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Bruce Cree, MD, PhD, MAS

Photo of Bruce Cree, MD, PhD, MAS
Title(s)Professor, Neurology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address675 Nelson Rising Lane, #221C
San Francisco CA 94158
Phone415-353-2120
PronounsHe/Him/His
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0001-7689-2533 Additional info
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)George A. Zimmermann Endowed Professor in Multiple Sclerosis

    Title(s)UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    University of California, San FranciscoM.D.1997 Medicine
    University of California, San FranciscoPh.D.1995 Graduate Division (Biochemistry)
    University of California, San FranciscoM.A.S.2004Clinical Research
    University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA2022Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training
    Collapse awards and honors
    National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Northern California Chapter 2006Community Service Award
    UCSF, Department of Neurology2009Robert B. Layzer Award for Resident Teaching
    UCSF, School of Medicine2018George A. Zimmermann Endowed Professor in Multiple Sclerosis

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    Bruce Cree, MD, PhD, MAS is a Professor of Clinical Neurology and is the George A. Zimmermann Endowed Professor in Multiple Sclerosis in the Department of Neurology at the University of California San Francisco. Dr. Cree completed his MD and PhD in Biochemistry at UCSF. His neurology residency training was at Columbia University. He returned to UCSF for a Sylvia Lawry National Multiple Sclerosis Society fellowship and received a Masters in Advanced Studies in Clinical Research. He is the Clinical Research Director at the UCSF MS Center. He divides his time between patient care, clinical research and teaching. His research focuses on the genetic epidemiology of multiple sclerosis, understanding factors that contribute to disease progression and developing novel therapies for MS through clinical trials. In addition to multiple sclerosis, Dr. Cree specializes in research and care of patients with neuromyelitis optica and transverse myelitis.
    Collapse Academic Senate

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    Correlating Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypes with Genotypes
    NIH K23NS048869Aug 19, 2005 - Nov 30, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Clinical Trials

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Correction: The Evolution of Anti‑CD20 Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis: Optimization of Antibody Characteristics and Function. CNS Drugs. 2025 Jul; 39(7):721-724. Cree BAC, Berger JR, Greenberg B. PMID: 40332733; PMCID: PMC12165902.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. The Evolution of Anti-CD20 Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis: Optimization of Antibody Characteristics and Function. CNS Drugs. 2025 Jun; 39(6):545-564. Cree BAC, Berger JR, Greenberg B. PMID: 40180777; PMCID: PMC12058931.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    3. Safety and efficacy of inebilizumab for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: end-of-study results from the open-label period of the N-MOmentum trial. Lancet Neurol. 2024 Jun; 23(6):588-602. Cree BAC, Kim HJ, Weinshenker BG, Pittock SJ, Wingerchuk DM, Fujihara K, Paul F, Cutter GR, Marignier R, Green AJ, Aktas O, Hartung HP, She D, Rees W, Smith M, Cimbora D, Katz E, Bennett JL, N-MOmentum study investigators. PMID: 38760098.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    4. Serum neurofilament light chain levels at attack predict post-attack disability worsening and are mitigated by inebilizumab: analysis of four potential biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2023 09; 94(9):757-768. Aktas O, Hartung HP, Smith MA, Rees WA, Fujihara K, Paul F, Marignier R, Bennett JL, Kim HJ, Weinshenker BG, Pittock SJ, Wingerchuk DM, Cutter G, She D, Gunsior M, Cimbora D, Katz E, Cree BA, N-MOmentum study investigators. PMID: 37221052; PMCID: PMC10447388.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Letter to the Editor Regarding "Network Meta-analysis of Food and Drug Administration-approved Treatment Options for Adults with Aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G-positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder". Neurol Ther. 2022 Sep; 11(3):1439-1443. Cree BAC, Greenberg B, Cameron C, Weinshenker BG. PMID: 35779190; PMCID: PMC9338188.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    6. Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights. Neurology. 2021 08 24; 97(8):378-388. Cree BAC, Arnold DL, Chataway J, Chitnis T, Fox RJ, Pozo Ramajo A, Murphy N, Lassmann H. PMID: 34088878; PMCID: PMC8397587.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 97     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab vs interferon beta-1a in participants of African descent with relapsing multiple sclerosis in the Phase III OPERA I and OPERA II studies. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Jul; 52:103010. Cree BAC, Pradhan A, Pei J, Williams MJ, OPERA I and OPERA II clinical investigators. PMID: 34147885.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    8. Ozanimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis: Pooled safety results from the clinical development program. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Jun; 51:102844. Selmaj KW, Cohen JA, Comi G, Bar-Or A, Arnold DL, Steinman L, Hartung HP, Montalban X, Havrdova EK, Cree BAC, Minton N, Sheffield JK, Ding N, Kappos L. PMID: 33892317.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Effect of Ozanimod on Symbol Digit Modalities Test Performance in Relapsing MS. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Feb; 48:102673. DeLuca J, Schippling S, Montalban X, Kappos L, Cree BAC, Comi G, Arnold DL, Hartung HP, Sheffield JK, Liu H, Silva D, Cohen JA. PMID: 33454584.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    10. An electronic, unsupervised patient-reported Expanded Disability Status Scale for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2021 08; 27(9):1432-1441. Romeo AR, Rowles WM, Schleimer ES, Barba P, Hsu WY, Gomez R, Santaniello A, Zhao C, Pearce JR, Jones JB, Cree BC, Hauser SL, Gelfand JM, Stewart WF, Goodin DS, Bove RM. PMID: 33236967; PMCID: PMC8144241.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Safety and efficacy of MD1003 (high-dose biotin) in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (SPI2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020 12; 19(12):988-997. Cree BAC, Cutter G, Wolinsky JS, Freedman MS, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Hartung HP, Arnold D, Kuhle J, Block V, Munschauer FE, Sedel F, Lublin FD, SPI2 investigative teams. PMID: 33222767.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    12. Switching to fingolimod in PREFERMS: Effect of treatment history and naïvety on clinical, MRI and treatment satisfaction outcomes✰. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Oct; 45:102346. Hunter SF, Thomas FP, Cascione M, Williams IM, Meng X, Schofield L, Weiss JL, Tenenbaum N, Cree BAC, PREFERMS investigators. PMID: 32717684.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Inebilizumab for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (N-MOmentum): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial. Lancet. 2019 10 12; 394(10206):1352-1363. Cree BAC, Bennett JL, Kim HJ, Weinshenker BG, Pittock SJ, Wingerchuk DM, Fujihara K, Paul F, Cutter GR, Marignier R, Green AJ, Aktas O, Hartung HP, Lublin FD, Drappa J, Barron G, Madani S, Ratchford JN, She D, Cimbora D, Katz E, N-MOmentum study investigators. PMID: 31495497.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 286     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    14. Treatment retention on fingolimod compared with injectable multiple sclerosis therapies in African-American patients: A subgroup analysis of a randomized phase 4 study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Oct; 25:50-56. Cascione M, Tenenbaum N, Wendt J, Meng X, Schofield L, Cree BAC, PREFERMS investigators. PMID: 30036854.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    15. Genome sequencing uncovers phenocopies in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2018 07; 84(1):51-63. Jia X, Madireddy L, Caillier S, Santaniello A, Esposito F, Comi G, Stuve O, Zhou Y, Taylor B, Kilpatrick T, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Cree BAC, Oksenberg JR, Hauser SL, Baranzini SE. PMID: 29908077; PMCID: PMC6119489.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Multiple Sclerosis Therapy: Are We Ready for a One-Size-Fits-All Approach? J Neuroophthalmol. 2018 06; 38(2):258-262. Cree BAC. PMID: 29750736.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Phase IV study of retention on fingolimod versus injectable multiple sclerosis therapies: a randomized clinical trial. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2018; 11:1756286418774338. Cree BAC, Arnold DL, Cascione M, Fox EJ, Williams IM, Meng X, Schofield L, Tenenbaum N. PMID: 29844796; PMCID: PMC5964857.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13  
    18. Comprehensive systematic review summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018 04 24; 90(17):789-800. Rae-Grant A, Day GS, Marrie RA, Rabinstein A, Cree BAC, Gronseth GS, Haboubi M, Halper J, Hosey JP, Jones DE, Lisak R, Pelletier D, Potrebic S, Sitcov C, Sommers R, Stachowiak J, Getchius TSD, Merillat SA, Pringsheim T. PMID: 29686117.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 59     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Practice guideline recommendations summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018 04 24; 90(17):777-788. Rae-Grant A, Day GS, Marrie RA, Rabinstein A, Cree BAC, Gronseth GS, Haboubi M, Halper J, Hosey JP, Jones DE, Lisak R, Pelletier D, Potrebic S, Sitcov C, Sommers R, Stachowiak J, Getchius TSD, Merillat SA, Pringsheim T. PMID: 29686116.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 226     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment. Neurology. 2018 05 15; 90(20):e1815-e1821. Berger JR, Cree BA, Greenberg B, Hemmer B, Ward BJ, Dong VM, Merschhemke M. PMID: 29669908; PMCID: PMC5957303.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 68     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Long-term evolution of multiple sclerosis disability in the treatment era. Ann Neurol. 2016 10; 80(4):499-510. University of California, San Francisco MS-EPIC Team:, Cree BA, Gourraud PA, Oksenberg JR, Bevan C, Crabtree-Hartman E, Gelfand JM, Goodin DS, Graves J, Green AJ, Mowry E, Okuda DT, Pelletier D, von Büdingen HC, Zamvil SS, Agrawal A, Caillier S, Ciocca C, Gomez R, Kanner R, Lincoln R, Lizee A, Qualley P, Santaniello A, Suleiman L, Bucci M, Panara V, Papinutto N, Stern WA, Zhu AH, Cutter GR, Baranzini S, Henry RG, Hauser SL. PMID: 27464262; PMCID: PMC5105678.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 172     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Placebo-controlled study in neuromyelitis optica-Ethical and design considerations. Mult Scler. 2016 06; 22(7):862-72. Cree BA, Bennett JL, Sheehan M, Cohen J, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Kim HJ, Paul F, Pittock S, Weinshenker B, Wingerchuk D, Fujihara K, Cutter G, Patra K, Flor A, Barron G, Madani S, Ratchford JN, Katz E. PMID: 26666258; PMCID: PMC4904355.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Placebo controlled trials in neuromyelitis optica are needed and ethical. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2015 Nov; 4(6):536-45. Cree BA. PMID: 26590660.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Impact of a switch to fingolimod versus staying on glatiramer acetate or beta interferons on patient- and physician-reported outcomes in relapsing multiple sclerosis: post hoc analyses of the EPOC trial. BMC Neurol. 2014 Nov 26; 14:220. Calkwood J, Cree B, Crayton H, Kantor D, Steingo B, Barbato L, Hashmonay R, Agashivala N, McCague K, Tenenbaum N, Edwards K. PMID: 25424122; PMCID: PMC4253981.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Genetics of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 122:211-30. Cree BA. PMID: 24507520.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    26. Acute inflammatory myelopathies. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 122:613-67. Cree BA. PMID: 24507538.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    27. Multiple sclerosis genetics. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 122:193-209. Cree BA. PMID: 24507519.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    28. Update on reproductive safety of current and emerging disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2013 Jun; 19(7):835-43. Cree BA. PMID: 23319073.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Efficacy of natalizumab therapy in patients of African descent with relapsing multiple sclerosis: analysis of AFFIRM and SENTINEL data. Arch Neurol. 2011 Apr; 68(4):464-8. Cree BA, Stuart WH, Tornatore CS, Jeffery DR, Pace AL, Cha CH. PMID: 21482925.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    30. Pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010 Aug; 68(2):145-50. Cree BA, Kornyeyeva E, Goodin DS. PMID: 20695007.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. A major histocompatibility Class I locus contributes to multiple sclerosis susceptibility independently from HLA-DRB1*15:01. PLoS One. 2010 Jun 25; 5(6):e11296. Cree BA, Rioux JD, McCauley JL, Gourraud PA, Goyette P, McElroy J, De Jager P, Santaniello A, Vyse TJ, Gregersen PK, Mirel D, Hafler DA, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Compston A, Sawcer SJ, Oksenberg JR, Hauser SL, IMAGEN, IMSGC. PMID: 20593013; PMCID: PMC2892470.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Multiple sclerosis susceptibility alleles in African Americans. Genes Immun. 2010 Jun; 11(4):343-50. Johnson BA, Wang J, Taylor EM, Caillier SJ, Herbert J, Khan OA, Cross AH, De Jager PL, Gourraud PA, Cree BC, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR. PMID: 19865102; PMCID: PMC2880217.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 57     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Modification of Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypes by African Ancestry at HLA. Arch Neurol. 2009 Feb; 66(2):226-33. Cree BA, Reich DE, Khan O, De Jager PL, Nakashima I, Takahashi T, Bar-Or A, Tong C, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR. PMID: 19204159; PMCID: PMC4334456.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Neuromyelitis optica: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2008 Sep; 8(5):427-33. Cree B. PMID: 18713580.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    35. Heterogeneity at the HLA-DRB1 locus and risk for multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Sep 15; 15(18):2813-24. Barcellos LF, Sawcer S, Ramsay PP, Baranzini SE, Thomson G, Briggs F, Cree BC, Begovich AB, Villoslada P, Montalban X, Uccelli A, Savettieri G, Lincoln RR, DeLoa C, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Compston A, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR. PMID: 16905561.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 128     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    36. A fatal case of coxsackievirus B4 meningoencephalitis. Arch Neurol. 2003 Jan; 60(1):107-12. Cree BC, Bernardini GL, Hays AP, Lowe G. PMID: 12533096.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    37. Approved and future pharmacotherapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurologist. 2002 Sep; 8(5):290-301. Stüve O, Cree BC, von Büdingen HC, Yousef S, Bowen JD, Genain CP, Hauser SL, Steinman L, Zamvil SS. PMID: 12803676.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    
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