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Kara Lynch, PhD

Title(s)Associate Professor, Laboratory Medicine
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Phone415-206-5477
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Butler UniversityBachelor of Science2002Chemistry and Biology Departments
    University of WisconsinDoctorate2007Biochemistry Department
    University of California, San FranciscoPostdoctoral Studies2009Graduate Division

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    My research interests are in the areas of clinical chemistry, toxicology and pharmacogenetics. In the area of clinical chemistry, we are involved in translational research studies aimed at the clinical evaluation of novel biomarkers or biomarker panels to diagnosis, treat and monitor disease. In toxicology, my research is centered on the use of mass spectrometry to detect small molecules in human samples. Our research studies are focused on uncovering trends in drug misuse and drug adulteration and understanding the clinical implications of these trends. We are also involved in the development and implementation of new mass spectrometry methods and technologies, such as high resolution mass spectrometry, in the clinical laboratory. In the area of pharmacogenetics, we are interested in understanding how genotype influences an individual’s susceptibility to adverse drug reactions and drug-induced toxicity.

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Colby JM, Lynch KL. Drug Screening Using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (LC-QqTOF) Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2019; 1872:181-190. PMID: 30350290.
      View in: PubMed
    2. van Wijk XMR, Yun C, Hooshfar S, Arens AM, Lung D, Wu AHB, Lynch KL. A Liquid-Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for Non-FDA Approved Benzodiazepines. J Anal Toxicol. 2018 Nov 14. PMID: 30462225.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Riley SB, Sochat M, Moser K, Lynch KL, Tochtrop R, Isbell TS, Scalzo A. Case of brodifacoum-contaminated synthetic cannabinoid. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018 Aug 27; 1-2. PMID: 30148410.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Lynch KL. Accreditation and Quality Assurance for Clinical Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Laboratories. Clin Lab Med. 2018 Sep; 38(3):515-526. PMID: 30115395.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Goodnough R, Li K, Fouladkou F, Lynch KL, Shah M, Smollin CG, Blanc PD. Notes from the Field: Toxic Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Tianeptine Misuse - California, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Jul 13; 67(27):769-770. PMID: 30001559.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Colby JM, Thoren KL, Lynch KL. Suspect Screening Using LC-QqTOF Is a Useful Tool for Detecting Drugs in Biological Samples. J Anal Toxicol. 2018 May 01; 42(4):207-213. PMID: 29309651.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Rodda LN, Volk JA, Moffat E, Williams CM, Lynch KL, Wu AHB. Evaluation of Intraosseous Fluid as an Alternative Biological Specimen in Postmortem Toxicology. J Anal Toxicol. 2018 Apr 01; 42(3):163-169. PMID: 29272445.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Thoren KL, Pasi BM, Delgado JC, Wu AHB, Lynch KL.Quantitation of infliximab and detection of anti-drug antibodies in serum using surface plasmon resonance. JALM. 2018; 2(5):725-736.
    9. Metushi IG, Wakefield MR, Lynch KL, Stone JA, Fitzgerald RP.Reproducibility assessment for a broad spectrum drug screening method from urine using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Mass Spec. 2018; 8:1-7.
    10. Lynch KL.Specimen validity testing: is it "valid" for drug testing in pain management?. JALM. 2018; 2(4):478-480.
      View Publication
    11. Vo KT, Horng H, Li K, Ho RY, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Smollin CG. Cannabis Intoxication Case Series: The Dangers of Edibles Containing Tetrahydrocannabinol. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Mar; 71(3):306-313. PMID: 29103798.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Armenian P, Vo KT, Barr-Walker J, Lynch KL. Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review. Neuropharmacology. 2018 05 15; 134(Pt A):121-132. PMID: 29042317.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Lynch KL. Commentary. Clin Chem. 2017 Jun; 63(6):1072-1073. PMID: 28550125.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Li K, van Wijk XMR, Hayashi S, Lynch KL, Wu AHB, Smollin CG. Anticholinergic toxicity associated with ingestion of water containing lupini bean extract. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017 Aug; 55(7):687-688. PMID: 28443353.
      View in: PubMed
    15. van Wijk XMR, Vittinghoff E, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Riley ED. Cocaine use is associated with a higher prevalence of elevated ST2 concentrations. Clin Biochem. 2017 Sep; 50(13-14):791-793. PMID: 28442257.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Tomassoni AJ, Hawk KF, Jubanyik K, Nogee DP, Durant T, Lynch KL, Patel R, Dinh D, Ulrich A, D'Onofrio G. Multiple Fentanyl Overdoses - New Haven, Connecticut, June 23, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Feb 03; 66(4):107-111. PMID: 28151928.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Colby JM, Rivera J, Burton L, Cox D, Lynch KL.Improvement of drug identification in urine by LC-QqTOF using a probability-based library search algorithm. Clin Mass Spec. 2017; 3:7-12.
      View Publication
    18. Riley ED, Hsue PY, Vittinghoff E, Wu AH, Coffin PO, Moore PK, Lynch KL. Higher prevalence of detectable troponin I among cocaine-users without known cardiovascular disease. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 03 01; 172:88-93. PMID: 28157591.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Vo KT, van Wijk XM, Wu AH, Lynch KL, Ho RY. Synthetic agents off the darknet: a case of U-47700 and phenazepam abuse. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017 Jan; 55(1):71-72. PMID: 27736261.
      View in: PubMed
    20. van Wijk XMR, Magee CA, Wu AHB, Tana MM, Lynch KL. A comparison of methods for evaluation of a case of suspected macro-aspartate aminotransferase. Clin Chim Acta. 2016 Dec 01; 463:1-3. PMID: 27732874.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Colby JM, Thoren KL, Lynch KL. Optimization and Validation of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis Parameters. J Anal Toxicol. 2017 Jan; 41(1):1-5. PMID: 28130542.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Arens AM, van Wijk XM, Vo KT, Lynch KL, Wu AH, Smollin CG. Adverse Effects From Counterfeit Alprazolam Tablets. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 10 01; 176(10):1554-1555. PMID: 27532131.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Lynch KL.Collaboration at the Heart of Innovation. Clin Chem. 2016; 9(62):1284.
    24. Stauffer CS, Musinipally V, Suen A, Lynch KL, Shapiro B, Woolley JD. A two-week pilot study of intranasal oxytocin for cocaine-dependent individuals receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder. Addict Res Theory. 2016; 24(6):490-498. PMID: 28503120.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Riley ED, Kral AH, Cohen J, Dilworth SE, Shumway M, Lynch KL. Levamisole-Contaminated Cocaine Use in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Unstably Housed Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016 09; 25(9):936-43. PMID: 27203838.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Vo KT, van Wijk XM, Lynch KL, Wu AH, Smollin CG. Counterfeit Norco Poisoning Outbreak - San Francisco Bay Area, California, March 25-April 5, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Apr 29; 65(16):420-3. PMID: 27123589.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Yang HS, Wu AH, Lynch KL. Development and Validation of a Novel LC-MS/MS Opioid Confirmation Assay: Evaluation of ß-glucuronidase Enzymes and Sample Cleanup Methods. J Anal Toxicol. 2016 Jun; 40(5):323-9. PMID: 27121711.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Yang HS, Wu AH, Johnson-Davis KL, Lynch KL. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS sulfonylurea assay for hypoglycemia cases in the emergency department. Clin Chim Acta. 2016 Feb 15; 454:130-4. PMID: 26790752.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Quinley KE, Chen HY, Yang HS, Lynch KL, Olson KR. Clenbuterol causing non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a teenage female desiring to lose weight: case and brief literature review. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 Aug; 34(8):1739.e5-7. PMID: 26873408.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Thoren KL, Colby JM, Shugarts SB, Wu AH, Lynch KL. Comparison of Information-Dependent Acquisition on a Tandem Quadrupole TOF vs a Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer for Broad-Spectrum Drug Screening. Clin Chem. 2016 Jan; 62(1):170-8. PMID: 26453698.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Lynch KL. CLSI C62-A: A New Standard for Clinical Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2016 Jan; 62(1):24-9. PMID: 26430075.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Colby JM, Wu AH, Lynch KL. Analysis of codeine positivity in urine of pain management patients. J Anal Toxicol. 2015 Jun; 39(5):407-10. PMID: 25840440.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Lynch KL, Shapiro BJ, Coffa D, Novak SP, Kral AH. Promethazine use among chronic pain patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 May 01; 150:92-7. PMID: 25754939; PMCID: PMC4389782.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    34. Wang BT, Colby JM, Wu AH, Lynch KL. Cross-reactivity of acetylfentanyl and risperidone with a fentanyl immunoassay. J Anal Toxicol. 2014 Nov-Dec; 38(9):672-5. PMID: 25248490.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Wu AH, Ruan W, Todd J, Lynch KL. Biological variation of ß-sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol as cholesterol absorption and synthesis biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta. 2014 Mar 20; 430:43-7. PMID: 24394292.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Smith A, Wu AH, Lynch KL, Ko N, Grenache DG. Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric analysis for detection of xanthochromia in cerebrospinal fluid and accuracy for the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Sep 23; 424:231-6. PMID: 23800427.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Jacquot C, Moayeri M, Kim B, Shugarts S, Lynch KL, Leavitt AD. Prolonged ceftriaxone-induced immune thrombocytopenia due to impaired drug clearance: a case report. Transfusion. 2013 Nov; 53(11):2715-21. PMID: 23451879.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Shapiro BJ, Lynch KL, Toochinda T, Lutnick A, Cheng HY, Kral AH. Promethazine misuse among methadone maintenance patients and community-based injection drug users. J Addict Med. 2013 Mar-Apr; 7(2):96-101. PMID: 23385449; PMCID: PMC3618500.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    39. Petrie M, Lynch KL, Ekins S, Chang JS, Goetz RJ, Wu AH, Krasowski MD. Cross-reactivity studies and predictive modeling of "Bath Salts" and other amphetamine-type stimulants with amphetamine screening immunoassays. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Feb; 51(2):83-91. PMID: 23387345.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Petrie MS, Lynch KL, Wu AH, Steinhardt AA, Horowitz GL. Prescription compliance or illicit designer drug abuse? Clin Chem. 2012 Dec; 58(12):1631-4. PMID: 23193148.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Lee JS, Kim EJ, Lynch KL, Elicker B, Ryerson CJ, Katsumoto TR, Shum AK, Wolters PJ, Cerri S, Richeldi L, Jones KD, King TE, Collard HR. Prevalence and clinical significance of circulating autoantibodies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med. 2013 Feb; 107(2):249-55. PMID: 23186614; PMCID: PMC3543473.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    42. Wu AH, Gerona R, Armenian P, French D, Petrie M, Lynch KL. Role of liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR/MS) in clinical toxicology. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012 Sep; 50(8):733-42. PMID: 22888997.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Blanc PD, Chin C, Lynch KL. Multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with cocaine abuse: is levamisole responsible? Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012 Jul; 50(6):534-5; author reply 536. PMID: 22702903.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Wu AH, Lorizio W, Tchu S, Lynch K, Gerona R, Ji W, Ruan W, Ruddy KJ, Desantis SD, Burstein HJ, Ziv E. Estimation of tamoxifen metabolite concentrations in the blood of breast cancer patients through CYP2D6 genotype activity score. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Jun; 133(2):677-83. PMID: 22294487.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Tchu SM, Lynch KL, Wu AH. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tamoxifen using LC-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 902:211-22. PMID: 22767121.
      View in: PubMed
    46. French D, Wu A, Lynch K. Hydrophilic interaction LC-MS/MS analysis of opioids in urine: significance of glucuronide metabolites. Bioanalysis. 2011 Dec; 3(23):2603-12. PMID: 22136049.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Graf J, Lynch K, Yeh CL, Tarter L, Richman N, Nguyen T, Kral A, Dominy S, Imboden J. Purpura, cutaneous necrosis, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Dec; 63(12):3998-4001. PMID: 22127712.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Kostenko L, Kjer-Nielsen L, Nicholson I, Hudson F, Lucas A, Foley B, Chen K, Lynch K, Nguyen J, Wu AH, Tait BD, Holdsworth R, Mallal S, Rossjohn J, Bharadwaj M, McCluskey J. Rapid screening for the detection of HLA-B57 and HLA-B58 in prevention of drug hypersensitivity. Tissue Antigens. 2011 Jul; 78(1):11-20. PMID: 21501118.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Lynch KL, Dominy SS, Graf J, Kral AH. Detection of levamisole exposure in cocaine users by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 2011 Apr; 35(3):176-8. PMID: 21439154.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Lung D, Lynch K, Agrawal S, Armenian P, Banh K. Images in emergency medicine. Adult female with rash on lower extremities. Vasculopathic purpura and neutropenia caused by levamisole-contaminated cocaine. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 Mar; 57(3):307, 311. PMID: 21353913.
      View in: PubMed
    51. French D, Gorgi AW, Ihenetu KU, Weeks MA, Lynch KL, Wu AH. Vitamin D status of county hospital patients assessed by the DiaSorin LIAISON® 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay. Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Jan 30; 412(3-4):258-62. PMID: 20965160.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Lynch KL, Breaud AR, Vandenberghe H, Wu AH, Clarke W. Performance evaluation of three liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods for broad spectrum drug screening. Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Oct 09; 411(19-20):1474-81. PMID: 20540936; PMCID: PMC2914548.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    53. Lynch KL, Gerona RR, Kielar DM, Martens S, McMahon HT, Martin TF. Synaptotagmin-1 utilizes membrane bending and SNARE binding to drive fusion pore expansion. Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Dec; 19(12):5093-103. PMID: 18799625.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Lynch KL, Gerona RR, Larsen EC, Marcia RF, Mitchell JC, Martin TF. Synaptotagmin C2A loop 2 mediates Ca2+-dependent SNARE interactions essential for Ca2+-triggered vesicle exocytosis. Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Dec; 18(12):4957-68. PMID: 17914059.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Lynch KL, Martin TF. Synaptotagmins I and IX function redundantly in regulated exocytosis but not endocytosis in PC12 cells. J Cell Sci. 2007 Feb 15; 120(Pt 4):617-27. PMID: 17264148.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Aikawa Y, Lynch KL, Boswell KL, Martin TF. A second SNARE role for exocytic SNAP25 in endosome fusion. Mol Biol Cell. 2006 May; 17(5):2113-24. PMID: 16481393.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Arndt HD, Hauschild KE, Sullivan DP, Lake K, Dervan PB, Ansari AZ. Toward artificial developmental regulators. J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Nov 05; 125(44):13322-3. PMID: 14583004.
      View in: PubMed
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