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Robert Gallo, MD

Photo of Robert Gallo, MD
Title(s)Assistant Professor, Medicine
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address1001 Potrero Avenue, #1226
San Francisco CA 94110
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-2601-0173 Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MOMD05/2019
    Stanford University, Stanford, CA06/2022Internal Medicine Residency
    VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA08/2025Medical Informatics Research Fellowship

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    Dr. Robert Gallo is an Assistant Professor in the UCSF Division of Hospital Medicine at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital. He is a physician-researcher working to leverage the vast amount of routinely collected data to improve the quality and effectiveness of hospital care. His research spans inpatient diabetes management, aging research, and the evaluation of medical AI. His research has been published in leading medical journals such as JAMA Internal Medicine, Nature Medicine, and Diabetes Care, and featured in national media publications such as the New York Times and the Washington Post.

    Before joining UCSF, he completed his Internal Medicine Residency at Stanford University and a Medical Informatics Research Fellowship at VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University.

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    Collapse Featured Publications

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. A typology of physician input approaches to using AI chatbots for clinical decision-making: a mixed methods study. medRxiv. 2025 Jul 23. Siden R, Kerman H, Gallo RJ, Cool JA, Hom J, Goh E, Ahuja N, Heidenreich P, Shieh L, Yang D, Chen JH, Rodman A, Holdsworth LM. PMID: 40778141; PMCID: PMC12330456.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    2. Trends and Disparities in Rates of Hypoglycemia Among Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jul 01; 48(7):1218-1224. Heidenreich PA, Lin S, Gallo RJ, Sahay A, Burkhardt M, Glassman P, Fang D, Moore V. PMID: 40402098.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. From Tool to Teammate: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Clinician-AI Collaborative Workflows for Diagnosis. medRxiv. 2025 Jun 08. Everett SS, Bunning BJ, Jain P, Lopez I, Agarwal A, Desai M, Gallo R, Goh E, Kadiyala VB, Kanjee Z, Koshy JM, Olson A, Rodman A, Schulman K, Strong E, Chen JH, Horvitz E. PMID: 40502554; PMCID: PMC12155023.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    4. Physician clinical decision modification and bias assessment in a randomized controlled trial of AI assistance. Commun Med (Lond). 2025 Mar 04; 5(1):59. Goh E, Bunning B, Khoong EC, Gallo RJ, Milstein A, Centola D, Chen JH. PMID: 40038550; PMCID: PMC11880198.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5  
    5. GPT-4 assistance for improvement of physician performance on patient care tasks: a randomized controlled trial. Nat Med. 2025 Apr; 31(4):1233-1238. Goh E, Gallo RJ, Strong E, Weng Y, Kerman H, Freed JA, Cool JA, Kanjee Z, Lane KP, Parsons AS, Ahuja N, Horvitz E, Yang D, Milstein A, Olson APJ, Hom J, Chen JH, Rodman A. PMID: 39910272; PMCID: PMC12380382.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Inpatient Metformin Utilization and Post-hospitalization Clinical Outcomes: An Observational Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2025 Feb 03. Gallo RJ, Lin S, Fang DZ, Glassman PA, Sahay A, Heidenreich PA. PMID: 39900873.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    7. Establishing best practices in large language model research: an application to repeat prompting. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2025 Feb 01; 32(2):386-390. Gallo RJ, Baiocchi M, Savage TR, Chen JH. PMID: 39656836; PMCID: PMC11756642.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Clinical entity augmented retrieval for clinical information extraction. NPJ Digit Med. 2025 Jan 19; 8(1):45. Lopez I, Swaminathan A, Vedula K, Narayanan S, Nateghi Haredasht F, Ma SP, Liang AS, Tate S, Maddali M, Gallo RJ, Shah NH, Chen JH. PMID: 39828800; PMCID: PMC11743751.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    9. Large language model uncertainty proxies: discrimination and calibration for medical diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2025 Jan 01; 32(1):139-149. Savage T, Wang J, Gallo R, Boukil A, Patel V, Safavi-Naini SAA, Soroush A, Chen JH. PMID: 39396184; PMCID: PMC11648734.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Large Language Model Influence on Diagnostic Reasoning: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Oct 01; 7(10):e2440969. Goh E, Gallo R, Hom J, Strong E, Weng Y, Kerman H, Cool JA, Kanjee Z, Parsons AS, Ahuja N, Horvitz E, Yang D, Milstein A, Olson APJ, Rodman A, Chen JH. PMID: 39466245; PMCID: PMC11519755.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 103     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Clinical Evaluations of Early Warning Scores-Reply. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Sep 01; 184(9):1135. Gallo RJ, Geldsetzer P, Li RC. PMID: 39037786.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Large Language Model Influence on Management Reasoning: A Randomized Controlled Trial. medRxiv. 2024 Aug 07. Goh E, Gallo R, Strong E, Weng Y, Kerman H, Freed J, Cool JA, Kanjee Z, Lane KP, Parsons AS, Ahuja N, Horvitz E, Yang D, Milstein A, Olson APJ, Hom J, Chen JH, Rodman A. PMID: 39148822; PMCID: PMC11326321.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    13. Measuring Equity in Readmission as an Assessment of Hospital Performance. JAMA. 2024 May 21; 331(19):1676-1677. Gallo RJ, Santiago C. PMID: 38648050.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Intervention for Detecting Clinical Deterioration. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 May 01; 184(5):557-562. Gallo RJ, Shieh L, Smith M, Marafino BJ, Geldsetzer P, Asch SM, Shum K, Lin S, Westphal J, Hong G, Li RC. PMID: 38526472; PMCID: PMC10964159.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Affiliation Bias in Peer Review of Abstracts. JAMA. 2024 Apr 09; 331(14):1234-1235. Gallo RJ, Savage T, Chen JH. PMID: 38592392; PMCID: PMC12004078.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    16. Influence of a Large Language Model on Diagnostic Reasoning: A Randomized Clinical Vignette Study. medRxiv. 2024 Mar 14. Goh E, Gallo R, Hom J, Strong E, Weng Y, Kerman H, Cool J, Kanjee Z, Parsons AS, Ahuja N, Horvitz E, Yang D, Milstein A, Olson APJ, Rodman A, Chen JH. PMID: 38559045; PMCID: PMC10980135.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    17. Diagnostic reasoning prompts reveal the potential for large language model interpretability in medicine. NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Jan 24; 7(1):20. Savage T, Nayak A, Gallo R, Rangan E, Chen JH. PMID: 38267608; PMCID: PMC10808088.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 64  
    18. Things We Do for No Reason™: Routine early PEG tube placement for dysphagia after acute stroke. J Hosp Med. 2024 Aug; 19(8):728-730. Gallo RJ, Wang JE, Madill ES. PMID: 38180160.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. ChatGPT Influence on Medical Decision-Making, Bias, and Equity: A Randomized Study of Clinicians Evaluating Clinical Vignettes. medRxiv. 2023 Nov 27. Goh E, Bunning B, Khoong E, Gallo R, Milstein A, Centola D, Chen JH. PMID: 38076944; PMCID: PMC10705632.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    20. K Grant Funding to Internal Medicine Specialties. J Gen Intern Med. 2024 Feb; 39(2):348-350. Gallo RJ, Asch SM, Chan DC. PMID: 37904071; PMCID: PMC10853154.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Administrative Coding Versus Laboratory Diagnosis of Inpatient Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2023 06 01; 46(6):e126-e127. Gallo RJ, Fang DZ, Heidenreich PA. PMID: 37068271.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Addition of Coronary Artery Calcium Scores to Primary Prevention Risk Estimation Models-Primum Non Nocere. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 06 01; 182(6):590-591. Gallo RJ, Brown DL. PMID: 35467702.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
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