Mary Prahl, MD

Title(s)Associate Professor, Pediatrics
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address1001 Potrero Avenue, #545
San Francisco CA 94110
Phone415-514-0510
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    UCSFFellowship2016Pediatric Infectious Disease
    Northwestern/Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoResidency2012Pediatrics
    University of MinnesotaM.D.2009Medicine
    College of Saint ScholasticaB.S.2004Biochemistry
    University of California, San Francisco, CA2019Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    UCSF2017Melvin M. Grumbach Award for Excellence in Research
    IDSA Foundation2014Merle A. Sande/Pfizer Fellowship Award in International Infectious Diseases
    Northwestern University2012Research Scholars Day Judges' Award
    Northwestern University2011Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society
    Children's Memorial Hospital/Northwestern University2009Resident Teaching Award
    College of Saint Scholastica2004Summa Cum Laude
    NIH2017  - 2022LRP Award

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Dr. Prahl is a clinician-scientist engaged in translational research evaluating human immune responses to infectious diseases during pregnancy and early childhood to facilitate the development of novel strategies for disease prevention.

    Pregnancy and Early Childhood Malaria:
    Dr. Prahl’s work is aimed at understanding the immunologic consequences of in utero malaria exposure and malaria prevention on the immune system during fetal development and early childhood. Current malaria vaccines have been limited by poor immunogenicity in young children living in malaria endemic areas, and further research is needed to determine the reasons for these poor immune responses to malaria antigens in order to develop new tools to fight the malaria epidemic. This research is based on collaborations with Makerere University/IDRC in Uganda. Dr. Prahl’s work is aimed at evaluating potential contributing mechanisms of immune tolerance resulting from in utero malaria exposure and evaluating the effect of malaria control measures on the developing immune responses. In addition to her translational immunology work, Dr. Prahl aims to encourage and train future medical providers in global health careers.

    SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pregnancy, Lactation, and Early Childhood:
    Dr. Prahl’s work is aimed to address critical knowledge gaps in the immunologic impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood. In addition, Dr. Prahl and her colleagues aim to determine mechanisms of transferred maternal-fetal immunity and the impact on protection against SARS-CoV-2 in early childhood.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Determinants of Early Childhood Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
    NIH/NICHD 1R01HD112339-01Sep 30, 2023 - Jun 30, 2028
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Description: Detailed studies on the unique age-specific cellular and functional antibody profiles and the impact of pre- existing immunity on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific responses are needed to maximize protective responses, durability, and inform potential future boosting strategies for young children. Our objective is to determine the impact of pre-existing immunity from either prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or the presence of passively-derived maternal antibodies on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific immune responses to determine optimal timing of SARS- CoV-2 vaccines in early childhood.
    Investigating the role of maternal-fetal crosstalk on neonatal immunity in COVID-19 infection or vaccination in pregnancy
    NICHD R01HD111582-01Apr 1, 2023 - Mar 31, 2028
    Role: Co-Investigator
    T cell immunity to CMV in utero and in early childhood
    NIAID 1U01AI168390-01Feb 18, 2022 - Jan 30, 2027
    Role: Co-Investigator
    Supplement Award: The Immunologic Impact of In Utero Malaria Exposure and Prenatal Chemoprevention
    NIAID 3K23AI127886-05S1Sep 1, 2021 - Aug 31, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses during Pregnancy in the Mother-Infant Dyad
    UCSF Pilot for Junior Investigators in Basic and Clinical/Translational Sciences REAC Award Jul 1, 2021 - Jun 30, 2022
    Transplacental transfer and early infancy immunologic effects of prenatal exposure to the pesticide bendiocarb
    UCSF Pilot for Junior Investigators in Basic and Clinical/Translational Sciences REAC Award Jan 1, 2019 - Jul 1, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Immunologic Impact of In Utero Malaria Exposure and Prenatal Chemoprevention
    NIH K23AI127886Jul 1, 2017 - Jun 30, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Impact of Placental Malaria on Neonatal Tolerance and Immunity to Malaria
    IDSA-sponsored Merle A. Sande-Pfizer Fellowship Award in International Infectious Diseases Sep 1, 2014 - Jun 30, 2017
    Role: Post-doctoral Fellow
    T32 NIH HIV/AIDS Translational Training Grant
    NIH T32AI060530Jul 1, 2014 - Jun 30, 2016

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Collaboration Interests

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. In Utero Exposure to Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination and Offspring Neurodevelopment at 12 and 18 Months. JAMA Pediatr. 2024 Mar 01; 178(3):258-265. Jaswa EG, Cedars MI, Lindquist KJ, Bishop SL, Kim YS, Kaing A, Prahl M, Gaw SL, Corley J, Hoskin E, Cho YJ, Rogers E, Huddleston HG. PMID: 38252445; PMCID: PMC10804280.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Milk antibody response after 3rd COVID-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection and implications for infant protection. iScience. 2023 Oct 20; 26(10):107767. Golan Y, Ilala M, Li L, Gay C, Hunagund S, Lin CY, Cassidy AG, Jigmeddagva U, Matsui Y, Ozarslan N, Asiodu IV, Ahituv N, Flaherman VJ, Gaw SL, Prahl M. PMID: 37731614; PMCID: PMC10507209.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    3. Minimal mRNA uptake and inflammatory response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental explants. iScience. 2023 Sep 15; 26(9):107549. Gonzalez VJ, Li L, Buarpung S, Prahl M, Robinson JF, Gaw SL. PMID: 37664582; PMCID: PMC10470080.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    4. Assessment of Adverse Reactions, Antibody Patterns, and 12-month Outcomes in the Mother-Infant Dyad After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Pregnancy. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jul 03; 6(7):e2323405. Cassidy AG, Li L, Golan Y, Gay C, Lin CY, Jigmeddagva U, Chidboy MA, Ilala M, Buarpung S, Gonzalez VJ, Basilio E, Duck M, Murtha AP, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Asiodu IV, Prahl MK, Gaw SL. PMID: 37450302; PMCID: PMC10349345.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    
    5. Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir (Paxlovid) for Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pregnancy and Lactation. Obstet Gynecol. 2023 05 01; 141(5):957-960. Lin CY, Cassidy AG, Li L, Prahl MK, Golan Y, Gaw SL. PMID: 36928334; PMCID: PMC10147578.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Minimal mRNA uptake and inflammatory response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental explants. medRxiv. 2023 Feb 02. Gonzalez V, Li L, Buarpung S, Prahl M, Robinson JF, Gaw SL. PMID: 36778281; PMCID: PMC9915836.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    7. Milk antibody response after 3rd dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and implications for infant protection. medRxiv. 2022 Dec 14. Golan Y, Ilala M, Gay C, Hunagund S, Lin CY, Cassidy AG, Jigmeddagva U, Li L, Ozarslan N, Asiodu IV, Ahituv N, Flaherman VJ, Gaw SL, Prahl M. PMID: 36561188; PMCID: PMC9774223.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    8. In Utero Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Infect Dis. 2022 09 04; 226(4):566-575. Vaaben AV, Levan J, Nguyen CBT, Callaway PC, Prahl M, Warrier L, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Kakuru A, Muhindo MK, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Feeney ME. PMID: 35876164; PMCID: PMC9441208.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    9. Evaluation of transplacental transfer of mRNA vaccine products and functional antibodies during pregnancy and infancy. Nat Commun. 2022 07 30; 13(1):4422. Prahl M, Golan Y, Cassidy AG, Matsui Y, Li L, Alvarenga B, Chen H, Jigmeddagva U, Lin CY, Gonzalez VJ, Chidboy MA, Warrier L, Buarpung S, Murtha AP, Flaherman VJ, Greene WC, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Rajan J, Gaw SL. PMID: 35908075; PMCID: PMC9338928.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    10. Effects of Vaccination Against Influenza, Pertussis, and COVID-19 on Human Milk Antibodies: Current Evidence and Implications for Health Equity. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:910383. Hunagund S, Golan Y, Asiodu IV, Prahl M, Gaw SL. PMID: 35903100; PMCID: PMC9314549.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    11. Neutralizing antibody activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in gestational age-matched mother-infant dyads after infection or vaccination. JCI Insight. 2022 06 22; 7(12). Matsui Y, Li L, Prahl M, Cassidy AG, Ozarslan N, Golan Y, Gonzalez VJ, Lin CY, Jigmeddagva U, Chidboy MA, Montano M, Taha TY, Khalid MM, Sreekumar B, Hayashi JM, Chen PY, Kumar GR, Warrier L, Wu AH, Song D, Jegatheesan P, Rai DS, Govindaswami B, Needens J, Rincon M, Myatt L, Asiodu IV, Flaherman VJ, Afshar Y, Jacoby VL, Murtha AP, Robinson JF, Ott M, Greene WC, Gaw SL. PMID: 35579965; PMCID: PMC9309042.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    12. Early non-neutralizing, afucosylated antibody responses are associated with COVID-19 severity. Sci Transl Med. 2022 03 09; 14(635):eabm7853. Chakraborty S, Gonzalez JC, Sievers BL, Mallajosyula V, Chakraborty S, Dubey M, Ashraf U, Cheng BY, Kathale N, Tran KQT, Scallan C, Sinnott A, Cassidy A, Chen ST, Gelbart T, Gao F, Golan Y, Ji X, Kim-Schulze S, Prahl M, Gaw SL, Gnjatic S, Marron TU, Merad M, Arunachalam PS, Boyd SD, Davis MM, Holubar M, Khosla C, Maecker HT, Maldonado Y, Mellins ED, Nadeau KC, Pulendran B, Singh U, Subramanian A, Utz PJ, Sherwood R, Zhang S, Jagannathan P, Tan GS, Wang TT. PMID: 35040666; PMCID: PMC8939764.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 49     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    13. Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses. Sci Transl Med. 2022 03 02; 14(634):eabn7842. Sievers BL, Chakraborty S, Xue Y, Gelbart T, Gonzalez JC, Cassidy AG, Golan Y, Prahl M, Gaw SL, Arunachalam PS, Blish CA, Boyd SD, Davis MM, Jagannathan P, Nadeau KC, Pulendran B, Singh U, Scheuermann RH, Frieman MB, Vashee S, Wang TT, Tan GS. PMID: 35025672; PMCID: PMC8891085.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    14. Structurally and functionally distinct early antibody responses predict COVID-19 disease trajectory and mRNA vaccine response. bioRxiv. 2021 Dec 27. Chakraborty S, Gonzalez JC, Sievers BL, Mallajosyula V, Dubey M, Cheng BY, Tran KQT, Chakraborty S, Cassidy A, Chen ST, Sinnott A, Gelbart T, Golan Y, Prahl M, Singh U, Kim-Schulze S, Sherwood R, Zhang S, Marron TU, Gnjatic S, Gaw SL, Nadeau KC, Merad M, Jagannathan P, Tan GS, Wang TT, Ashraf U, Kathale N, Scallan C, Gao F, Ji X, Arunachalam PS, Boyd SD, Davis MM, Holubar M, Khosla C, Maecker HT, Maldonado Y, Mellins ED, Pulendran B, Subramanian A, Utz PJ. PMID: 34075376; PMCID: PMC8168384.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    15. Peripheral Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Early Pregnancy Is Associated With Increased Maternal Microchimerism in the Offspring. J Infect Dis. 2021 12 15; 224(12):2105-2112. Simon N, Shallat J, Houck J, Jagannathan P, Prahl M, Muhindo MK, Kakuru A, Olwoch P, Feeney ME, Harrington WE. PMID: 34010401; PMCID: PMC8672744.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    16. Evaluation of transplacental transfer of mRNA vaccine products and functional antibodies during pregnancy and early infancy. Res Sq. 2021 Dec 15. Prahl M, Golan Y, Cassidy AG, Matsui Y, Li L, Alvarenga B, Chen H, Jigmeddagva U, Lin CY, Gonzalez VJ, Chidboy MA, Warrier L, Buarpung S, Murtha AP, Flaherman VJ, Greene WC, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Rajan J, Gaw SL. PMID: 34931183; PMCID: PMC8687466.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    17. Evaluation of transplacental transfer of mRNA vaccine products and functional antibodies during pregnancy and early infancy. medRxiv. 2021 Dec 13. Prahl M, Golan Y, Cassidy AG, Matsui Y, Li L, Alvarenga B, Chen H, Jigmeddagva U, Lin CY, Gonzalez VJ, Chidboy MA, Warrier L, Buarpung S, Murtha AP, Flaherman VJ, Greene WC, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Rajan J, Gaw SL. PMID: 34931197; PMCID: PMC8687468.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2  
    18. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of Adverse Events and Vaccine Related Antibodies in Mother-Infant Dyads. Front Immunol. 2021; 12:777103. Golan Y, Prahl M, Cassidy AG, Gay C, Wu AHB, Jigmeddagva U, Lin CY, Gonzalez VJ, Basilio E, Chidboy MA, Warrier L, Buarpung S, Li L, Murtha AP, Asiodu IV, Ahituv N, Flaherman VJ, Gaw SL. PMID: 34804068; PMCID: PMC8595828.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsCTClinical Trials
    19. Infant Outcomes Following Maternal Infection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): First Report From the Pregnancy Coronavirus Outcomes Registry (PRIORITY) Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 11 02; 73(9):e2810-e2813. Flaherman VJ, Afshar Y, Boscardin WJ, Keller RL, H Mardy A, Prahl MK, T Phillips C, Asiodu IV, Berghella V, Chambers BD, Crear-Perry J, Jamieson DJ, Jacoby VL, Gaw SL. PMID: 32947612; PMCID: PMC7543372.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 53     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    20. Evaluation of Messenger RNA From COVID-19 BTN162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines in Human Milk. JAMA Pediatr. 2021 10 01; 175(10):1069-1071. Golan Y, Prahl M, Cassidy A, Lin CY, Ahituv N, Flaherman VJ, Gaw SL. PMID: 34228115; PMCID: PMC8261686.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    21. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of adverse events and vaccine related antibodies in mother-infant dyads. medRxiv. 2021 Sep 16. Golan Y, Prahl M, Cassidy AG, Gay C, Wu AHB, Jigmeddagva U, Lin CY, Gonzalez VJ, Basilio E, Warrier L, Buarpung S, Li L, Murtha AP, Asiodu IV, Ahituv N, Flaherman VJ, Gaw SL. PMID: 34373861; PMCID: PMC8351783.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    22. Passive and active immunity in infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021 07 07; 11(7):e053036. Song D, Prahl M, Gaw SL, Narasimhan SR, Rai DS, Huang A, Flores CV, Lin CY, Jigmeddagva U, Wu A, Warrier L, Levan J, Nguyen CBT, Callaway P, Farrington L, Acevedo GR, Gonzalez VJ, Vaaben A, Nguyen P, Atmosfera E, Marleau C, Anderson C, Misra S, Stemmle M, Cortes M, McAuley J, Metz N, Patel R, Nudelman M, Abraham S, Byrne J, Jegatheesan P. PMID: 34234001; PMCID: PMC8264915.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    
    23. Passive and active immunity in infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: Prospective cohort study. medRxiv. 2021 May 03. Song D, Prahl M, Gaw SL, Narasimhan S, Rai D, Huang A, Flores C, Lin CY, Jigmeddagva U, Wu AHB, Warrier L, Levan J, Nguyen CBT, Callaway P, Farrington L, Acevedo GR, Gonzalez VJ, Vaaben A, Nguyen P, Atmosfera E, Marleau C, Anderson C, Misra S, Stemmle M, Cortes M, McAuley J, Metz N, Patel R, Nudelman M, Abraham S, Byrne J, Jegatheesan P. PMID: 33972953; PMCID: PMC8109203.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    24. Exposure to pesticides in utero impacts the fetal immune system and response to vaccination in infancy. Nat Commun. 2021 01 08; 12(1):132. Prahl M, Odorizzi P, Gingrich D, Muhindo M, McIntyre T, Budker R, Jagannathan P, Farrington L, Nalubega M, Nankya F, Sikyomu E, Musinguzi K, Naluwu K, Auma A, Kakuru A, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Aweeka F, Feeney ME. PMID: 33420104; PMCID: PMC7794579.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    25. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Preterm Pregnant Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obstet Gynecol. 2020 07; 136(1):46-51. Blauvelt CA, Chiu C, Donovan AL, Prahl M, Shimotake TK, George RB, Schwartz BS, Farooqi NA, Ali SS, Cassidy A, Gonzalez JM, Gaw SL. PMID: 32384385.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    26. In utero priming of highly functional effector T cell responses to human malaria. Sci Transl Med. 2018 10 17; 10(463). Odorizzi PM, Jagannathan P, McIntyre TI, Budker R, Prahl M, Auma A, Burt TD, Nankya F, Nalubega M, Sikyomu E, Musinguzi K, Naluwu K, Kakuru A, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Feeney ME. PMID: 30333241; PMCID: PMC6321770.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    27. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy and risk of malaria in early childhood: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2018 07; 15(7):e1002606. Jagannathan P, Kakuru A, Okiring J, Muhindo MK, Natureeba P, Nakalembe M, Opira B, Olwoch P, Nankya F, Ssewanyana I, Tetteh K, Drakeley C, Beeson J, Reiling L, Clark TD, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, Wallender E, Aweeka F, Prahl M, Charlebois ED, Feeney ME, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G. PMID: 30016328; PMCID: PMC6049882.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    28. Both inflammatory and regulatory cytokine responses to malaria are blunted with increasing age in highly exposed children. Malar J. 2017 12 29; 16(1):499. Farrington L, Vance H, Rek J, Prahl M, Jagannathan P, Katureebe A, Arinaitwe E, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Feeney ME. PMID: 29284469; PMCID: PMC5747142.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    29. Sex Disparity in Cord Blood FoxP3+ CD4 T Regulatory Cells in Infants Exposed to Malaria In Utero. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017; 4(1):ofx022. Prahl M, Jagannathan P, McIntyre TI, Auma A, Wamala S, Nalubega M, Musinguzi K, Naluwu K, Sikyoma E, Budker R, Odorizzi P, Kakuru A, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Feeney ME. PMID: 28480292; PMCID: PMC5414097.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7  
    30. Timing of in utero malaria exposure influences fetal CD4 T cell regulatory versus effector differentiation. Malar J. 2016 10 07; 15(1):497. Prahl M, Jagannathan P, McIntyre TI, Auma A, Farrington L, Wamala S, Nalubega M, Musinguzi K, Naluwu K, Sikyoma E, Budker R, Vance H, Odorizzi P, Nayebare P, Ategeka J, Kakuru A, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Feeney ME. PMID: 27717402; PMCID: PMC5055709.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    31. Another spin. J Hosp Med. 2016 07; 11(7):509-12. Prahl M, Dhaliwal G, Shulman ST, Doshi N, Monash B. PMID: 27018991.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    32. Lactobezoar formation in two premature infants receiving medium-chain triglyceride formula. J Perinatol. 2014 Aug; 34(8):634-5. Prahl M, Smetana D, Porta N. PMID: 25073493.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
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