Caroline Stephens, MD, MPH

Title(s)RESIDENT PHYSICIAN, Surgery
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address35 Medical Center Way, #001
San Francisco CA 94143
Phone415-502-1259
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-6740-7222 Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Oregon Health & Science UniversityMD06/2019
    Oregon Health & Science UniversityMPH06/2019Epidemiology
    The George Washington UniversityBA06/2013International Affairs
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    United States Public Health Service20192019 Excellence in Public Health Award
    Association for Academic Surgery2019Senior Medical Student Travel Award

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Caroline Stephens, M.D. M.P.H. is a general surgery resident at UCSF. She attended undergraduate studies at The George Washington University where she studied International Affairs with a concentration in Global Public Health, and medical school at Oregon Health & Science University where she received a M.D. and M.P.H. in Epidemiology.

    Dr. Stephens has a strong interest in strengthening health systems to address disparities in pediatric surgical emergencies and trauma at home and abroad. She has worked with collaborators in Western Regional Alliance for Pediatric Emergency Management and the Pediatric Pandemic Network. She also collaborates with surgeons in Uganda to improve systems for triage, resuscitation, and referral of pediatric patients with surgical emergencies and victims of trauma. She has completed research fellowships with the Center for Health Equity in Surgery & Anesthesia (CHESA) and as the trauma and emergency management research fellow at Benioff Children's Hospital of Oakland.

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    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. State and National Estimates of the Cost of Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness and Lives Saved. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Nov 04; 7(11):e2442154. Newgard CD, Lin A, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Remick KE, Gausche-Hill M, Burd RS, Malveau S, Cook JNB, Jenkins PC, Ames SG, Mann NC, Glass NE, Hewes HA, Fallat M, Salvi A, Carr BG, McConnell KJ, Stephens CQ, Ford R, Auerbach MA, Babcock S, Kuppermann N. PMID: 39485354; PMCID: PMC11530936.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Injury and violence in the context of sustainable development: The first Bethune Round Table in Africa, Bethune Round Table 2024, Conference on Global Surgery, May 16-18, 2024, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Can J Surg. 2024 Sep-Oct; 67(5suppl1):S1-S16. Lett R, Bartolomeos K, Lett R, Laeke T, Tirsit A, Kassahun A, Boniface R, Munthali V, Razek T, Deckelbaum D, Bracco D, Presser E, Belay E, Kifle F, Weiser TG, Iverson K, Takoutsing BD, Dalle DU, Mbangtang CB, Nyalundja AD, Macaraeg J, Dzirasa I, Kanmounye US, Dovlo D, Koram K, Nyarko E, Jumbam DT, Shimber ET, Jaraczewski T, Sgro M, Basmayor AM, Ergete A, Iverson K, Schroeder M, Dodgion C, Gyedu A, Nakua E, Donkor P, Mock C, Awedew A, Laeke T, Yibeltal M, Ayele M, Melkamu H, Bekele S, Hailemariam B, Shiferaw E, Shiferaw Y, Yirdaw W, Sawhney R, Patel S, Basak D, Veetil DK, Roy N, Wärnberg MG, Rath S, Abdullahi MAS, Mbaya K, Kakasanda A, Danjuma S, Olasoji H, Ameh E, Bedada A, Motsumi MJ, Hamda SG, Ibro S, Amdisa D, Tilahun G, Abeza M, Laeke T, Boroditsky M, Hill M, Hilzenrat R, Livergant R, Adams J, Binda C, Chhor A, Hsiao H, Haji F, Chin E, Oyania F, Stephens CQ, Ullrich S, Kotagal M, Bajunirwe F, Ozgediz DE, Poenaru D, Kravarioti D, Wong LY, Teklemariam TL, Tirsit A, Liyew T, Ferguson M, Plackett T, Henry JC, Dodgion C, Abeza MA, Minas SM, Bouchard M, Tennakoon D, Sawhney R, Burra R, Mathew F, Jones A, Virk S, Patel S, Vaghaiwalla T, Hudspeth J, Rabin T, Rowthorn V, Price RR, Raykar N, Eamer G, Mutiso S, Kisaka Y, Gathecha G, Lett R, Onu C, Ameh E, Igoche M, Anyanwu P, Onuh E, Ojeamen O, Yawe ET, Abubakar A, Ashoms Y, Suleiman H, Musa N, Kyengera DK, Abebe N, Gardener R, Berhanu D, Abebe NS, Zeleke HT, Sawhney R, Proulx KR, Gerk A, Guadagno E, Poenaru D, Kundu S, Laor B, Sawhney R, Wurdeman T, Botelho F, Gerk A, Guadagno E, Poenaru D, Ayele M, Kassahun A, Laeke T, Yibeltal M, Hailu B, Fikru E, Ibro SA, Workineh A, Balcha F, Abamecha F, Shemsi S, Alruwaili AS, Rodriguez G, Jose A, Ebied S, Girma S, Abiy A, Assen HE, Tesfaye K, Demeke K, Yiheyis A, Jemal K, Yilkal D, Amsalu A, Derseh L, W/Gerima Y, Belayneh T, Tiruneh M, Bitew A, Yitayih S, Awoke T, Worku C, Mohammed A, Alemu M, Yesuf M, Mamo F, Shitu K, Liyew B, Gucho A, Tilahun G, Love T, Chew A, Kasagga B, Takoutsing B, Ekwaro O, Elobu E, Mengistu DD, Zhuang A, Shiferew B, Mengistu G, Zewdie A, Tadelle N, Gebreyesus A, Presser E, Iverson K, Dodgion C, Weiser TG, Koch R, Starr N, Lau D, Zivkovic I, Joharifard S, Joos E, Garraway N, Vituci F, O'Flynn E, Péric I, Simon L, Ibbotson G, Seyoum T, Azazh A, Beza L, Onah I, Chukwuma C, Berhanu D, Shenoi J, Sears N, Bedore Y, Caplan R, Shale WT. PMID: 39471984; PMCID: PMC11530266.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Correlation of Pediatric Surgical Infrastructure With Clinical and Economic Outcomes: A Cohort Study. J Surg Res. 2024 Oct 05; 303:215-223. Negash S, Yap A, Stephens CQ, Nigussie BG, Tefera RF, Bryce E, Cheung M, Fedatto M, Laverde R, Ozgediz D, Tadesse A, Derbew M. PMID: 39369594.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    4. Children's surgery and the emergency, critical, and operative care resolution: immediate actions to eliminate disparities in surgical anesthesia and perioperative care for all children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024 Aug 01; 40(1):213. Stephens CQ, Butler MW, Samad L, Seyi-Olajide JO, Evans FM, Gathuya Z, McLeod E, Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery. PMID: 39088047.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Extreme Weather Injuries and Fatalities, 2006 to 2021. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Aug 01; 7(8):e2429826. Stephens CQ, Newton C, Kappy B, Melhado CG, Fallat ME. PMID: 39186269.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Promoting Female Surgeons Through Structured Award Nominations. Ann Surg. 2024 Jul 02. Trang K, Stephens CQ, Flanagan C, Yap A, Brown A, Kelly Y, Yeo HL, Sosa JA, Kornblith LZ, Varma MG. PMID: 38953217.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    7. Changes in Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness and Mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 01; 7(7):e2422107. Newgard CD, Rakshe S, Salvi A, Lin A, Cook JNB, Gausche-Hill M, Kuppermann N, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Burd RS, Malveau S, Jenkins PC, Stephens CQ, Glass NE, Hewes H, Mann NC, Ames SG, Fallat M, Jensen AR, Ford RL, Child A, Carr B, Lang K, Buchwalder K, Remick KE. PMID: 39037816; PMCID: PMC11265139.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Treatment abandonment in children with Wilms tumor at a national referral hospital in Uganda. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024 Jun 27; 40(1):162. Nanteza S, Yap A, Stephens CQ, Kambagu JB, Kisa P, Kakembo N, Fadil G, Nimanya SA, Okello I, Naluyimbazi R, Mbwali F, Kayima P, Ssewanyana Y, Grabski D, Naik-Mathuria B, Langer M, Ozgediz D, Sekabira J. PMID: 38926234; PMCID: PMC11208238.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Children's surgery and the emergency, critical, and operative care resolution: Immediate actions to eliminate disparities in surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative care for all children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2024 09; 34(9):831-834. Stephens CQ, Butler MW, Samad L, Seyi-Olajide JO, Evans FM, Gathuya Z, McLeod E, Global Initiative for Children's Surgery. PMID: 38853668.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Evaluating Health Literacy in Families of Injured Children: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study at a Level One Pediatric Trauma Center. J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Jul; 59(7):1315-1318. Melhado C, Kao E, Evans L, Stephens CQ, Lee H, Jensen AR. PMID: 38614949.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Efforts to improve outcomes among neonates with complex intestinal atresia: a single-center low-income country experience. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024 Mar 06; 40(1):70. Okello I, Stephens CQ, Kakembo N, Kisa P, Nimanya S, Yap A, Wesonga AS, Naluyimbazi R, Kayima P, Ssewanyana Y, Ozgediz D, Sekabira J. PMID: 38446259; PMCID: PMC10917857.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Factors associated with trauma recidivism in young children. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024 Sep 01; 97(3):421-428. Stephens CQ, Melhado CG, Shui AM, Yap A, Moses W, Jensen AR, Newton C. PMID: 38189666.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Pediatric Emergency Surgery Course in Uganda: Long-Term Follow-Up and Insights From Further Dissemination. J Surg Res. 2024 Mar; 295:837-845. Klazura G, Stephens C, Musinguzi E, Mugarura R, Nyonyintono J, Laverde R, Nimanya S, Situma M, Bua E, Yap A, Sims T, Ozgediz D, Kisa P. PMID: 38194867; PMCID: PMC10922965.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Setting an agenda for a national pediatric trauma system: Operationalization of the Pediatric Trauma State Assessment Score. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024 May 01; 96(5):838-850. Stephens CQ, Fallat ME. PMID: 37962143.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. The Pediatric Emergency Surgery Course: Impact on Provider Practice in Rural Uganda. J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Jan; 59(1):146-150. Klazura G, Situma M, Musinguzi E, Mugarura R, Nyonyintono J, Yap A, Stephens CQ, Ullrich S, Kakembo N, Sekabira J, Ssemeju A, Bwesigye M, Muzaki D, Sims T, Proscovia N, Mbambu J, Kwikiriza D, Arinda F, Ozgediz D, Kisa P. PMID: 37914591; PMCID: PMC10842949.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    16. Association of Transport Time, Proximity, and Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness With Pediatric Survival at US Trauma Centers. JAMA Surg. 2023 10 01; 158(10):1078-1087. Glass NE, Salvi A, Wei R, Lin A, Malveau S, Cook JNB, Mann NC, Burd RS, Jenkins PC, Hansen M, Mohr NM, Stephens C, Fallat ME, Lerner EB, Carr BG, Wall SP, Newgard CD. PMID: 37556154; PMCID: PMC10413216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Impact of Bowel Coverage and Resuscitation Protocol on Gastroschisis Mortality in Low-Income Countries: Experience and Lessons From Uganda. J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Jan; 59(1):151-157. Nimanya SA, Stephens CQ, Yap A, Kisa P, Kakembo N, Wesonga A, Okello I, Naluyimbazi R, Mbwali F, Kayima P, Ssewanyana Y, Naik-Mathuria B, Ozgediz D, Sekabira J. PMID: 37838617.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Routine Pediatric Surgical Emergencies: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality During the 1st 8000 Days of Life-A Narrative Review. World J Surg. 2023 12; 47(12):3419-3428. Abbas A, Laverde R, Yap A, Stephens CQ, Samad L, Seyi-Olajide JO, Ameh EA, Ozgediz D, Lakhoo K, Bickler SW, Meara JG, Bundy D, Jamison DT, Klazura G, Sykes A, Philipo GS, GICS. PMID: 37341797; PMCID: PMC10694096.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    19. Functional impairment associated with nonfatal pediatric firearm injuries. Surgery. 2023 09; 174(3):692-697. Melhado CG, Sullivan TM, Stephens CQ, Burd RS, Jensen AR. PMID: 37301611.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Interrater reliability of chart-based assessment of functional impairment after pediatric injury using the functional status scale. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 09 01; 95(3):391-396. Melhado CG, Kao E, Hogan-Schlientz J, Crane D, Shui AM, Stephens CQ, Evans L, Burd RS, Jensen AR. PMID: 37012628.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Pediatric Trauma Care Standardization: A Statewide Survey of Trauma Providers and Program Managers. J Surg Res. 2023 08; 288:178-187. Stephens CQ, Ashok A, Gee A, Jafri M, Hamilton NA, Lehrfeld D, Newgard C, Krishnaswami S. PMID: 36989834.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Epidemiologic factors associated with neonatal bowel perforations in Uganda: experience from a single tertiary referral hospital. Annals of Pediatric Surgery. 2023; 19(43). Okello, I, Kakembo, N, Kisa, P, Nimanya, S, Stephens, CQ, Yap, A, Wesonga, AS, Naluyimbazi, R, Sekabira, J. View Publication.
    23. Failure of primary closure predicts prolonged length of stay in gastroschisis patients. Pediatr Surg Int. 2021 Jan; 37(1):77-83. Lin S, Stephens C, Cunningham A, Hamilton N. PMID: 33151349.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Ethics in Global Pediatric Surgery: Existing Dilemmas and Emerging Challenges. World J Surg. 2019 06; 43(6):1466-1473. Cunningham AJ, Stephens CQ, Ameh EA, Mshelbwala P, Nwomeh B, Krishnaswami S. PMID: 30850871.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. History of adolescent birth and diabetes in adulthood: a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of American women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021 Mar; 34(5):714-719. Skeith AE, Stephens CQ, Nielson CM, Caughey AB. PMID: 31039650.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Computerized Residency Interview Scheduling: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Categorical General Surgery Applicants. J Surg Educ. 2019 Jan - Feb; 76(1):36-42. Hoops HE, Brasel KJ, Stephens CQ, Anderson EM, LeBlanc L, Krishnaswami S. PMID: 30025941.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Utilizing Technology for Global Surgery: A Survey of the West African College of Surgeons. J Surg Res. 2018 12; 232:202-208. Stephens CQ, Ashok A, Ameh EA, Swaroop M, Nwomeh BC, Yang E, Krishnaswami S. PMID: 30463719.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Neonatal echocardiogram in duodenal obstruction is unnecessary after normal fetal cardiac imaging. J Pediatr Surg. 2018 Nov; 53(11):2145-2149. Stephens CQ, Dukhovny S, Rowland KJ, Hamilton NA. PMID: 29866484.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. An academic career in global surgery: a position paper from the Society of University Surgeons Committee on Academic Global Surgery. Surgery. 2018 04; 163(4):954-960. Krishnaswami S, Stephens CQ, Yang GP, Nwomeh BC, Swaroop M, Nadler EP, Holterman AX, Simeone DM, Kingham TP, Merchant N, Orloff SL. PMID: 29254606.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Limiting thoracic CT: a rule for use during initial pediatric trauma evaluation. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Dec; 52(12):2031-2037. Stephens CQ, Boulos MC, Connelly CR, Gee A, Jafri M, Krishnaswami S. PMID: 28927984.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Use of computerized interview scheduling program for pediatric surgery match applicants. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Jun; 52(6):1056-1059. Stephens CQ, Hamilton NA, Thompson AE, Krishnaswami S. PMID: 28351518.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
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