A multinational study to develop universal standardization of whole-body bone density and composition using GE Healthcare Lunar and Hologic DXA systems. J Bone Miner Res. 2012 Oct; 27(10):2208-16.
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Wren TA, Shepherd JA, Kalkwarf HJ, Zemel BS, Lappe JM, Oberfield S, Dorey FJ, Winer KK, Gilsanz V. Racial Disparity in Fracture Risk between White and Nonwhite Children in the United States. J Pediatr. 2012 Dec; 161(6):1035-1040.e2.
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Shepherd JA. Is Osteoporosis an Obesity Paradox? J Clin Densitom. 2012 Aug 22.
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Dorgan JF, Klifa C, Shepherd JA, Egleston BL, Kwiterovich PO, Himes JH, Gabriel KP, Van Horn L, Snetselaar LG, Stevens VJ, Barton BA, Robson AM, Lasser NL, Deshmukh S, Hylton NM. Height, adiposity and body fat distribution and breast density in young women. Breast Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 16; 14(4):R107.
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Jonas MM, Balistreri W, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Haber B, Lobritto S, Mohan P, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Narkewicz MR, Rosenthal P, Schwarz KB, Barton BA, Shepherd JA, Mitchell PD, Duggan C. Pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis C in children affects growth and body composition: results from the pediatric study of hepatitis C (PEDS-C) trial. Hepatology. 2012 Aug; 56(2):523-31.
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Looker AC, Borrud LG, Dawson-Hughes B, Shepherd JA, Wright NC. Osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femur neck or lumbar spine in older adults: United States, 2005-2008. NCHS Data Brief. 2012 Apr; (93):1-8.
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Schwartz AV, Johnson KC, Kahn SE, Shepherd JA, Nevitt MC, Peters AL, Walkup MP, Hodges A, Williams CC, Bray GA. Effect of 1 year of an intentional weight loss intervention on bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes: results from the Look AHEAD randomized trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2012 Mar; 27(3):619-27.
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Shepherd JA, Kerlikowske K. Do fatty breasts increase or decrease breast cancer risk? Breast Cancer Res. 2012; 14(1):102.
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Baracos V, Caserotti P, Earthman CP, Fields D, Gallagher D, Hall KD, Heymsfield SB, Müller MJ, Rosen AN, Pichard C, Redman LM, Shen W, Shepherd JA, Thomas D. Advances in the science and application of body composition measurement. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 Jan; 36(1):96-107.
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Schwartz AV, Johnson KC, Kahn SE, Shepherd JA, Nevitt MC, Peters AL, Walkup MP, Hodges A, Williams CC, Bray GA. Effect of one year of an intentional weight loss intervention on bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes: Results from the look AHEAD randomized trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Dec 2.
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Wilson JP, Mulligan K, Fan B, Sherman JL, Murphy EJ, Tai VW, Powers CL, Marquez L, Ruiz-Barros V, Shepherd JA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based body volume measurement for 4-compartment body composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jan; 95(1):25-31.
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Shepherd JA, Wang L, Fan B, Gilsanz V, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe J, Lu Y, Hangartner T, Zemel BS, Fredrick M, Oberfield S, Winer KK. Optimal monitoring time interval between DXA measures in children. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Nov; 26(11):2745-52.
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Dorgan JF, Liu L, Barton BA, Deshmukh S, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L, Stevens VJ, Robson AM, Lasser NL, Himes JH, Shepherd JA, Pourfarzib R, Pettee Gabriel K, Kriska A, Kwiterovich PO. Adolescent diet and metabolic syndrome in young women: results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Dec; 96(12):E1999-2008.
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Zemel BS, Kalkwarf HJ, Gilsanz V, Lappe JM, Oberfield S, Shepherd JA, Frederick MM, Huang X, Lu M, Mahboubi S, Hangartner T, Winer KK. Revised reference curves for bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density according to age and sex for black and non-black children: results of the bone mineral density in childhood study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct; 96(10):3160-9.
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Katzman W, Cawthon P, Hicks GE, Vittinghoff E, Shepherd J, Cauley JA, Harris T, Simonsick EM, Strotmeyer E, Womack C, Kado DM. Association of spinal muscle composition and prevalence of hyperkyphosis in healthy community-dwelling older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012 Feb; 67(2):191-5.
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Toombs RJ, Ducher G, Shepherd JA, De Souza MJ. The impact of recent technological advances on the trueness and precision of DXA to assess body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Jan; 20(1):30-9.
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Looker AC, Melton LJ, Borrud LG, Shepherd JA. Lumbar spine bone mineral density in US adults: demographic patterns and relationship with femur neck skeletal status. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Apr; 23(4):1351-60.
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Shepherd JA, Kerlikowske K, Ma L, Duewer F, Fan B, Wang J, Malkov S, Vittinghoff E, Cummings SR. Volume of mammographic density and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 Jul; 20(7):1473-82.
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Looker AC, Melton LJ, Borrud LG, Shepherd JA. Changes in femur neck bone density in US adults between 1988-1994 and 2005-2008: demographic patterns and possible determinants. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Feb; 23(2):771-80.
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Baker-LePain JC, Nakamura MC, Shepherd J, von Scheven E. Assessment of bone remodelling in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011 Mar; 50(3):611-9.
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Maskarinec G, Morimoto Y, Daida Y, Laidevant A, Malkov S, Shepherd JA, Novotny R. Comparison of breast density measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry with mammographic density among adult women in Hawaii. Cancer Epidemiol. 2011 Apr; 35(2):188-93.
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Shepherd JA, Fan B, Lu Y, Marquez L, Salama K, Hwang J, Fung EB. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with serum ferritin predicts liver iron concentration and changes in concentration better than ferritin alone. J Clin Densitom. 2010 Oct-Dec; 13(4):399-406.
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Katzman WB, Wanek L, Shepherd JA, Sellmeyer DE. Age-related hyperkyphosis: its causes, consequences, and management. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Jun; 40(6):352-60.
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Dorgan JF, Liu L, Klifa C, Hylton N, Shepherd JA, Stanczyk FZ, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L, Stevens VJ, Robson A, Kwiterovich PO, Lasser NL, Himes JH, Pettee Gabriel K, Kriska A, Ruder EH, Fang CY, Barton BA. Adolescent diet and subsequent serum hormones, breast density, and bone mineral density in young women: results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Jun; 19(6):1545-56.
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Short DF, Zemel BS, Gilsanz V, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Mahboubi S, Oberfield SE, Shepherd JA, Winer KK, Hangartner TN. Fitting of bone mineral density with consideration of anthropometric parameters. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Apr; 22(4):1047-57.
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Borrud LG, Flegal KM, Looker AC, Everhart JE, Harris TB, Shepherd JA. Body composition data for individuals 8 years of age and older: U.S. population, 1999-2004. Vital Health Stat 11. 2010 Apr; (250):1-87.
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Kalkwarf HJ, Gilsanz V, Lappe JM, Oberfield S, Shepherd JA, Hangartner TN, Huang X, Frederick MM, Winer KK, Zemel BS. Tracking of bone mass and density during childhood and adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr; 95(4):1690-8.
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Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Yanovski JA, Freedman DS, Shepherd JA, Graubard BI, Borrud LG. High adiposity and high body mass index-for-age in US children and adolescents overall and by race-ethnic group. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr; 91(4):1020-6.
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Zemel BS, Leonard MB, Kelly A, Lappe JM, Gilsanz V, Oberfield S, Mahboubi S, Shepherd JA, Hangartner TN, Frederick MM, Winer KK, Kalkwarf HJ. Height adjustment in assessing dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone mass and density in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Mar; 95(3):1265-73.
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Laidevant AD, Malkov S, Flowers CI, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd JA. Compositional breast imaging using a dual-energy mammography protocol. Med Phys. 2010 Jan; 37(1):164-74.
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Looker AC, Melton LJ, Harris TB, Borrud LG, Shepherd JA. Prevalence and trends in low femur bone density among older US adults: NHANES 2005-2006 compared with NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Jan; 25(1):64-71.
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Malkov S, Wang J, Kerlikowske K, Cummings SR, Shepherd JA. Single x-ray absorptiometry method for the quantitative mammographic measure of fibroglandular tissue volume. Med Phys. 2009 Dec; 36(12):5525-36.
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Fan B, Lu Y, Genant H, Fuerst T, Shepherd J. Does standardized BMD still remove differences between Hologic and GE-Lunar state-of-the-art DXA systems? Osteoporos Int. 2010 Jul; 21(7):1227-36.
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Klifa C, Carballido-Gamio J, Wilmes L, Laprie A, Shepherd J, Gibbs J, Fan B, Noworolski S, Hylton N. Magnetic resonance imaging for secondary assessment of breast density in a high-risk cohort. Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Jan; 28(1):8-15.
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Yeh BM, Shepherd JA, Wang ZJ, Teh HS, Hartman RP, Prevrhal S. Dual-energy and low-kVp CT in the abdomen. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Jul; 193(1):47-54.
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Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer S, Browner WS, Cuzick J, Ziv E, Vogel V, Shepherd J, Vachon C, Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K. Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 18; 101(6):384-98.
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Flegal KM, Shepherd JA, Looker AC, Graubard BI, Borrud LG, Ogden CL, Harris TB, Everhart JE, Schenker N. Comparisons of percentage body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-stature ratio in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb; 89(2):500-8.
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Looker AC, Melton LJ, Harris T, Borrud L, Shepherd J, McGowan J. Age, gender, and race/ethnic differences in total body and subregional bone density. Osteoporos Int. 2009 Jul; 20(7):1141-9.
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Shepherd JA, Malkov S, Fan B, Laidevant A, Novotny R, Maskarinec G. Breast density assessment in adolescent girls using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: a feasibility study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Jul; 17(7):1709-13.
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Shepherd JA, Morgan SL, Lu Y. Comparing BMD results between two similar DXA systems using the generalized least significant change. J Clin Densitom. 2008 Apr-Jun; 11(2):237-42.
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Fan B, Lewiecki EM, Sherman M, Lu Y, Miller PD, Genant HK, Shepherd JA. Improved precision with Hologic Apex software. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Nov; 19(11):1597-602.
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Prevrhal S, Klifa CS, Shepherd JA, Ries MD, Genant HK. Computer-assisted technique to delineate osteolytic lesions around the femoral component in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2008 Sep; 23(6):833-8.
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Prevrhal S, Shepherd JA, Faulkner KG, Gaither KW, Black DM, Lang TF. Comparison of DXA hip structural analysis with volumetric QCT. J Clin Densitom. 2008 Apr-Jun; 11(2):232-6.
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Hans DB, Shepherd JA, Schwartz EN, Reid DM, Blake GM, Fordham JN, Fuerst T, Hadji P, Itabashi A, Krieg MA, Lewiecki EM. Peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the management of osteoporosis: the 2007 ISCD Official Positions. J Clin Densitom. 2008 Jan-Mar; 11(1):188-206.
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Shepherd JA, Blake GM. T-scores and Z-scores. J Clin Densitom. 2007 Oct-Dec; 10(4):349-50.
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Blake GM, Shepherd JA. Effect of random BMD measurement errors on diagnostic classification using T-scores. J Clin Densitom. 2007 Oct-Dec; 10(4):415-7; author reply 417-8.
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Shepherd JA, Lu Y. A generalized least significant change for individuals measured on different DXA systems. J Clin Densitom. 2007 Jul-Sep; 10(3):249-58.
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Grady D, Vittinghoff E, Lin F, Hanes V, Ensrud K, Habel LA, Wallace R, Macer J, Cummings SR, Shepherd J. Effect of ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol on breast density in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2007 May-Jun; 14(3 Pt 1):391-6.
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Kalkwarf HJ, Zemel BS, Gilsanz V, Lappe JM, Horlick M, Oberfield S, Mahboubi S, Fan B, Frederick MM, Winer K, Shepherd JA. The bone mineral density in childhood study: bone mineral content and density according to age, sex, and race. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun; 92(6):2087-99.
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Shepherd JA, Fan B, Lu Y, Lewiecki EM, Miller P, Genant HK. Comparison of BMD precision for Prodigy and Delphi spine and femur scans. Osteoporos Int. 2006; 17(9):1303-8.
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Shepherd JA, Lu Y, Wilson K, Fuerst T, Genant H, Hangartner TN, Wilson C, Hans D, Leib ES. Cross-calibration and minimum precision standards for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: the 2005 ISCD Official Positions. J Clin Densitom. 2006 Jan-Mar; 9(1):31-6.
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Shepherd JA, Herve L, Landau J, Fan B, Kerlikowske K, Cummings SR. Clinical comparison of a novel breast DXA technique to mammographic density. Med Phys. 2006 May; 33(5):1490-8.
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Morimoto Y, Maskarinec G, Conroy SM, Lim U, Shepherd J, Novotny R. Asian ethnicity is associated with a higher trunk/periphery fat ratio in women and adolescent girls. J Epidemiol. 2006 Mar 1; 136(3):642-647.
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Shepherd JA, Meta M, Landau J, Sherrer YS, Goddard DH, Ovalle MI, Rosholm A, Genant HK. Metacarpal index and bone mineral density in healthy African-American women. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec; 16(12):1621-6.
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Prevrhal S, Lu Y, Genant HK, Toschke JO, Shepherd JA. Towards standardization of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the forearm: a common region of interest (ROI) improves the comparability among DXA devices. Calcif Tissue Int. 2005 May; 76(5):348-54.
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Melton LJ, Looker AC, Shepherd JA, O'Connor MK, Achenbach SJ, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Osteoporosis assessment by whole body region vs. site-specific DXA. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec; 16(12):1558-64.
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Shepherd JA, Herve L, Landau J, Fan B, Kerlikowske K, Cummings SR. Novel use of single X-ray absorptiometry for measuring breast density. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Apr; 4(2):173-82.
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Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J, Creasman J, Tice JA, Ziv E, Cummings SR. Are breast density and bone mineral density independent risk factors for breast cancer? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Mar 2; 97(5):368-74.
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Ziv E, Tice J, Smith-Bindman R, Shepherd J, Cummings S, Kerlikowske K. Mammographic density and estrogen receptor status of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Dec; 13(12):2090-5.
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Binkley N, Kiebzak GM, Lewiecki EM, Krueger D, Gangnon RE, Miller PD, Shepherd JA, Drezner MK. Recalculation of the NHANES database SD improves T-score agreement and reduces osteoporosis prevalence. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Feb; 20(2):195-201.
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Lewiecki EM, Watts NB, McClung MR, Petak SM, Bachrach LK, Shepherd JA, Downs RW. Official positions of the international society for clinical densitometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug; 89(8):3651-5.
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Klifa C, Carballido-Gamio J, Wilmes L, Laprie A, Lobo C, Demicco E, Watkins M, Shepherd J, Gibbs J, Hylton N. Quantification of breast tissue index from MR data using fuzzy clustering. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004; 3:1667-70.
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Ziv E, Shepherd J, Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K. Mammographic breast density and family history of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Apr 2; 95(7):556-8.
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Prevrhal S, Fox JC, Shepherd JA, Genant HK. Accuracy of CT-based thickness measurement of thin structures: modeling of limited spatial resolution in all three dimensions. Med Phys. 2003 Jan; 30(1):1-8.
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Mingin GC, Nguyen HT, Mathias RS, Shepherd JA, Glidden D, Baskin LS. Growth and metabolic consequences of bladder augmentation in children with myelomeningocele and bladder exstrophy. Pediatrics. 2002 Dec; 110(6):1193-8.
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Prevrhal S, Shepherd JA, Smith-Bindman R, Cummings SR, Kerlikowske K. Accuracy of mammographic breast density analysis: results of formal operator training. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Nov; 11(11):1389-93.
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Grigorian M, Shepherd JA, Cheng XG, Njeh CF, Toschke JO, Genant HK. Does osteoporosis classification using heel BMD agree across manufacturers? Osteoporos Int. 2002 Aug; 13(8):613-7.
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Shepherd JA, Kerlikowske KM, Smith-Bindman R, Genant HK, Cummings SR. Measurement of breast density with dual X-ray absorptiometry: feasibility. Radiology. 2002 May; 223(2):554-7.
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Shepherd JA, Cheng XG, Lu Y, Njeh C, Toschke J, Engelke K, Grigorian M, Genant HK. Universal standardization of forearm bone densitometry. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Apr; 17(4):734-45.
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Sherman ME, Shepherd J, Frassetto L, Genant HK. Discrepancy in results between spine and hip scans of a woman with end stage renal disease. J Clin Densitom. 2002; 5(1):95-8.
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Njeh CF, Chen MB, Fan B, Grigorian M, Shepherd JA, Saeed I, Genant HK. Evaluation of a gel-coupled quantitative ultrasound device for bone status assessment. J Ultrasound Med. 2001 Nov; 20(11):1219-28.
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Njeh CF, Saeed I, Grigorian M, Kendler DL, Fan B, Shepherd J, McClung M, Drake WM, Genant HK. Assessment of bone status using speed of sound at multiple anatomical sites. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001 Oct; 27(10):1337-45.
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Lu Y, Genant HK, Shepherd J, Zhao S, Mathur A, Fuerst TP, Cummings SR. Classification of osteoporosis based on bone mineral densities. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 May; 16(5):901-10.
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Diessel E, Shepherd JA, Fuerst T, Gonzalez M, Genant HK, Carew B, Looker A. Comparison of two phantoms for body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 May; 904:107-10.
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Genant HK, Li J, Wu CY, Shepherd JA. Vertebral fractures in osteoporosis: a new method for clinical assessment. J Clin Densitom. 2000; 3(3):281-90.
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Shepherd JA, Gruner SM. Comment on "A Monte Carlo study of x-ray fluorescence in x-ray detectors" [Med. Phys. 26, 905-916 (1999)]. Med Phys. 1999 Dec; 26(12):2706-7.
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Shepherd JA, Prevrhal S. Reporting of bone mineral density values as T-scores or Z-scores: comment on the article by Sowers et al. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Nov; 42(11):2497.
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