Ariel Linden, DrPH

Title(s)Research Specialist, Medicine
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address10 Koret Way, #301
San Francisco CA 94117
Phone--
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-0755-2313 Additional info
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    University of California, Los AngelesDrPH1997Health Services

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    Dr. Linden is a health services researcher with expertise in evaluating the effectiveness of health care interventions and policy changes. As a methodologist, he specializes in developing and implementing techniques to maximize causal inference with observational data. His recent interests include the use of machine learning tools for studying causality and predictive modeling. Dr. Linden has published over 160 peer-reviewed papers and has written over 80 statistical software packages for Stata.

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Electronic connectivity between hospital pairs: impact on emergency department-related utilization. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2023 12 22; 31(1):15-23. Adler-Milstein J, Linden A, Hsia RY, Everson J. PMID: 37846192; PMCID: PMC10746309.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Modelling of intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay as a quality measure: a problematic exercise. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023 09 14; 23(1):207. Moran JL, Duke GJ, Santamaria JD, Linden A, Australian & New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes & Resource Evaluation (. PMID: 37710162; PMCID: PMC10500937.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Erratum: A comprehensive set of post-estimation measures to enrich interrupted time series analysis. Stata Journal. 2022; 22(1):231-233. Linden A.
    4. Computing the fragility index for randomized trials and meta-analyses using Stata. Stata Journal. 2022; 22(1):77-88. Linden A.
    5. Association of Primary Care Engagement in Value-Based Reform Programs With Health Services Outcomes: Participation and Synergies. JAMA Health Forum. 2022 02; 3(2):e220005. Adler-Milstein J, Linden A, Hollingsworth JM, Ryan AM. PMID: 35977280; PMCID: PMC8903108.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. A regression-with-residuals method for analyzing causal mediation: The rwrmed package. Stata Journal. 2021; 21(3):559-574. Linden A, Huber C, Wodtke GT.
    7. Longitudinal participation in delivery and payment reform programs among US Primary Care Organizations. Health Serv Res. 2022 02; 57(1):47-55. Adler-Milstein J, Linden A, Bernstein S, Hollingsworth J, Ryan A. PMID: 33644870; PMCID: PMC8763277.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    8. Conducting sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding in observational studies using E-values: The evalue package. Stata Journal. 2020; 20(1):162–175. Linden A, Mathur MB, VanderWeele TJ.
    9. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Implementing CTA from Within Stata: Minimizing Imbalances on Patient Characteristics Between Treatment Groups in Randomized Trials (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:89-93. Linden A.
    10. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Identifying Causal Mechanisms in Interventions (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:84-88. Linden A.
    11. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Modeling Time‐to‐Event (Survival) Data (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:79-83. Linden A.
    12. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Finding the Optimal Cut-Point of a Diagnostic Test or Index (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:74-78. Linden A.
    13. Implementing CTA from Within Stata: Using CTA to Generate Propensity Score Weights (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:68-73. Linden A.
    14. Implementing CTA from Within Stata: Characterizing Participation in Observational Studies (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:63-67. Linden A.
    15. Implementing CTA from Within Stata: Assessing the Quality of the Randomization Process in Randomized Controlled Trials (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:57-62. Linden A.
    16. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Identifying Structural Breaks in Single-Group Interrupted Time Series Designs (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:51-56. Linden A.
    17. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Evaluating Treatment Effects in Multiple‐Group Interrupted Time Series Analysis (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:45-50. Linden A.
    18. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Evaluating Treatment Effects for Survival (Time‐to‐Event) Outcomes (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:39-44. Linden A.
    19. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: Assessing Covariate Balance in Observational Studies (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:33-38. Linden A.
    20. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: An Application to Dose-Response Relationships (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:26-32. Linden A.
    21. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: An Application to Estimating Treatment Effects using Observational Data (Invited). 2020;9:14-20. Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:14-20. Linden A.
    22. Implementing ODA from Within Stata: An Application to Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial (Invited). Optimal Data Analysis. 2020; 9:9-13. Linden A.
    23. Assessing medication adherence using Stata. Stata Journal. 2019; 19(4):820-831. Linden A.
    24. Assessment of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Not Using Insulin. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 02 01; 179(2):269-272. Platt KD, Thompson AN, Lin P, Basu T, Linden A, Fendrick AM. PMID: 30534950; PMCID: PMC6439646.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Some machine learning algorithms find relationships between variables when none exist -- CTA doesn’t. Optimal Data Analysis. 2019; 8:64-67. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    26. Novometric stepwise CTA analysis discriminating three class Categories using two ordered attributes. Optimal Data Analysis. 2019; 8:68-71. Yarnold PR, Linden A.
    27. Effect of Sample Size on Discovery of Relationships in Random Data by Classification Algorithms. Optimal Data Analysis. 2019; 8:76-80. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    28. Optimizing Suboptimal Classification Trees: Matlab® CART Model Predicting Probability of Lower Limb Prosthesis User’s Functional Potential. Optimal Data Analysis. 2019; 8:84-93. Yarnold PR, Linden A.
    29. Multi-layer perceptron neural net model identifies effect in random data. Optimal Data Analysis. 2019; 8:94-96. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    30. Logistic Discriminant Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling Both Identify Effects in Random Data. Optimal Data Analysis. 2019; 8:97-102. Linden A, Bryant FB, Yarnold PR.
    31. Now trending: Coping with non-parallel trends in difference-in-differences analysis. Stat Methods Med Res. 2019 12; 28(12):3697-3711. Ryan AM, Kontopantelis E, Linden A, Burgess JF. PMID: 30474484.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Practice strategies to improve primary care for chronic disease patients under a pay-for-value program. Healthc (Amst). 2019 Mar; 7(1):30-37. Cross DA, Nong P, Harris-Lemak C, Cohen GR, Linden A, Adler-Milstein J. PMID: 30197304.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Using randomization tests to assess treatment effects in multiple-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2019 Feb; 25(1):5-10. Linden A. PMID: 30003627.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Using machine learning to evaluate treatment effects in multiple-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 08; 24(4):740-744. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 29888469.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Using forecast modelling to evaluate treatment effects in single-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 08; 24(4):695-700. Linden A. PMID: 29749091.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Using group-based trajectory modelling to enhance causal inference in interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 06; 24(3):502-507. Linden A. PMID: 29658192.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Using permutation tests to enhance causal inference in interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 06; 24(3):496-501. Linden A. PMID: 29460383.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Combining synthetic controls and interrupted time series analysis to improve causal inference in program evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):447-453. Linden A. PMID: 29356225.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. The Australian gun buy-back program and the rate of suicide by firearm. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:28-35. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    40. Using ODA in the evaluation of randomized controlled trials. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:46-49. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    41. Using ODA in the evaluation of randomized controlled trials: application to survival outcomes. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:50-53. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    42. Reanalysis of the National Supported Work Experiment Using ODA. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:54-58. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    43. Identifying maximum-accuracy cut-points for diagnostic indexes via ODA. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:59-65. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    44. Comparative accuracy of a diagnostic index modeled using (optimized) regression vs. novometrics. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:66-71. Linden A, Yarnold PR.
    45. Review of “A Course in Item Response Theory and Modeling with Stata” by Raykov and Marcoulides. Stata Journal. 2018; 18:485-488. Linden A.
    46. A matching framework to improve causal inference in interrupted time-series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):408-415. Linden A. PMID: 29266646.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Estimating causal effects for survival (time-to-event) outcomes by combining classification tree analysis and propensity score weighting. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):380-387. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 29230910.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. Identifying causal mechanisms in health care interventions using classification tree analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):353-361. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 29105259.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    49. Precommitting to choose wisely about low-value services: a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial. BMJ Qual Saf. 2018 05; 27(5):355-364. Kullgren JT, Krupka E, Schachter A, Linden A, Miller J, Acharya Y, Alford J, Duffy R, Adler-Milstein J. PMID: 29066616.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    50. Minimizing imbalances on patient characteristics between treatment groups in randomized trials using classification tree analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Dec; 23(6):1309-1315. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 28675602.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    51. Modeling time-to-event (survival) data using classification tree analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Dec; 23(6):1299-1308. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 28670833.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Using classification tree analysis to generate propensity score weights. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Aug; 23(4):703-712. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 28371206.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    53. Improving causal inference with a doubly robust estimator that combines propensity score stratification and weighting. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Aug; 23(4):697-702. Linden A. PMID: 28116816.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    54. A comparison of approaches for stratifying on the propensity score to reduce bias. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Aug; 23(4):690-696. Linden A. PMID: 28074629.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    55. A comprehensive set of post-estimation measures to enrich interrupted time series analysis. Stata Journal. 2017; 17(1):73–88. Linden A.
    56. Computing propensity score weights for CTA models involving perfectly predicted endpoints. Optimal Data Analysis. 2017; 6:43-46. Yarnold PR, Linden A.
    57. Persistent threats to validity in single-group interrupted time series analysis with a cross over design. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Apr; 23(2):419-425. Linden A. PMID: 27804216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    58. Challenges to validity in single-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Apr; 23(2):413-418. Linden A. PMID: 27630090.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    59. Combining machine learning and propensity score weighting to estimate causal effects in multivalued treatments. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):871-881. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 27421786.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    60. Combining machine learning and matching techniques to improve causal inference in program evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):864-870. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 27353301.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    61. Using machine learning to model dose-response relationships. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):856-863. Linden A, Yarnold PR, Nallamothu BK. PMID: 27240883.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    62. Using machine learning to identify structural breaks in single-group interrupted time series designs. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):851-855. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 27091355.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    63. Using machine learning to assess covariate balance in matching studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):844-850. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 27004916.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    64. Using data mining techniques to characterize participation in observational studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):835-843. Linden A, Yarnold PR. PMID: 26805004.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    65. Using machine learning to model dose-response relationships via ODA: eliminating response variable baseline variation by ipsative standardization. Optimal Data Analysis. 2016; 5:41-52. Yarnold PR, Linden A.
    66. Review of “Maximizing Predictive Accuracy By P. R. Yarnold R. C. Soltysik. ODA Books, Chicago, IL, 2016, $98.00, 396 pp. ISBN 0 692 70092 7”. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016; 22:835-838. Linden A.
    67. Novometric analysis with ordered class variables: The optimal alternative to linear regression analysis. Optimal Data Analysis. 2016; 22:65-73. Yarnold PR, Linden A.
    68. Theoretical aspects of the D statistic. Optimal Data Analysis. 2016; 22:171-174. Yarnold PR, Linden A.
    69. Estimating Measurement Error of the Patient Activation Measure for Respondents with Partially Missing Data. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015:270168. Linden A. PMID: 26636096; PMCID: PMC4655275.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    
    70. Estimating causal effects for multivalued treatments: a comparison of approaches. Stat Med. 2016 Feb 20; 35(4):534-52. Linden A, Uysal SD, Ryan A, Adams JL. PMID: 26482211.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    71. Conducting interrupted time-series analysis for single- and multiple-group comparisons. Stata Journal. 2015; 15(2):480-500. Linden A.
    72. Graphical displays for assessing covariate balance in matching studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2015 Apr; 21(2):242-7. Linden A. PMID: 25545944.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    73. A comprehensive hospital-based intervention to reduce readmissions for chronically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Manag Care. 2014 Oct; 20(10):783-92. Linden A, Butterworth S. PMID: 25365681.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    74. Combining propensity score-based stratification and weighting to improve causal inference in the evaluation of health care interventions. J Eval Clin Pract. 2014 Dec; 20(6):1065-71. Linden A. PMID: 25266868.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    75. Review of “An Introduction to Stata for Health Researchers, Fourth Edition, by Juul and Frydenberg.”. Stata Journal. 2014; 14(3):697-700. Linden A.
    76. Assessing regression to the mean effects in health care initiatives. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013 Sep 28; 13:119. Linden A. PMID: 24073634; PMCID: PMC3849564.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    77. Using balance statistics to determine the optimal number of controls in matching studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2013 Oct; 19(5):968-75. Linden A, Samuels SJ. PMID: 23910956.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    78. Advancing current approaches to disease management evaluation: capitalizing on heterogeneity to understand what works and for whom. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013 Mar 14; 13:40. Elissen AM, Adams JL, Spreeuwenberg M, Duimel-Peeters IG, Spreeuwenberg C, Linden A, Vrijhoef HJ. PMID: 23497125; PMCID: PMC3626873.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    79. Using mediation analysis to identify causal mechanisms in disease management interventions. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology. 2013; 13:86-108. Linden A, Karlson KB.
    80. Estimating measurement error when annualizing health care costs. J Eval Clin Pract. 2013 Oct; 19(5):933-7. Linden A, Samuels SJ. PMID: 22844978.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    81. Combining the regression discontinuity design and propensity score-based weighting to improve causal inference in program evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2012 Apr; 18(2):317-25. Linden A, Adams JL. PMID: 22304484.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    82. Identifying spin in health management evaluations. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011 Dec; 17(6):1223-30. Linden A. PMID: 21210897.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    83. Use of an algorithm applied to urine drug screening to assess adherence to a hydrocodone regimen. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2011; 36(2):200-207. Couto J, Webster L, Romney M, Leider H, Linden A.
    84. A successful hospital-based disease management program to reduce admissions among patients with multiple chronic illnesses. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. 2011; 4(1):675-682. Linden A, Bonollo M, Fiddes K.
    85. Applying a propensity score-based weighting model to interrupted time series data: improving causal inference in programme evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011 Dec; 17(6):1231-8. Linden A, Adams JL. PMID: 20973870.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 60     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    86. Designing a prospective study when randomization is not feasible. Eval Health Prof. 2011 Jun; 34(2):164-80. Linden A. PMID: 20696741.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    87. Help patients with chronic kidney disease stave off dialysis. J Fam Pract. 2010 Apr; 59(4):212-9. Linden A, Biuso TJ, Butterworth SW. PMID: 20398579.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    88. Using propensity score-based weighting in the evaluation of health management programme effectiveness. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010 Feb; 16(1):175-9. Linden A, Adams JL. PMID: 20367829.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    89. Motivational interviewing-based health coaching as a chronic care intervention. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010 Feb; 16(1):166-74. Linden A, Butterworth SW, Prochaska JO. PMID: 20367828.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 55     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    90. Evaluating health management programmes over time: application of propensity score-based weighting to longitudinal data. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010 Feb; 16(1):180-5. Linden A, Adams JL. PMID: 20367830.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    91. Use of an algorithm applied to urine drug screening to assess adherence to an oxycontin regimen. J Opioid Manag. 2009 Nov-Dec; 5(6):359-64. Couto JE, Webster L, Romney MC, Leider HL, Linden A. PMID: 20073409.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    92. Improving participant selection in disease management programmes: insights gained from propensity score stratification. J Eval Clin Pract. 2008 Oct; 14(5):914-8. Linden A, Adams JL. PMID: 19018926.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    93. Disease management: truth in advertising. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Sep-Oct; 27(5):1482-3; author reply 1483-4. Linden A. PMID: 18780941.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    94. Narrow model. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 May-Jun; 27(3):899-900; author reply 900. Linden A. PMID: 18474995.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    95. Sample size in disease management program evaluation: the challenge of demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in admissions. Dis Manag. 2008 Apr; 11(2):95-101. Linden A. PMID: 18393649.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    96. Disease management in chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2008 Jan; 15(1):19-28. Rastogi A, Linden A, Nissenson AR. PMID: 18155106.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    97. Medicare disease management in policy context. Health Care Financ Rev. 2008; 29(3):1-11. Linden A, Adler-Milstein J. PMID: 18567239; PMCID: PMC4195041.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    98. The case-mix of chronic illness hospitalization rates in a managed care population: implications for health management programmes. J Eval Clin Pract. 2007 Dec; 13(6):947-51. Linden A, Goldberg S. PMID: 18070267.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    99. Evaluation of a medicaid asthma disease management program. Dis Manag. 2007 Oct; 10(5):266-72. Linden A, Berg GD, Wadhwa S. PMID: 17961079.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    100. Determining if disease management saves money: an introduction to meta-analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2007 Jun; 13(3):400-7. Linden A, Adams JL. PMID: 17518806.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    101. A conceptual framework for targeting prediabetes with lifestyle, clinical, and behavioral management interventions. Dis Manag. 2007 Feb; 10(1):6-15. Biuso TJ, Butterworth S, Linden A. PMID: 17309360.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    102. Estimating the effect of regression to the mean in health management programs. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(1):7-12. Linden A.
    103. Use of the total population approach to measure U.S. disease management industry's cost savings: issues and implications. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(1):13-18. Linden A.
    104. Health coaching as an intervention in health management programs. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(5):299-307. Butterworth S, Linden A, McClay W.
    105. Consensus development and application of ICD-9 codes for defining chronic illnesses and their complications. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(5):315-322. Linden A, Biuso TJ, Gopal A, Barker AF, Cigarroa J, Haranath SP, Rinkevich D, Stajduhar K.
    106. Evaluating program effectiveness using the regression point displacement design. Eval Health Prof. 2006 Dec; 29(4):407-23. Linden A, Trochim WM, Adams JL. PMID: 17102063.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    107. Is Israel ready for disease management? Isr Med Assoc J. 2006 Oct; 8(10):667-71. Linden A. PMID: 17125109.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    108. Effect of motivational interviewing-based health coaching on employees' physical and mental health status. J Occup Health Psychol. 2006 Oct; 11(4):358-65. Butterworth S, Linden A, McClay W, Leo MC. PMID: 17059299.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    109. Strengthening the case for disease management effectiveness: un-hiding the hidden bias. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):140-7. Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. PMID: 16579822.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    110. Evaluating disease management programme effectiveness: an introduction to instrumental variables. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):148-54. Linden A, Adams JL. PMID: 16579823.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    111. What will it take for disease management to demonstrate a return on investment? New perspectives on an old theme. Am J Manag Care. 2006 Apr; 12(4):217-22. Linden AL. PMID: 16610923.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    112. Evaluating disease management programme effectiveness: an introduction to the regression discontinuity design. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):124-31. Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. PMID: 16579820.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    113. Disease management interventions II: What else is in the black box? Dis Manag. 2006 Apr; 9(2):73-85. Linden A, Butterworth SW, Roberts N. PMID: 16620193.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    114. Measuring diagnostic and predictive accuracy in disease management: an introduction to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):132-9. Linden A. PMID: 16579821.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 140     Fields:    
    115. Evaluating the effectiveness of home health as a disease management strategy. Home Health Care Management & Practice. 2006; 3(18):216-222. Linden A.
    116. In search of financial savings from disease management: Applying the number needed to decrease (NND) analysis to a diabetic population. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2006; 4(14):197-202. Linden A, Biuso TJ.
    117. Using visual displays as a tool to demonstrate disease management program effectiveness. Dis Manag. 2005 Oct; 8(5):301-10. Linden A, Roberts N. PMID: 16212515.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    118. Letter regarding article by Galbreath et al, "Long-term healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomized, community-based population with heart failure". Circulation. 2005 Jul 05; 112(1):e11; author reply e11. Linden A, Wilson T. PMID: 15998687.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    119. Potential bias in "controls" used in a heart failure disease-management program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Jul; 53(7):1268-9. Wilson T, Linden A. PMID: 16108960.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    120. Financial interests, detailed description of methods, and use of randomized design in a real-world setting. Am J Manag Care. 2005 Jun; 11(6):384; author reply 394. Wilson T, Linden A. PMID: 15974557.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    121. Disease management's economic impact: unproven? Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Mar-Apr; 24(2):566-7; author reply 567. Wilson T, Linden A. PMID: 15757944.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    122. Care management for heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 01; 142(5):386; author reply 386. Linden A, Wilson T. PMID: 15738460.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    123. Asthma disease management: regression to the mean or better? Am J Manag Care. 2005 Mar; 11(3):136; author reply 136-7. Wilson T, Linden A. PMID: 15786850.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    124. A user's guide to the disease management literature: recommendations for reporting and assessing program outcomes. Am J Manag Care. 2005 Feb; 11(2):113-20. Linden A, Roberts N. PMID: 15726859.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    125. Using propensity scores to construct comparable control groups for disease management program evaluation. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2005; 13(2):107-127. Linden A, Adams J, Roberts N.
    126. Evaluating disease management program effectiveness: An introduction to the bootstrap technique. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2005; 3(13):159-167. Linden A, Adams J, Roberts N.
    127. Measuring diabetes management. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004 Nov-Dec; 23(6):277-8; author reply 278-9. Wilson T, Linden A. PMID: 15537618.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    128. Generalizing disease management program results: how to get from here to there. Manag Care Interface. 2004 Jul; 17(7):38-45. Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. PMID: 15341247.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    129. Evaluating disease management program effectiveness: an introduction to survival analysis. Dis Manag. 2004; 7(3):180-90. Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. PMID: 15669578.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    130. Using an empirical method for establishing clinical outcome targets in disease management programs. Dis Manag. 2004; 7(2):93-101. Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. PMID: 15228794.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    131. Disease management interventions: what's in the black box? Dis Manag. 2004; 7(4):275-91. Linden A, Roberts N. PMID: 15671785.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    132. Evaluating disease management program effectiveness adjusting for enrollment (tenure) and seasonality. Research in Health Financial Management. 2004; 9(1):57-68. Linden A, Adams J, Roberts N.
    133. Evaluating disease management program effectiveness: an introduction to time-series analysis. Dis Manag. 2003; 6(4):243-55. Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. PMID: 14736348.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    134. The complete "how to" guide for selecting a disease management vendor. Dis Manag. 2003; 6(1):21-6. Linden A, Roberts N, Keck K. PMID: 12899564.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    135. An assessment of the total population approach for evaluating disease management program effectiveness. Dis Manag. 2003; 6(2):93-102. Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. PMID: 14577903.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    136. A Risk Adjusted Method of Analysis for Bed-day Reporting at CareAmerica Health Plans. 1997. Linden A.
    137. A physiological comparison of forward vs reverse wheelchair ergometry. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1993; 11(25):1265-1268. Linden A, Holland GJ, Loy SF, Vincent WJ.
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