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    Bruce Alberts, PhD

    TitleProfessor
    SchoolUCSF School of Medicine
    DepartmentBiochemistry and Biophysics
    Address600 16th Street
    San Francisco CA 94158
    Phone415-476-0806
    vCardDownload vCard

      Collapse Biography 
      Collapse Education and Training
      Harvard UniversityPhDBiophysics1965
      Harvard UniversityB.S.Biochemical Sciences1960
      Collapse Awards and Honors
      Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation2016Lasker~Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science
      National Science Foundation (NSF)2014National Medal of Science
      Science Festival Bay Bio2011DiNA Award
      National Science Foundation (NSF)2010Vannevar Bush Award
      American Institute of Biological Sciences2009Education Award
      American Educational Research Association 2008Public Service Award
      Excellence in Science Education2006Lawrence Hall of Science Award
      New York Academy of Sciences 2006Member
      Order of the British Empire 2005Commander
      American Society for Developmental Biology2005Viktor Hamburger Outstanding Educator Prize
      Association of American Geographers2004Presidential Achievement Award
      National Academy of Education 2003Member

      Collapse Overview 
      Collapse Overview
      Bruce Alberts, a prominent biochemist with a strong commitment to the improvement of science and mathematics education, served as Editor-in-Chief of Science (2009-2013) and as one of the first three United States Science Envoys (2009-2011). Alberts is now the Chancellor’s Leadership Chair in Biochemistry and Biophysics for Science and Education at the University of California, San Francisco, to which he returned after serving two six-year terms as the president of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).

      During his tenure at the NAS, Alberts was instrumental in developing the landmark National Science Education standards that have been implemented in school systems nationwide. The type of “science as inquiry” teaching we need, says Alberts, emphasizes “logical, hands-on problem solving, and it insists on having evidence for claims that can be confirmed by others. It requires work in cooperative groups, where those with different types of talents can discover them – developing self confidence and an ability to communicate effectively with others.”

      Alberts is also noted as one of the original authors of The Molecular Biology of the Cell, a preeminent textbook in the field soon to be in its sixth edition. For the period 2000 to 2009, he served as the co-chair of the InterAcademy Council, a new organization in Amsterdam governed by the presidents of 15 national academies of sciences and established to provide scientific advice to the world.

      Committed in his international work to the promotion of the “creativity, openness and tolerance that are inherent to science,” Alberts believes that “scientists all around the world must now band together to help create more rational, scientifically-based societies that find dogmatism intolerable.”

      Widely recognized for his work in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology, Alberts has earned many honors and awards, including 16 honorary degrees. He currently serves on the advisory boards of more than 25 non-profit institutions, including the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.


      Collapse ORNG Applications 
      Collapse In The News
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      Collapse Bibliographic 
      Collapse Publications
      Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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      1. Alberts B, Kamb A. Publishing confirming and non-confirming data. F1000Res. 2016; 5:135. PMID: 26998234.
        View in: PubMed
      2. Alberts B. Empowering great teachers. Science. 2016 Jan 15; 351(6270):207. PMID: 26816352.
        View in: PubMed
      3. Alberts B, Cicerone RJ, Fienberg SE, Kamb A, McNutt M, Nerem RM, Schekman R, Shiffrin R, Stodden V, Suresh S, Zuber MT, Pope BK, Jamieson KH. SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY. Self-correction in science at work. Science. 2015 Jun 26; 348(6242):1420-2. PMID: 26113701.
        View in: PubMed
      4. Alberts B, Kirschner MW, Tilghman S, Varmus H. Opinion: Addressing systemic problems in the biomedical research enterprise. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 17; 112(7):1912-3. PMID: 25691698; PMCID: PMC4343141.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      5. Alberts B. PAUL MEAD DOTY, 1 JUNE 1920 - 5 DECEMBER 2011. Proc Am Philos Soc. 2014 Dec; 158(4):423-8. PMID: 26665589.
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      6. Alberts B, Kirschner MW, Tilghman S, Varmus H. Rescuing US biomedical research from its systemic flaws. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 22; 111(16):5773-7. PMID: 24733905; PMCID: PMC4000813.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      7. Alberts B, McNutt M. Science demystified. Science. 2013 Oct 18; 342(6156):289. PMID: 24136936.
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      8. Alberts B, Beachy R, Baulcombe D, Blobel G, Datta S, Fedoroff N, Kennedy D, Khush GS, Peacock J, Rees M, Sharp P. Standing up for GMOs. Science. 2013 Sep 20; 341(6152):1320. PMID: 24052276.
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      9. Alberts B. After 5 years at Science. Science. 2013 May 31; 340(6136):1015. PMID: 23723204.
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      10. Alberts B. Impact factor distortions. Science. 2013 May 17; 340(6134):787. PMID: 23687012.
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      11. Alberts B. On effective leadership. Science. 2013 May 10; 340(6133):660. PMID: 23661724.
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      12. Alberts B. Prioritizing science education. Science. 2013 Apr 19; 340(6130):249. PMID: 23599445.
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      13. Alberts B. Am I wrong? Science. 2013 Mar 15; 339(6125):1252. PMID: 23493681.
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      14. Alberts B. Why national science academies? Science. 2013 Mar 1; 339(6123):1011. PMID: 23449561.
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      15. Alberts B. Designing scientific meetings. Science. 2013 Feb 15; 339(6121):737. PMID: 23413322.
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      16. Coffey J, Alberts B. Improving education standards. Science. 2013 Feb 1; 339(6119):489. PMID: 23371979.
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      17. Alberts B. Reflecting on goals for Science. Science. 2013 Jan 4; 339(6115):10. PMID: 23288513.
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      18. Alberts B. The breakthroughs of 2012. Science. 2012 Dec 21; 338(6114):1511. PMID: 23258851.
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      19. Alberts B. Mobilizing scientific societies. Science. 2012 Dec 14; 338(6113):1396. PMID: 23239700.
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      20. Alberts B. Failure of skin-deep learning. Science. 2012 Dec 7; 338(6112):1263. PMID: 23224524.
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      21. Alberts B. Thriving on common ground. Science. 2012 Oct 26; 338(6106):443. PMID: 23112298.
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      22. Alberts B. The end of "small science"? Science. 2012 Sep 28; 337(6102):1583. PMID: 23019614.
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      23. Austin J, Alberts B. Planning career paths for Ph.D.s. Science. 2012 Sep 7; 337(6099):1149. PMID: 22955803.
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      24. Alberts B. H5N1. Introduction. Science. 2012 Jun 22; 336(6088):1521. PMID: 22723406.
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      25. Alberts B. Scientist citizen: an interview with Bruce Alberts. PLoS Genet. 2012 May; 8(5):e1002743. PMID: 22693457; PMCID: PMC3364944.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      26. Alberts B. Creativity at the interface. Science. 2012 Apr 13; 336(6078):131. PMID: 22499904.
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      27. Alberts B. Teaching real science. Science. 2012 Jan 27; 335(6067):380. PMID: 22282774.
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      28. Alberts B. Trivializing science education. Science. 2012 Jan 20; 335(6066):263. PMID: 22267776.
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      29. Alberts B. Voices of the next generation. Science. 2012 Jan 6; 335(6064):13. PMID: 22223776.
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      30. Alberts B. Retraction. Science. 2011 Dec 23; 334(6063):1636. PMID: 22194552.
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      31. Alberts B. Science breakthroughs. Science. 2011 Dec 23; 334(6063):1604. PMID: 22194530.
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      32. Alberts B. Science adapters wanted. Science. 2011 Nov 25; 334(6059):1031. PMID: 22116841.
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      33. Alberts B. Editorial expression of concern. Science. 2011 Nov 11; 334(6057):760. PMID: 22045832.
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      34. Alberts B. Editorial expression of concern. Science. 2011 Oct 21; 334(6054):310. PMID: 22021836.
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      35. Alberts B. Turkey and science academies. Science. 2011 Sep 30; 333(6051):1801. PMID: 21960594.
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      36. Alberts B. A grand challenge in biology. Science. 2011 Sep 2; 333(6047):1200. PMID: 21885740.
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      37. Alberts B. Getting education right. Science. 2011 Aug 19; 333(6045):919. PMID: 21852458.
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      38. Alberts B. Editorial expression of concern. Science. 2011 Jul 1; 333(6038):35. PMID: 21719658.
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      39. Alberts B. Editor's note. Science. 2011 Jun 3; 332(6034):1149. PMID: 21636758.
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      40. Alberts B. The new Egypt. Science. 2011 Apr 29; 332(6029):513. PMID: 21527679.
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      41. Alberts B. The Young Academy movement. Science. 2011 Apr 15; 332(6027):283. PMID: 21493825.
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      42. Alberts B. The challenge of cancer. Science. 2011 Mar 25; 331(6024):1491. PMID: 21436405.
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      43. Hanson B, Sugden A, Alberts B. Making data maximally available. Science. 2011 Feb 11; 331(6018):649. PMID: 21310971.
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      44. Alberts B. Lessons from genomics. Science. 2011 Feb 4; 331(6017):511. PMID: 21292941.
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      45. Alberts B. A new college Science prize. Science. 2011 Jan 7; 331(6013):10. PMID: 21212326.
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      46. Alberts B. Model organisms and human health. Science. 2010 Dec 24; 330(6012):1724. PMID: 21177975.
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      47. Alberts B. Is the frontier really endless? Science. 2010 Dec 17; 330(6011):1587. PMID: 21163969.
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      48. Alberts B. Policy-making needs science. Science. 2010 Dec 3; 330(6009):1287. PMID: 21127219.
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      49. Alberts B. Cell biology: the endless frontier. Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Nov 15; 21(22):3785. PMID: 21079009; PMCID: PMC2982093.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      50. Alberts B. Editorial expression of concern. Science. 2010 Nov 12; 330(6006):912. PMID: 21071647.
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      51. Alberts B. Driving U.S. energy leadership. Science. 2010 Oct 29; 330(6004):559. PMID: 21030613.
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      52. Alberts B. An education that inspires. Science. 2010 Oct 22; 330(6003):427. PMID: 20966219.
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      53. Alberts B. Overbuilding research capacity. Science. 2010 Sep 10; 329(5997):1257. PMID: 20829455.
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      54. Alberts B. Reframing science standards. Science. 2010 Jul 30; 329(5991):491. PMID: 20671157.
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      55. Alberts B. Prioritizing science education. Science. 2010 Apr 23; 328(5977):405. PMID: 20413460.
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      56. Alberts B. Science education web sites. Science. 2010 Jan 29; 327(5965):504. PMID: 20110470.
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      57. Alberts B. Promoting scientific standards. Science. 2010 Jan 1; 327(5961):12. PMID: 20044544.
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      58. Alberts B. The breakthroughs of 2009. Science. 2009 Dec 18; 326(5960):1589. PMID: 20019250.
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      59. Alberts B. Editorial expression of concern. Science. 2010 Jan 8; 327(5962):144. PMID: 20019246.
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      60. Alberts B. On incentives for innovation. Science. 2009 Nov 27; 326(5957):1163. PMID: 19965437.
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      61. Alberts B. On becoming a scientist. Science. 2009 Nov 13; 326(5955):916. PMID: 19965482.
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      62. Alberts B. The art of translation. Science. 2009 Oct 9; 326(5950):205. PMID: 19815740.
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      63. Alberts B. Understanding human origins. Science. 2009 Oct 2; 326(5949):17. PMID: 19797627.
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      64. Alberts B. Redefining cancer research. Science. 2009 Sep 11; 325(5946):1319. PMID: 19745119.
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      65. Alberts B. Open access: the sooner the better. Science. 2009 Jul 17; 325(5938):266. PMID: 19608895.
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      66. Alberts B. Retraction. Science. 2009 Apr 24; 324(5926):463. PMID: 19390025.
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      67. Alberts B. Science for science. Science. 2009 Apr 3; 324(5923):13. PMID: 19342554.
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      68. Alberts B. Redefining science education. Science. 2009 Jan 23; 323(5913):437. PMID: 19164710.
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      69. Alberts B. Making a science of education. Science. 2009 Jan 2; 323(5910):15. PMID: 19119187.
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      70. Alberts B. Celebrating a year of Science. Science. 2008 Dec 19; 322(5909):1757. PMID: 19095901.
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      71. Alberts B. A scientific approach to policy. Science. 2008 Dec 5; 322(5907):1435. PMID: 19056942.
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      72. Alberts B. Bruce Alberts: Education, education, education. [Interview by Ruth Williams]. J Cell Biol. 2008 Sep 8; 182(5):820-1. PMID: 18779365; PMCID: PMC2528572.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      73. Alberts B. Scientific publishing standards. Science. 2008 Sep 5; 321(5894):1271. PMID: 18772400.
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      74. Alberts B, Hanson B, Kelner KL. Reviewing peer review. Science. 2008 Jul 4; 321(5885):15. PMID: 18599743.
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      75. Alberts B. New career paths for scientists. Science. 2008 Apr 18; 320(5874):289. PMID: 18420902.
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      76. Alberts B. Hybrid vigor in science. Science. 2008 Apr 11; 320(5873):155. PMID: 18403678.
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      77. Alberts B. The promise of cancer research. Science. 2008 Apr 4; 320(5872):19. PMID: 18388262.
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      78. Alberts B. Shortcuts to medical progress? Science. 2008 Mar 28; 319(5871):1733. PMID: 18369107.
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      79. Alberts B. Considering science education. Science. 2008 Mar 21; 319(5870):1589. PMID: 18356492.
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      80. Alberts B. A new Editor-in-Chief. Science. 2008 Mar 7; 319(5868):1307. PMID: 18323419.
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      81. Kennedy D, Alberts B. Editorial expression of concern. Science. 2008 Mar 7; 319(5868):1335. PMID: 18316542.
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      82. Alberts B. Obituary: Daniel Koshland (1920-2007). Nature. 2007 Aug 23; 448(7156):882. PMID: 17713525.
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      83. Alberts B. Evaluating education effectiveness. Science. 2006 Apr 7; 312(5770):54-5. PMID: 16601176.
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      84. Alberts B. A wakeup call for science faculty. Cell. 2005 Dec 2; 123(5):739-41. PMID: 16325564.
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      85. Alberts B. Modeling attacks on the food supply. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 12; 102(28):9737-8. PMID: 15985557; PMCID: PMC1175018.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      86. Alberts B. Election to the National Academy of Sciences: Pathways to membership. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 24; 102(21):7405-6. PMID: 16586925.
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      87. Alberts B. Attention, class: a departing NAS president speaks his mind. Interview by Jeffrey Mervis. Science. 2005 May 20; 308(5725):1108. PMID: 15905380.
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      88. Alberts B. A wake-up call. Nature. 2004 Oct 28; 431(7012):1041. PMID: 15510128.
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      89. Harrison SC, Alberts B, Ehrenfeld E, Enquist L, Fineberg H, McKnight SL, Moss B, O'Donnell M, Ploegh H, Schmid SL, Walter KP, Theriot J. Discovery of antivirals against smallpox. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 3; 101(31):11178-92. PMID: 15249657; PMCID: PMC509180.
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      90. Alberts B, Fineberg HV. Harnessing new science is vital for biodefense and global health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 3; 101(31):11177. PMID: 15249671; PMCID: PMC509179.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      91. Alberts B, Labov JB. From the National Academies: teaching the science of evolution. Cell Biol Educ. 2004; 3(2):75-80. PMID: 15257332; PMCID: PMC437646.
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      92. Alberts B. Bio2010 misinterpreted? Science. 2003 Nov 28; 302(5650):1504. PMID: 14645827.
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      93. Alberts B. Walter Kauzmann's contributions to the future of science: a personal recollection. Biophys Chem. 2003 Sep; 105(2-3):175-7. PMID: 14499889.
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      94. Alberts B. DNA replication and recombination. Nature. 2003 Jan 23; 421(6921):431-5. PMID: 12540917.
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      95. Alberts B, May RM. Scientist support for biological weapons controls. Science. 2002 Nov 8; 298(5596):1135. PMID: 12424342.
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      96. Vogelstein B, Alberts B, Shine K. Genetics. Please don't call it cloning! Science. 2002 Feb 15; 295(5558):1237. PMID: 11847324.
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      97. Alberts B. From the National Academies. Cell Biol Educ. 2002; 1(4):109-10. PMID: 12669096; PMCID: PMC149811.
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      98. Moritz M, Braunfeld MB, Alberts BM, Agard DA. Reconstitution of centrosome microtubule nucleation in Drosophila. Methods Cell Biol. 2001; 67:141-8. PMID: 11550465.
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      99. Alberts BM. Are our universities producing too many PhDs? Trends Cell Biol. 1999 Dec; 9(12):M73-5. PMID: 10611688.
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      100. Alberts BM, Ayala FJ, Botstein D, Frank E, Holmes EW, Lee RD, Macagno ER, Marrack P, Oparil S, Orkin SH, Rubenstein AH, Slayman CW, Sparling PF, Squire LR, von Hippel PH, Yamamoto KR. Proposed changes for NIH's Center for Scientific Review. Panel on Scientific Boundaries for Review. Center for Scientific Review Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health. Science. 1999 Jul 30; 285(5428):666-7. PMID: 10454921.
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      101. Moritz M, Alberts BM. Isolation of centrosomes from Drosophila embryos. Methods Cell Biol. 1999; 61:1-12. PMID: 9891306.
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      102. Moritz M, Zheng Y, Alberts BM, Oegema K. Recruitment of the gamma-tubulin ring complex to Drosophila salt-stripped centrosome scaffolds. J Cell Biol. 1998 Aug 10; 142(3):775-86. PMID: 9700165; PMCID: PMC2148159.
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      103. Oegema K, Marshall WF, Sedat JW, Alberts BM. Two proteins that cycle asynchronously between centrosomes and nuclear structures: Drosophila CP60 and CP190. J Cell Sci. 1997 Jul; 110 ( Pt 14):1573-83. PMID: 9247191.
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      104. Aroian RV, Field C, Pruliere G, Kenyon C, Alberts BM. Isolation of actin-associated proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes and their localization in the early embryo. EMBO J. 1997 Apr 1; 16(7):1541-9. PMID: 9130699; PMCID: PMC1169758.
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      105. Barondes SH, Alberts BM, Andreasen NC, Bargmann C, Benes F, Goldman-Rakic P, Gottesman I, Heinemann SF, Jones EG, Kirschner M, Lewis D, Raff M, Roses A, Rubenstein J, Snyder S, Watson SJ, Weinberger DR, Yolken RH. Workshop on schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 4; 94(5):1612-4. PMID: 9050825; PMCID: PMC34140.
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      106. Belanger KG, Mirzayan C, Kreuzer HE, Alberts BM, Kreuzer KN. Two-dimensional gel analysis of rolling circle replication in the presence and absence of bacteriophage T4 primase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Jun 1; 24(11):2166-75. PMID: 8668550; PMCID: PMC145913.
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      107. Kellogg DR, Oegema K, Raff J, Schneider K, Alberts BM. CP60: a microtubule-associated protein that is localized to the centrosome in a cell cycle-specific manner. Mol Biol Cell. 1995 Dec; 6(12):1673-84. PMID: 8590797; PMCID: PMC301324.
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      108. Field CM, Alberts BM. Anillin, a contractile ring protein that cycles from the nucleus to the cell cortex. J Cell Biol. 1995 Oct; 131(1):165-78. PMID: 7559773; PMCID: PMC2120607.
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      109. Moritz M, Braunfeld MB, Fung JC, Sedat JW, Alberts BM, Agard DA. Three-dimensional structural characterization of centrosomes from early Drosophila embryos. J Cell Biol. 1995 Sep; 130(5):1149-59. PMID: 7657699; PMCID: PMC2120545.
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      110. Kellum R, Alberts BM. Heterochromatin protein 1 is required for correct chromosome segregation in Drosophila embryos. J Cell Sci. 1995 Apr; 108 ( Pt 4):1419-31. PMID: 7615663.
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      111. Kellum R, Raff JW, Alberts BM. Heterochromatin protein 1 distribution during development and during the cell cycle in Drosophila embryos. J Cell Sci. 1995 Apr; 108 ( Pt 4):1407-18. PMID: 7615662.
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      112. Liu B, Alberts BM. Head-on collision between a DNA replication apparatus and RNA polymerase transcription complex. Science. 1995 Feb 24; 267(5201):1131-7. PMID: 7855590.
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      113. Hacker KJ, Alberts BM. The slow dissociation of the T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme when stalled by nucleotide omission. An indication of a highly processive enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30; 269(39):24209-20. PMID: 7929077.
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      114. Hacker KJ, Alberts BM. The rapid dissociation of the T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme when stopped by a DNA hairpin helix. A model for polymerase release following the termination of each Okazaki fragment. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30; 269(39):24221-8. PMID: 7929078.
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      115. Alberts BM. How targeted should research and higher education be? Acad Med. 1994 Mar; 69(3):180-4. PMID: 8135966.
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      116. Kellogg DR, Moritz M, Alberts BM. The centrosome and cellular organization. Annu Rev Biochem. 1994; 63:639-74. PMID: 7979251.
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      117. Liu B, Wong ML, Tinker RL, Geiduschek EP, Alberts BM. The DNA replication fork can pass RNA polymerase without displacing the nascent transcript. Nature. 1993 Nov 4; 366(6450):33-9. PMID: 8232535.
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      118. Theurkauf WE, Alberts BM, Jan YN, Jongens TA. A central role for microtubules in the differentiation of Drosophila oocytes. Development. 1993 Aug; 118(4):1169-80. PMID: 8269846.
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      119. Raff JW, Kellogg DR, Alberts BM. Drosophila gamma-tubulin is part of a complex containing two previously identified centrosomal MAPs. J Cell Biol. 1993 May; 121(4):823-35. PMID: 8491775; PMCID: PMC2119782.
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      120. Selick HE, Stormo GD, Dyson RL, Alberts BM. Analysis of five presumptive protein-coding sequences clustered between the primosome genes, 41 and 61, of bacteriophages T4, T2, and T6. J Virol. 1993 Apr; 67(4):2305-16. PMID: 8383243; PMCID: PMC240378.
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      121. Hacker KJ, Alberts BM. Overexpression, purification, sequence analysis, and characterization of the T4 bacteriophage dda DNA helicase. J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 15; 267(29):20674-81. PMID: 1328208.
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      122. Theurkauf WE, Smiley S, Wong ML, Alberts BM. Reorganization of the cytoskeleton during Drosophila oogenesis: implications for axis specification and intercellular transport. Development. 1992 Aug; 115(4):923-36. PMID: 1451668.
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      123. Li JJ, Alberts BM. DNA replication. Eukaryotic initiation rites. Nature. 1992 May 14; 357(6374):114-5. PMID: 1579160.
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      124. Kellogg DR, Alberts BM. Purification of a multiprotein complex containing centrosomal proteins from the Drosophila embryo by chromatography with low-affinity polyclonal antibodies. Mol Biol Cell. 1992 Jan; 3(1):1-11. PMID: 1372522; PMCID: PMC275498.
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      125. Alberts BM. Elementary science education in the United States: how scientists can help. Curr Biol. 1991 Dec; 1(6):339-41. PMID: 15336072.
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      126. Munn MM, Alberts BM. The T4 DNA polymerase accessory proteins form an ATP-dependent complex on a primer-template junction. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 25; 266(30):20024-33. PMID: 1939066.
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      127. Munn MM, Alberts BM. DNA footprinting studies of the complex formed by the T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme at a primer-template junction. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 25; 266(30):20034-44. PMID: 1939067.
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      128. Morrical SW, Wong ML, Alberts BM. Amplification of snap-back DNA synthesis reactions by the uvsX recombinase of bacteriophage T4. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 25; 266(21):14031-8. PMID: 1649833.
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      129. Formosa T, Barry J, Alberts BM, Greenblatt J. Using protein affinity chromatography to probe structure of protein machines. Methods Enzymol. 1991; 208:24-45. PMID: 1779837.
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      130. Miller KG, Field CM, Alberts BM, Kellogg DR. Use of actin filament and microtubule affinity chromatography to identify proteins that bind to the cytoskeleton. Methods Enzymol. 1991; 196:303-19. PMID: 2034126.
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      131. Kellogg DR, Sullivan W, Theurkauf W, Oegema K, Raff JW, Alberts BM. Studies on the centrosome and cytoplasmic organization in the early Drosophila embryo. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1991; 56:649-62. PMID: 1840267.
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      132. Sullivan W, Minden JS, Alberts BM. daughterless-abo-like, a Drosophila maternal-effect mutation that exhibits abnormal centrosome separation during the late blastoderm divisions. Development. 1990 Oct; 110(2):311-23. PMID: 2133540.
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      133. Morrical SW, Alberts BM. The UvsY protein of bacteriophage T4 modulates recombination-dependent DNA synthesis in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 5; 265(25):15096-103. PMID: 2144282.
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      134. Alberts BM. Cell biology: recipes for replication. Nature. 1990 Aug 9; 346(6284):514-5. PMID: 2165566.
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      135. Bonne-Andrea C, Wong ML, Alberts BM. In vitro replication through nucleosomes without histone displacement. Nature. 1990 Feb 22; 343(6260):719-26. PMID: 2304549.
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      136. Cha TA, Alberts BM. Effects of the bacteriophage T4 gene 41 and gene 32 proteins on RNA primer synthesis: coupling of leading- and lagging-strand DNA synthesis at a replication fork. Biochemistry. 1990 Feb 20; 29(7):1791-8. PMID: 2158814.
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      137. Miller KG, Field CM, Alberts BM. Actin-binding proteins from Drosophila embryos: a complex network of interacting proteins detected by F-actin affinity chromatography. J Cell Biol. 1989 Dec; 109(6 Pt 1):2963-75. PMID: 2512303; PMCID: PMC2115944.
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      138. Kellogg DR, Field CM, Alberts BM. Identification of microtubule-associated proteins in the centrosome, spindle, and kinetochore of the early Drosophila embryo. J Cell Biol. 1989 Dec; 109(6 Pt 1):2977-91. PMID: 2574177; PMCID: PMC2115930.
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      139. Bedinger P, Munn M, Alberts BM. Sequence-specific pausing during in vitro DNA replication on double-stranded DNA templates. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 5; 264(28):16880-6. PMID: 2674143.
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      140. Herendeen DR, Kassavetis GA, Barry J, Alberts BM, Geiduschek EP. Enhancement of bacteriophage T4 late transcription by components of the T4 DNA replication apparatus. Science. 1989 Sep 1; 245(4921):952-8. PMID: 2672335.
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      141. Minden JS, Agard DA, Sedat JW, Alberts BM. Direct cell lineage analysis in Drosophila melanogaster by time-lapse, three-dimensional optical microscopy of living embryos. J Cell Biol. 1989 Aug; 109(2):505-16. PMID: 2503522; PMCID: PMC2115721.
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      142. Cha TA, Alberts BM. The bacteriophage T4 DNA replication fork. Only DNA helicase is required for leading strand DNA synthesis by the DNA polymerase holoenzyme. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jul 25; 264(21):12220-5. PMID: 2545703.
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      143. Miller KG, Alberts BM. F-actin affinity chromatography: technique for isolating previously unidentified actin-binding proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul; 86(13):4808-12. PMID: 2740328; PMCID: PMC297504.
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      144. Selick HE, Kreuzer KN, Alberts BM. The bacteriophage T4 insertion/substitution vector system. A method for introducing site-specific mutations into the virus chromosome. J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 15; 263(23):11336-47. PMID: 3403529.
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      145. Kellogg DR, Mitchison TJ, Alberts BM. Behaviour of microtubules and actin filaments in living Drosophila embryos. Development. 1988 Aug; 103(4):675-86. PMID: 3248521.
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      146. Kodadek T, Wong ML, Alberts BM. The mechanism of homologous DNA strand exchange catalyzed by the bacteriophage T4 uvsX and gene 32 proteins. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 5; 263(19):9427-36. PMID: 2967823.
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      147. Alberts BM. Prokaryotic DNA replication mechanisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1987 Dec 15; 317(1187):395-420. PMID: 2894677.
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      148. Kodadek T, Alberts BM. Stimulation of protein-directed strand exchange by a DNA helicase. Nature. 1987 Mar 19-25; 326(6110):312-4. PMID: 2950327.
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      149. Formosa T, Alberts BM. DNA synthesis dependent on genetic recombination: characterization of a reaction catalyzed by purified bacteriophage T4 proteins. Cell. 1986 Dec 5; 47(5):793-806. PMID: 3022939.
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      150. Cha TA, Alberts BM. Studies of the DNA helicase-RNA primase unit from bacteriophage T4. A trinucleotide sequence on the DNA template starts RNA primer synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 25; 261(15):7001-10. PMID: 2422175.
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      151. Formosa T, Alberts BM. Purification and characterization of the T4 bacteriophage uvsX protein. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 5; 261(13):6107-18. PMID: 2939071.
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      152. Karr TL, Alberts BM. Organization of the cytoskeleton in early Drosophila embryos. J Cell Biol. 1986 Apr; 102(4):1494-509. PMID: 3514634; PMCID: PMC2114179.
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      153. Kreuzer KN, Alberts BM. Characterization of a defective phage system for the analysis of bacteriophage T4 DNA replication origins. J Mol Biol. 1986 Mar 20; 188(2):185-98. PMID: 3014155.
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      154. Eichele G, Tickle C, Alberts BM. Studies on the mechanism of retinoid-induced pattern duplications in the early chick limb bud: temporal and spatial aspects. J Cell Biol. 1985 Nov; 101(5 Pt 1):1913-20. PMID: 4055899; PMCID: PMC2113976.
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      155. Alberts BM. Limits to growth: In biology, small science is good science. Cell. 1985 Jun; 41(2):337-8. PMID: 3986906.
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      156. Foe VE, Alberts BM. Reversible chromosome condensation induced in Drosophila embryos by anoxia: visualization of interphase nuclear organization. J Cell Biol. 1985 May; 100(5):1623-36. PMID: 3921555; PMCID: PMC2113892.
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      157. Kreuzer KN, Alberts BM. A defective phage system reveals bacteriophage T4 replication origins that coincide with recombination hot spots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May; 82(10):3345-9. PMID: 3889905; PMCID: PMC397772.
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      158. Burke RL, Munn M, Barry J, Alberts BM. Purification and properties of the bacteriophage T4 gene 61 RNA priming protein. J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 10; 260(3):1711-22. PMID: 3871437.
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      159. Miller KG, Karr TL, Kellogg DR, Mohr IJ, Walter M, Alberts BM. Studies on the cytoplasmic organization of early Drosophila embryos. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1985; 50:79-90. PMID: 3938369.
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      160. Eichele G, Tickle C, Alberts BM. Microcontrolled release of biologically active compounds in chick embryos: beads of 200-microns diameter for the local release of retinoids. Anal Biochem. 1984 Nov 1; 142(2):542-55. PMID: 6543292.
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      161. Jongeneel CV, Bedinger P, Alberts BM. Effects of the bacteriophage T4 dda protein on DNA synthesis catalyzed by purified T4 replication proteins. J Biol Chem. 1984 Oct 25; 259(20):12933-8. PMID: 6092352.
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      162. Jongeneel CV, Formosa T, Alberts BM. Purification and characterization of the bacteriophage T4 dda protein. A DNA helicase that associates with the viral helix-destabilizing protein. J Biol Chem. 1984 Oct 25; 259(20):12925-32. PMID: 6092351.
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      163. Mace DC, Alberts BM. Characterization of the stimulatory effect of T4 gene 45 protein and the gene 44/62 protein complex on DNA synthesis by T4 DNA polymerase. J Mol Biol. 1984 Aug 5; 177(2):313-27. PMID: 6611423.
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      164. Mace DC, Alberts BM. T4 DNA polymerase. Rates and processivity on single-stranded DNA templates. J Mol Biol. 1984 Aug 5; 177(2):295-311. PMID: 6748084.
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      165. Mace DC, Alberts BM. The complex of T4 bacteriophage gene 44 and 62 replication proteins forms an ATPase that is stimulated by DNA and by T4 gene 45 protein. J Mol Biol. 1984 Aug 5; 177(2):279-93. PMID: 6235378.
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      166. Kreuzer KN, Alberts BM. Site-specific recognition of bacteriophage T4 DNA by T4 type II DNA topoisomerase and Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 25; 259(8):5339-46. PMID: 6325431.
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      167. Alberts BM. The DNA enzymology of protein machines. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1984; 49:1-12. PMID: 6597749.
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      168. Formosa T, Alberts BM. The use of affinity chromatography to study proteins involved in bacteriophage T4 genetic recombination. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1984; 49:363-70. PMID: 6335687.
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      169. Jongeneel CV, Formosa T, Munn M, Alberts BM. Enzymological studies of the T4 replication proteins. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1984; 179:17-33. PMID: 6098151.
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      170. Bedinger P, Alberts BM. The 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease of bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase is stimulated by other T4 DNA replication proteins. J Biol Chem. 1983 Aug 25; 258(16):9649-56. PMID: 6604051.
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      171. Bedinger P, Hochstrasser M, Jongeneel CV, Alberts BM. Properties of the T4 bacteriophage DNA replication apparatus: the T4 dda DNA helicase is required to pass a bound RNA polymerase molecule. Cell. 1983 Aug; 34(1):115-23. PMID: 6136341.
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      172. Foe VE, Alberts BM. Studies of nuclear and cytoplasmic behaviour during the five mitotic cycles that precede gastrulation in Drosophila embryogenesis. J Cell Sci. 1983 May; 61:31-70. PMID: 6411748.
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      173. Formosa T, Burke RL, Alberts BM. Affinity purification of bacteriophage T4 proteins essential for DNA replication and genetic recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May; 80(9):2442-6. PMID: 6302682; PMCID: PMC393841.
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      174. Alberts BM, Barry J, Bedinger P, Formosa T, Jongeneel CV, Kreuzer KN. Studies on DNA replication in the bacteriophage T4 in vitro system. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983; 47 Pt 2:655-68. PMID: 6305581.
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      175. Cullis PM, Wolfenden R, Cousens LS, Alberts BM. Inhibition of histone acetylation by N-[2-(S-coenzyme A)acetyl] spermidine amide, a multisubstrate analog. J Biol Chem. 1982 Oct 25; 257(20):12165-9. PMID: 7118937.
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      176. Cousens LS, Alberts BM. Accessibility of newly synthesized chromatin to histone acetylase. J Biol Chem. 1982 Apr 10; 257(7):3945-9. PMID: 7061519.
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      177. Huang CC, Hearst JE, Alberts BM. Two types of replication proteins increase the rate at which T4 DNA polymerase traverses the helical regions in a single-stranded DNA template. J Biol Chem. 1981 Apr 25; 256(8):4087-94. PMID: 6971292.
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      178. Liu CC, Alberts BM. Characterization of the DNA-dependent GTPase activity of T4 gene 41 protein, an essential component of the T4 bacteriophage DNA replication apparatus. J Biol Chem. 1981 Mar 25; 256(6):2813-20. PMID: 6110662.
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      179. Liu CC, Alberts BM. Characterization of RNA primer synthesis in the T4 bacteriophage in vitro DNA replication system. J Biol Chem. 1981 Mar 25; 256(6):2821-9. PMID: 6110663.
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      180. Belikoff E, Wong LJ, Alberts BM. Extensive purification of histone acetylase A, the major histone N-acetyl transferase activity detected in mammalian cell nuclei. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 10; 255(23):11448-53. PMID: 7440547.
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      181. Burke RL, Alberts BM, Hosoda J. Proteolytic removal of the COOH terminus of the T4 gene 32 helix-destabilizing protein alters the T4 in vitro replication complex. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 10; 255(23):11484-93. PMID: 6254971.
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      182. Garcea RL, Alberts BM. Comparative studies of histone acetylation in nucleosomes, nuclei, and intact cells. Evidence for special factors which modify acetylase action. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 10; 255(23):11454-63. PMID: 7440548.
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      183. Liu CC, Alberts BM. Pentaribonucleotides of mixed sequence are synthesized and efficiently prime de novo DNA chain starts in the T4 bacteriophage DNA replication system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct; 77(10):5698-702. PMID: 6934503; PMCID: PMC350136.
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      184. Hibner U, Alberts BM. Fidelity of DNA replication catalysed in vitro on a natural DNA template by the T4 bacteriophage multi-enzyme complex. Nature. 1980 May 29; 285(5763):300-5. PMID: 6246450.
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      185. Sinha NK, Morris CF, Alberts BM. Efficient in vitro replication of double-stranded DNA templates by a purified T4 bacteriophage replication system. J Biol Chem. 1980 May 10; 255(9):4290-3. PMID: 6989836.
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      186. Liu LF, Liu CC, Alberts BM. Type II DNA topoisomerases: enzymes that can unknot a topologically knotted DNA molecule via a reversible double-strand break. Cell. 1980 Mar; 19(3):697-707. PMID: 6244895.
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      187. Palter KB, Alberts BM. The use of DNA-cellulose for analyzing histone-DNA interactions. Discovery of nucleosome-like histone binding to single-stranded DNA. J Biol Chem. 1979 Nov 10; 254(21):11160-9. PMID: 500633.
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      188. Liu LF, Liu CC, Alberts BM. T4 DNA topoisomerase: a new ATP-dependent enzyme essential for initiation of T4 bacteriophage DNA replication. Nature. 1979 Oct 11; 281(5731):456-61. PMID: 226889.
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      189. Bittner M, Burke RL, Alberts BM. Purification of the T4 gene 32 protein free from detectable deoxyribonuclease activities. J Biol Chem. 1979 Oct 10; 254(19):9565-72. PMID: 226522.
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      190. Palter KB, Foe VE, Alberts BM. Evidence for the formation of nucleosome-like histone complexes on single-stranded DNA. Cell. 1979 Oct; 18(2):451-67. PMID: 498278.
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      191. Morris CF, Moran LA, Alberts BM. Purification of gene 41 protein of bacteriophage T4. J Biol Chem. 1979 Jul 25; 254(14):6797-802. PMID: 376535.
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      192. Cousens LS, Gallwitz D, Alberts BM. Different accessibilities in chromatin to histone acetylase. J Biol Chem. 1979 Mar 10; 254(5):1716-23. PMID: 762168.
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      193. Piperno JR, Alberts BM. An ATP stimulation of T4 DNA polymerase mediated via T4 gene 44/62 and 45 proteins. The requirement for ATP hydrolysis. J Biol Chem. 1978 Jul 25; 253(14):5174-9. PMID: 149792.
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      194. Yamamoto KR, Alberts BM. Steroid receptors: elements for modulation of eukaryotic transcription. Annu Rev Biochem. 1976; 45:721-46. PMID: 183602.
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      195. Morris CF, Sinha NK, Alberts BM. Reconstruction of bacteriophage T4 DNA replication apparatus from purified components: rolling circle replication following de novo chain initiation on a single-stranded circular DNA template. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec; 72(12):4800-4. PMID: 1061070; PMCID: PMC388819.
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      196. Yamamoto KR, Alberts BM. In vitro conversion of estradiol-receptor protein to its nuclear form: dependence on hormone and DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Aug; 69(8):2105-9. PMID: 4506080; PMCID: PMC426878.
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      197. Huberman JA, Kornberg A, Alberts BM. Stimulation of T4 bacteriophage DNA polymerase by the protein product of T4 gene 32. J Mol Biol. 1971 Nov 28; 62(1):39-52. PMID: 4945535.
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      198. Alberts BM, Frey L. T4 bacteriophage gene 32: a structural protein in the replication and recombination of DNA. Nature. 1970 Sep 26; 227(5265):1313-8. PMID: 5455134.
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      199. Alberts BM. Function of gene 32-protein, a new protein essential for the genetic recombination and replication of T4 bacteriophage DNA. Fed Proc. 1970 May-Jun; 29(3):1154-63. PMID: 4910266.
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      200. Yamamoto KR, Alberts BM, Benzinger R, Lawhorne L, Treiber G. Rapid bacteriophage sedimentation in the presence of polyethylene glycol and its application to large-scale virus purification. Virology. 1970 Mar; 40(3):734-44. PMID: 4908735.
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      201. Alberts BM. Characterization of a naturally occurring, cross-linked fraction of DNA. II. Origin of the cross-linkage. J Mol Biol. 1968 Mar 14; 32(2):405-21. PMID: 4966871.
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      202. Alberts BM, Doty P. Characterization of a naturally occurring, cross-linked fraction of DNA. 1. Nature of the cross-linkage. J Mol Biol. 1968 Mar 14; 32(2):379-403. PMID: 4966870.
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      203. Alberts BM, Amodio FJ, Jenkins M, Gutmann ED, Ferris FL. Studies with DNA-cellulose chromatography. I. DNA-binding proteins from Escherichia coli. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1968; 33:289-305. PMID: 4891970.
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      204. Alberts BM. Efficient separation of single-stranded and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid in a dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase system. Biochemistry. 1967 Aug; 6(8):2527-32. PMID: 4964524.
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      205. FRESCO JR, ALBERTS BM, DOTY P. Some molecular details of the secondary structure of ribonucleic acid. Nature. 1960 Oct 8; 188:98-101. PMID: 13701785.
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      206. Fresco JR, Alberts BM. THE ACCOMMODATION OF NONCOMPLEMENTARY BASES IN HELICAL POLYRIBONUCLEOTIDES AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1960 Mar; 46(3):311-21. PMID: 16578484; PMCID: PMC222832.
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