Anita Sil, MD, PhD

Title(s)Professor, Microbiology and Immunology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address513 Parnassus Ave, MSB
San Francisco CA 94117
Phone415-502-4810
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)Howard Hughes Investigator


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    University of California, San FranciscoM.D.1998 Medicine
    University of California, San FranciscoPh.D.1996 Graduate Division (Biochemistry)

    Collapse Overview 

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Evolutionary multispecies transcriptomics to reveal genes that govern fungal spore germination and pathogenesis
    NIH R01AI146584May 16, 2019 - Apr 30, 2024
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Using Genetics and Genomics to Dissect Coccidioides Spherulation
    NIH R21AI144855Feb 1, 2019 - Jan 31, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Elucidating the mechanism of macrophage death during infection with the AIDS-associated opportunistic pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum
    NIH R01AI136735Jul 10, 2018 - Jun 30, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Proteomics Analysis of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Histoplasma
    NIH R21AI122064Dec 15, 2015 - Nov 30, 2017
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Natural products from a human-asssociated fungal pathogen
    NIH R21AI101722Jul 1, 2012 - Jun 30, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Molecular dissection of Histoplasma-induced host-cell death
    NIH R01AI093640Apr 15, 2012 - Mar 31, 2016
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Pacific Southwest RCE for Biodefense & Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
    NIH U54AI065359May 20, 2005 - Apr 30, 2015
    Role: Co-Investigator
    Gene circuits that control morphology in Histoplasma
    NIH R37AI066224May 15, 2005 - Apr 30, 2025
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Gene circuits that control morphology in Histoplasma
    NIH R01AI066224May 15, 2005 - Apr 30, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Intracellular pathogens and innate immunity
    NIH P01AI063302Sep 30, 2004 - Jun 30, 2021
    Role: Co-Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Cbp1, a fungal virulence factor under positive selection, forms an effector complex that drives macrophage lysis. PLoS Pathog. 2022 06; 18(6):e1010417. Azimova D, Herrera N, Duvenage L, Voorhies M, Rodriguez RA, English BC, Hoving JC, Rosenberg O, Sil A. PMID: 35731824; PMCID: PMC9255746.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    2. COVID-19-Associated Lung Microvascular Endotheliopathy: A "From the Bench" Perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Jun 01. Joffre J, Rodriguez L, Matthay ZA, Lloyd E, Fields AT, Bainton RJ, Kurien P, Sil A, Calfee CS, Woodruff PG, Erle DJ, Hendrickson C, Krummel MF, Langelier CR, Matthay MA, Kornblith LZ, Hellman J, COMET consortium and the Co-ACIT Study Group . PMID: 35649173.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Immediate myeloid depot for SARS-CoV-2 in the human lung. Res Sq. 2022 May 17. Looney M, Magnen M, You R, Rao A, Davis R, Rodriguez L, Simoneau C, Hysenaj L, Hu K, Love C, Woodruff P, Erle D, Hendrickson C, Calfee C, Matthay M, Roose J, Sil A, Ott M, Langelier C, Krummel M. PMID: 35611333; PMCID: PMC9128787.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    4. Immediate myeloid depot for SARS-CoV-2 in the human lung. bioRxiv. 2022 May 11. Magnen M, You R, Rao AA, Davis RT, Rodriguez L, Simoneau CR, Hysenaj L, Hu KH, UCSF COMET Consortium, Love C, Woodruff PG, Erle DJ, Hendrickson CM, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Roose JP, Sil A, Ott M, Langelier CR, Krummel MF, Looney MR. PMID: 35592107; PMCID: PMC9119017.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    5. The WOPR family protein Ryp1 is a key regulator of gene expression, development, and virulence in the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen Coccidioides posadasii. PLoS Pathog. 2022 04; 18(4):e1009832. Mandel MA, Beyhan S, Voorhies M, Shubitz LF, Galgiani JN, Orbach MJ, Sil A. PMID: 35385558; PMCID: PMC9015156.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    6. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of a Human Fungal Pathogen Reveals Synteny among Geographically Distinct Species. mBio. 2022 Jan 04; e0257421. Voorhies M, Cohen S, Shea TP, Petrus S, Muñoz JF, Poplawski S, Goldman WE, Michael TP, Cuomo CA, Sil A, Beyhan S. PMID: 35089059; PMCID: PMC8725592.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    7. SARS-CoV-2 infection studies in lung organoids identify TSPAN8 as novel mediator. bioRxiv. 2021 Jun 02. Hysenaj L, Little S, Kulhanek K, Gbenedio OM, Rodriguez L, Shen A, Lone JC, Lupin-Jimenez LC, Bonser LR, Serwas NK, Bahl K, Mick E, Li JZ, Ding VW, Matsumoto S, Maishan M, Simoneau C, Fragiadakis G, Jablons DM, Langelier CR, Matthay M, Ott M, Krummel M, Combes AJ, Sil A, Erle DJ, Kratz JR, Roose JP. PMID: 34100012; PMCID: PMC8183007.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    8. Protomer alignment modulates specificity of RNA substrate recognition by Ire1. Elife. 2021 04 27; 10. Li W, Crotty K, Garrido Ruiz D, Voorhies M, Rivera C, Sil A, Mullins RD, Jacobson MP, Peschek J, Walter P. PMID: 33904404; PMCID: PMC8104961.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    9. Correction: Genome-Wide Reprogramming of Transcript Architecture by Temperature Specifies the Developmental States of the Human Pathogen Histoplasma. PLoS Genet. 2021 Apr; 17(4):e1009509. Gilmore SA, Voorhies M, Gebhart D, Sil A. PMID: 33826622; PMCID: PMC8026040.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    10. Genetic Screens Identify Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 and Common Cold Coronaviruses. Cell. 2021 01 07; 184(1):106-119.e14. Wang R, Simoneau CR, Kulsuptrakul J, Bouhaddou M, Travisano KA, Hayashi JM, Carlson-Stevermer J, Zengel JR, Richards CM, Fozouni P, Oki J, Rodriguez L, Joehnk B, Walcott K, Holden K, Sil A, Carette JE, Krogan NJ, Ott M, Puschnik AS. PMID: 33333024; PMCID: PMC7723770.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 110     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    11. Amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 with CRISPR-Cas13a and mobile phone microscopy. Cell. 2021 01 21; 184(2):323-333.e9. Fozouni P, Son S, Díaz de León Derby M, Knott GJ, Gray CN, D'Ambrosio MV, Zhao C, Switz NA, Kumar GR, Stephens SI, Boehm D, Tsou CL, Shu J, Bhuiya A, Armstrong M, Harris AR, Chen PY, Osterloh JM, Meyer-Franke A, Joehnk B, Walcott K, Sil A, Langelier C, Pollard KS, Crawford ED, Puschnik AS, Phelps M, Kistler A, DeRisi JL, Doudna JA, Fletcher DA, Ott M. PMID: 33306959; PMCID: PMC7834310.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 117     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    12. Recurrent Loss of abaA, a Master Regulator of Asexual Development in Filamentous Fungi, Correlates with Changes in Genomic and Morphological Traits. Genome Biol Evol. 2020 07 01; 12(7):1119-1130. Mead ME, Borowsky AT, Joehnk B, Steenwyk JL, Shen XX, Sil A, Rokas A. PMID: 32442273; PMCID: PMC7531577.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    13. Sensing the heat and the host: Virulence determinants of Histoplasma capsulatum. Virulence. 2019 12; 10(1):793-800. Beyhan S, Sil A. PMID: 31560240; PMCID: PMC6768255.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    14. Molecular regulation of Histoplasma dimorphism. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2019 12; 52:151-157. Sil A. PMID: 31739263; PMCID: PMC6910920.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    15. Opposing signaling pathways regulate morphology in response to temperature in the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. PLoS Biol. 2019 09; 17(9):e3000168. Rodriguez L, Voorhies M, Gilmore S, Beyhan S, Myint A, Sil A. PMID: 31568523; PMCID: PMC6786654.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    16. The transcription factor CHOP, an effector of the integrated stress response, is required for host sensitivity to the fungal intracellular pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Sep; 13(9):e1006589. English BC, Van Prooyen N, Örd T, Örd T, Sil A. PMID: 28953979; PMCID: PMC5633207.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    17. CD103+ Conventional Dendritic Cells Are Critical for TLR7/9-Dependent Host Defense against Histoplasma capsulatum, an Endemic Fungal Pathogen of Humans. PLoS Pathog. 2016 07; 12(7):e1005749. Van Prooyen N, Henderson CA, Hocking Murray D, Sil A. PMID: 27459510; PMCID: PMC4961300.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    18. Macrophage cell death and transcriptional response are actively triggered by the fungal virulence factor Cbp1 during H. capsulatum infection. Mol Microbiol. 2015 Dec; 98(5):910-929. Isaac DT, Berkes CA, English BC, Murray DH, Lee YN, Coady A, Sil A. PMID: 26288377; PMCID: PMC5002445.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    19. Genome-Wide Reprogramming of Transcript Architecture by Temperature Specifies the Developmental States of the Human Pathogen Histoplasma. PLoS Genet. 2015 Jul; 11(7):e1005395. Gilmore SA, Voorhies M, Gebhart D, Sil A. PMID: 26177267; PMCID: PMC4503680.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    20. MyD88-dependent signaling drives host survival and early cytokine production during Histoplasma capsulatum infection. Infect Immun. 2015 Apr; 83(4):1265-75. Coady A, Sil A. PMID: 25583527; PMCID: PMC4363404.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    21. Thermally Dimorphic Human Fungal Pathogens--Polyphyletic Pathogens with a Convergent Pathogenicity Trait. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014 Nov 10; 5(8):a019794. Sil A, Andrianopoulos A. PMID: 25384771; PMCID: PMC4526722.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    22. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) triggers a rapid, temperature-responsive morphogenetic program in thermally dimorphic fungi. PLoS Genet. 2013; 9(9):e1003799. Gilmore SA, Naseem S, Konopka JB, Sil A. PMID: 24068964; PMCID: PMC3778022.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCellsPHPublic Health
    23. A temperature-responsive network links cell shape and virulence traits in a primary fungal pathogen. PLoS Biol. 2013 Jul; 11(7):e1001614. Beyhan S, Gutierrez M, Voorhies M, Sil A. PMID: 23935449; PMCID: PMC3720256.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 59     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    24. Comparative transcriptomics of infectious spores from the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum reveals a core set of transcripts that specify infectious and pathogenic states. Eukaryot Cell. 2013 Jun; 12(6):828-52. Inglis DO, Voorhies M, Hocking Murray DR, Sil A. PMID: 23563482; PMCID: PMC3675998.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    25. The 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase HCL1 is required for macrophage colonization by human fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Infect Immun. 2013 Feb; 81(2):411-20. Isaac DT, Coady A, Van Prooyen N, Sil A. PMID: 23184522; PMCID: PMC3553812.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    26. Mouse models for the study of fungal pneumonia: a collection of detailed experimental protocols for the study of Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Histoplasma and combined infection due to Aspergillus-Rhizopus. Virulence. 2012 May 01; 3(3):329-38. Muhammed M, Feldmesser M, Shubitz LF, Lionakis MS, Sil A, Wang Y, Glavis-Bloom J, Lewis RE, Galgiani JN, Casadevall A, Kontoyiannis DP, Mylonakis E. PMID: 22546902; PMCID: PMC3442846.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    27. SRE1 regulates iron-dependent and -independent pathways in the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Eukaryot Cell. 2012 Jan; 11(1):16-25. Hwang LH, Seth E, Gilmore SA, Sil A. PMID: 22117028; PMCID: PMC3255934.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    28. A conserved transcriptional regulator governs fungal morphology in widely diverged species. Genetics. 2012 Feb; 190(2):511-21. Cain CW, Lohse MB, Homann OR, Sil A, Johnson AD. PMID: 22095082; PMCID: PMC3276625.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    29. Experimental annotation of the human pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum transcribed regions using high-resolution tiling arrays. BMC Microbiol. 2011 Sep 29; 11:216. Voorhies M, Foo CK, Sil A. PMID: 21958208; PMCID: PMC3207942.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    30. Conidia but not yeast cells of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum trigger a type I interferon innate immune response in murine macrophages. Infect Immun. 2010 Sep; 78(9):3871-82. Inglis DO, Berkes CA, Hocking Murray DR, Sil A. PMID: 20605974; PMCID: PMC2937464.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    31. Conserved factors Ryp2 and Ryp3 control cell morphology and infectious spore formation in the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 23; 105(38):14573-8. Webster RH, Sil A. PMID: 18791067; PMCID: PMC2567189.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 63     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    32. Histoplasma requires SID1, a member of an iron-regulated siderophore gene cluster, for host colonization. PLoS Pathog. 2008 Apr 11; 4(4):e1000044. Hwang LH, Mayfield JA, Rine J, Sil A. PMID: 18404210; PMCID: PMC2275787.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 61     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    33. Temperature-induced switch to the pathogenic yeast form of Histoplasma capsulatum requires Ryp1, a conserved transcriptional regulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 25; 105(12):4880-5. Nguyen VQ, Sil A. PMID: 18339808; PMCID: PMC2290814.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 101     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    34. Evolution of the mating type locus: insights gained from the dimorphic primary fungal pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii. Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Apr; 6(4):622-9. Fraser JA, Stajich JE, Tarcha EJ, Cole GT, Inglis DO, Sil A, Heitman J. PMID: 17337636; PMCID: PMC1865663.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 48     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    35. Identification of a copper-inducible promoter for use in ectopic expression in the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Jun; 5(6):935-44. Gebhart D, Bahrami AK, Sil A. PMID: 16757741; PMCID: PMC1489277.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    36. Identification of Histoplasma capsulatum transcripts induced in response to reactive nitrogen species. Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Oct; 16(10):4792-813. Nittler MP, Hocking-Murray D, Foo CK, Sil A. PMID: 16030248; PMCID: PMC1237084.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    37. Identifying phase-specific genes in the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum using a genomic shotgun microarray. Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Jun; 14(6):2314-26. Hwang L, Hocking-Murray D, Bahrami AK, Andersson M, Rine J, Sil A. PMID: 12808032; PMCID: PMC194881.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 55     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    38. Vectors allowing amplified expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gal3p-Gal80p-Gal4p transcription switch: applications to galactose-regulated high-level production of proteins. Protein Expr Purif. 2000 Mar; 18(2):202-12. Sil AK, Xin P, Hopper JE. PMID: 10686151.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    39. The Gal3p-Gal80p-Gal4p transcription switch of yeast: Gal3p destabilizes the Gal80p-Gal4p complex in response to galactose and ATP. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Nov; 19(11):7828-40. Sil AK, Alam S, Xin P, Ma L, Morgan M, Lebo CM, Woods MP, Hopper JE. PMID: 10523671; PMCID: PMC84853.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    40. Actin-dependent localization of an RNA encoding a cell-fate determinant in yeast. Nature. 1997 Sep 04; 389(6646):90-3. Takizawa PA, Sil A, Swedlow JR, Herskowitz I, Vale RD. PMID: 9288973.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 151     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    41. Identification of asymmetrically localized determinant, Ash1p, required for lineage-specific transcription of the yeast HO gene. Cell. 1996 Mar 08; 84(5):711-22. Sil A, Herskowitz I. PMID: 8625409.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 113     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    42. Amino acid substitutions in the structured domains of histones H3 and H4 partially relieve the requirement of the yeast SWI/SNF complex for transcription. Genes Dev. 1995 Nov 15; 9(22):2770-9. Kruger W, Peterson CL, Sil A, Coburn C, Arents G, Moudrianakis EN, Herskowitz I. PMID: 7590252.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 109     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    43. Retroviral integration into minichromosomes in vitro. EMBO J. 1992 Jan; 11(1):291-303. Pryciak PM, Sil A, Varmus HE. PMID: 1310932; PMCID: PMC556450.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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