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Kai Ihnken, MD

Title(s)Associate Professor, Surgery
SchoolSchool of Medicine
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, GermanyMD1989
    J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, GermanySurgery, CT-surgery residency1991
    University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CACT-surgery research fellowship1993
    J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, GermanyCT-surgery residency1995
    Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, GermanyCT-surgery residency1996
    Stanford University, StanfordGeneral Surgery2001Surgery
    Stanford University, StanfordCardiothoracic surgery2004Cardiothoracic surgery
    Cedars-Sinai, Los AngelesCardiothoracic transplantation2015Cardiothoracic transplantation and mechanical assist
    University of California, San Francisco, CA2019Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    Justus-Liebig University1989Medical school graduation (summa cum laude)
    Johann Wolfgang Goethe University1991Doctoral thesis (magna cum laude)
    American Heart Association1992Young Investigators Award
    American College of Angiology1993Young Investigators Award
    European Society for Cardiovascular Surgery1994Dos Santos Award
    American College of Angiology1995Young Investigators Award
    German Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery1997Ernst-Derra-Price, Annual award for most outstanding research
    Stanford University2001Outstanding Achievement Award
    California State Senate2006Certificate of Recognition
    Santa Clara Valley Medical Center2007Customer Service Award
    Santa Clara Valley Medical Center2008Customer Service Award
    PatientsChoice.org2011The compassionate Doctor Award

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Woodard GA, Lee H, Fels Elliott DR, Jones KD, Wong J, Jablons DM, Ihnken K. Case report: recurrent metastatic breast cancer in internal mammary dissection bed discovered at the time of coronary bypass. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019 Sep 05; 14(1):158. PMID: 31488186.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Ihnken KA, Ramzy D, Esmailian F, Trento A, Arabía FA. Surgical Technique to Facilitate Explantation of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices: LVADs, BiVADs, and TAHs Before Heart Transplantation. ASAIO J. 2016 Mar-Apr; 62(2):211-3. PMID: 26692405.
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    3. Reich H, Ramzy D, Czer L, Esmailian F, Moriguchi J, Ihnken K, Yusufali T, D'Attellis N, Arabia F, Annamalai A. Hemodynamic Consequences of Laparoscopy for Patients on Mechanical Circulatory Support. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2015 Dec; 25(12):999-1004. PMID: 26523797.
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    4. Ruzza A, Czer LS, Ihnken KA, Sasevich M, Trento A, Ramzy D, Esmailian F, Moriguchi J, Kobashigawa J, Arabia F. Combined heart-kidney transplantation after total artificial heart insertion. Transplant Proc. 2015 Jan-Feb; 47(1):210-2. PMID: 25596961.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Singh SK, Ihnken KA. Intraoperative fluorescence angiography to identify and confirm repair of intramyocardial left anterior descending coronary artery aneurysm. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010 Oct; 90(4):e62. PMID: 20868784.
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    6. Timek T, Ihnken K. Surgical therapy for heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2007 Mar; 5(2):251-63. PMID: 17338670.
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    7. Verhoye JP, Sze DY, Ihnken K, Hellinger JC, Robbins RR, Dake MD. Virtual angioscopy in type-A dissection: ascending aortic stent-graft repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Jul; 82(1):347. PMID: 16798255.
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    8. Ihnken K, Fann JI, Burdon TA, Johnson FL, Kosek JC, Shumway NE. Chronic mitral valve rejection requiring replacement in a nine-year-old allograft. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Nov; 80(5):1909-11. PMID: 16242482.
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    9. Verhoye JP, Levin JM, Ihnken K, Miller DC. Computed tomography angiographic demonstration of a ventricular septal defect. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004 Nov; 26(5):1037. PMID: 15519200.
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    10. van der Starre P, Guta C, Dake M, Ihnken K, Robbins R. The value of transesophageal echocardiography for endovascular graft stenting of the ascending aorta. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004 Aug; 18(4):466-8. PMID: 15365930.
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    11. Ihnken K, Sze D, Dake MD, Fleischmann D, Van der Starre P, Robbins R. Successful treatment of a Stanford type A dissection by percutaneous placement of a covered stent graft in the ascending aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Jun; 127(6):1808-10. PMID: 15173740.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Nathanson M, Ihnken K. Beyond complete myocardial revascularization: is it important and does it matter? J Card Surg. 2003 Jan-Feb; 18(1):81-91. PMID: 12696770.
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    13. Ihnken K, Wildhirt S, Ihnken O, Hill B, Meier A, Zarins C, Reitz B. Skeletal muscle reperfusion injury: reversal by controlled limb reperfusion--a case report. Vasc Surg. 2001 Mar-Apr; 35(2):149-55. PMID: 11668385.
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    14. Nathanson M, Ihnken K. Transmyocardial laser channeling, coronary artery bypass, statistical analyses, and their interpretations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Mar; 121(3):601-3. PMID: 11241109.
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    15. Volpe A, Willert J, Ihnken K, Treynor E, Moss RL. Metastatic appendiceal carcinoid tumor in a child. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000 Mar; 34(3):218-20. PMID: 10696132.
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    16. Ihnken K. Myocardial protection in hypoxic immature hearts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000 Feb; 48(1):46-54. PMID: 10757161.
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    17. Wildhirt SM, Weis M, Schulze C, Conrad N, Rieder G, Enders G, Ihnken K, von Scheidt W, Reichart B. Effects of Celsior and University of Wisconsin preservation solutions on hemodynamics and endothelial function after cardiac transplantation in humans: a single-center, prospective, randomized trial. Transpl Int. 2000; 13 Suppl 1:S203-11. PMID: 11111997.
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    18. Faul JL, Wahl T, Ihnken K, Berry GJ, Doyle RL, Whyte RI. Superior vena cava syndrome caused by pulmonary artery sarcoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999 Oct; 118(4):749-50. PMID: 10504645.
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    19. Ihnken K, Winkler A, Schlensak C, Sarai K, Neidhart G, Unkelbach U, Mülsch A, Sewell A. Normoxic cardiopulmonary bypass reduces oxidative myocardial damage and nitric oxide during cardiac operations in the adult. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998 Aug; 116(2):327-34. PMID: 9699587.
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    20. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD. Delayed cardioplegic reoxygenation reduces reoxygenation injury in cyanotic immature hearts. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998 Jul; 66(1):177-82. PMID: 9692460.
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    21. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Ihnken O, Winkelmann B, Sherman M. Prevention of reoxygenation injury in hypoxaemic immature hearts by priming the extracorporeal circuit with antioxidants. Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Dec; 5(6):608-19. PMID: 9423947.
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    22. Ihnken K. Hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass causes reoxygenation injury and lipid peroxidation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Aug; 114(2):304-6. PMID: 9270661.
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    23. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Winkelmann B, Schmitt M, Ignarro LJ, Sherman MP. Nitric-oxide-induced reoxygenation injury in the cyanotic immature heart is prevented by controlling oxygen content during initial reoxygenation. Angiology. 1997 Mar; 48(3):189-202. PMID: 9071194.
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    24. Winkelmann BR, Nauck M, Klein B, Russ AP, Böhm BO, Siekmeier R, Ihnken K, Verho M, Gross W, März W. Deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene is associated with increased plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity but not with increased risk for myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Jul 01; 125(1):19-25. PMID: 8644984.
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    25. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Ignarro LJ. Oxidative insult associated with hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass in the infantile heart and lung. Jpn Circ J. 1996 Jun; 60(6):355-63. PMID: 8844302.
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    26. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Sherman MP, Ignarro LJ. Pulmonary vasoconstriction due to impaired nitric oxide production after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996 Jun; 61(6):1775-80. PMID: 8651783.
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    27. Ihnken K, Beyersdorf F, Winkelmann BR, Mitrev Z, Unkelbach U. Experimental application of controlled limb reperfusion after incomplete ischaemia. Br J Surg. 1996 Jun; 83(6):803-9. PMID: 8696746.
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    28. Beyersdorf F, Mitrev Z, Ihnken K, Schmiedt W, Sarai K, Eckel L, Friesewinkel O, Matheis G, Buckberg GD. Controlled limb reperfusion in patients having cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996 Apr; 111(4):873-81. PMID: 8614149.
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    29. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Winkelmann B, Beyersdorf F, Sherman MP. Reduced oxygen tension during cardiopulmonary bypass limits myocardial damage in acute hypoxic immature piglet hearts. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1996; 10(12):1127-34; discussion 1135. PMID: 10369649.
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    30. Mitrev Z, Ihnken K, Poloczek Y, Hallmann R, Herold H, Unkelbach U, Zimmer G, Freisleben HJ, Beyersdorf S, Beyersdorf F. [Controlled reperfusion of the extremities for preventing local and systemic damage after prolonged ischemia. An experimental study with the swine model]. Zentralbl Chir. 1996; 121(9):774-87. PMID: 9012238.
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    31. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Matheis G, Sherman MP, Allen BS, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. II. Evidence for reoxygenation damage. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1171-81. PMID: 7475168.
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    32. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Winkelmann B, Young HH, Beyersdorf F. Controlling oxygen content during cardiopulmonary bypass to limit reperfusion/reoxygenation injury. Transplant Proc. 1995 Oct; 27(5):2809-11. PMID: 7482924.
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    33. Ihnken K, Beyersdorf F, Winkelmann B, Unkelbach U. Reperfusion syndrome in skeletal muscle after prolonged incomplete ischemia: reduction by controlled limb reperfusion. Transplant Proc. 1995 Oct; 27(5):2806-8. PMID: 7482923.
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    34. Morita K, Sherman MP, Buckberg GD, Ihnken K, Matheis G, Young HH, Ignarro LJ. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. V. Role of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway: the nitric oxide paradox. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1200-11. PMID: 7475171.
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    35. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. VII. Counteraction of oxidant damage by exogenous antioxidants: coenzyme Q10. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1221-7. PMID: 7475173.
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    36. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Sherman MP, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. IV. Role of the iron-catalyzed pathway: deferoxamine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1190-9. PMID: 7475170.
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    37. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Matheis G, Sherman MP, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. VIII. Counteraction of oxidant damage by exogenous glutamate and aspartate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1228-34. PMID: 7475174.
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    38. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Sherman MP, Ignarro LJ, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: with aortic clamping. XIII. Interaction between oxygen tension and cardioplegic composition in limiting nitric oxide production and oxidant damage. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1274-86. PMID: 7475179.
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    39. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Matheis G, Sherman MP, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: with aortic clamping. X. Exogenous antioxidants to avoid nullification of the cardioprotective effects of blood cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1245-54. PMID: 7475176.
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    40. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: with aortic clamping. XII. Delay of cardiac reoxygenation damage in the presence of cyanosis: a new concept of controlled cardiac reoxygenation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1265-73. PMID: 7475178.
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    41. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Sherman MP, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. III. Comparison of the magnitude of damage by hypoxemia/reoxygenation versus ischemia/reperfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1182-9. PMID: 7475169.
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    42. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Sherman MP, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. VI. Counteraction of oxidant damage by exogenous antioxidants: N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine and catalase. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1212-20. PMID: 7475172.
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    43. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Sherman MP, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury: without aortic clamping. IX. Importance of avoiding perioperative hyperoxemia in the setting of previous cyanosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1235-44. PMID: 7475175.
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    44. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Young HH. Studies of hypoxemic/reoxygenation injury with aortic clamping: XI. Cardiac advantages of normoxemic versus hyperoxemic management during qardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 2):1255-64. PMID: 7475177.
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    45. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Ignarro LJ, Beyersdorf F. Reduction of reoxygenation injury and nitric oxide production in the cyanotic immature heart by controlling pO2. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1995; 9(8):410-8. PMID: 7495584.
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    46. Mitrev Z, Beyersdorf F, Hallmann R, Poloczek Y, Ihnken K, Herold H, Unkelbach U, Zimmer G, Freisleben HJ, Satter P. Reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle: controlled limb reperfusion reduces local and systemic complications after prolonged ischaemia. Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Dec; 2(6):737-48. PMID: 7858992.
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    47. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Aharon A, Laks H, Beyersdorf F, Salerno TA. Simultaneous arterial and coronary sinus cardioplegic perfusion: an experimental and clinical study. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Jun; 42(3):141-7. PMID: 7940483.
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    48. Morita K, Ihnken K, Buckberg GD, Sherman MP, Young HH, Ignarro LJ. Role of controlled cardiac reoxygenation in reducing nitric oxide production and cardiac oxidant damage in cyanotic infantile hearts. J Clin Invest. 1994 Jun; 93(6):2658-66. PMID: 8201004.
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    49. Buckberg GD, Ihnken K, Morita K. Use of hypocalcemic blood cardioplegia with clear extracorporeal primes containing albumin. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Mar; 107(3):941-2. PMID: 8127125.
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    50. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD. New approaches to blood cardioplegic delivery to reduce hemodilution and cardioplegic overdose. J Card Surg. 1994 Jan; 9(1):26-36. PMID: 7908544.
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    51. Ihnken K, Morita K, Buckberg GD, Aharon A, Laks H, Panos AL, Drinkwater DC, Chugh R, Del Rizzo D, Salerno TA. The safety of simultaneous arterial and coronary sinus perfusion: experimental background and initial clinical results. J Card Surg. 1994 Jan; 9(1):15-25. PMID: 8148541.
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    52. Beyersdorf F, Sarai K, Mitrev Z, Eckel L, Ihnken K, Satter P. New surgical treatment for severe limb ischemia. J Invest Surg. 1994 Jan-Feb; 7(1):61-71. PMID: 8003466.
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    53. Ihnken K, Speiser W, Ruf W, Thiel W, Schlepper M, Müller-Berghaus G. High PAI activity with correlation to triglyceride and HDL cholesterol values in patients with coronary artery disease with no difference in survivors of myocardial infarction. Ann Hematol. 1993 Nov; 67(5):237-44. PMID: 8241347.
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    54. Beyersdorf F, Sarai K, Mitrev Z, Eckel L, Ihnken K, Satter P. Studies of reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle: controlled limb reperfusion to reduce post-ischaemic syndrome. Cardiovasc Surg. 1993 Aug; 1(4):330-6. PMID: 8076055.
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    55. Winkelmann BR, Ihnken K, Beyersdorf F, Eckel L, Skupin M, März W, Herrmann G, Spies H, Schräder R, Sievert H. Left main coronary artery stenosis after aortic valve replacement: genetic disposition for accelerated arteriosclerosis after injury of the intact human coronary artery? Coron Artery Dis. 1993 Jul; 4(7):659-67. PMID: 8281371.
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    56. Beyersdorf F, Mitrev Z, Sarai K, Eckel L, Klepzig H, Maul FD, Ihnken K, Satter P. Changing patterns of patients undergoing emergency surgical revascularization for acute coronary occlusion. Importance of myocardial protection techniques. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993 Jul; 106(1):137-48. PMID: 8320992.
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    57. Matheis G, Tixier DB, Buckberg GD, Ihnken K, Morita K, Sherman MP, Young HH. Cardiopulmonary dysfunction produced by reoxygenation of immature hypoxemic animals supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. Prevention by intravenous metabolic pretreatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993 Mar; 105(3):513-9. PMID: 8095311.
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    58. Ihnken K, Speiser W, Müller-Berghaus G, Beyersdorf F, Schlepper M, Satter P. [Decreased fibrinolytic capacity in coronary patients by increased plasminogen activator inhibitor activity]. Helv Chir Acta. 1992 Jan; 58(4):503-8. PMID: 1582860.
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