Diane Ehrensaft, PhD

Title(s)Professor, Pediatrics
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address1550 Fourth Street, #001
San Francisco CA 94158
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    1. Mental and Emotional Health of Youth after 24 months of Gender-Affirming Medical Care Initiated with Pubertal Suppression. medRxiv. 2025 May 16. Olson-Kennedy J, Durazo-Arvizu R, Wang L, Wong CF, Chen D, Ehrensaft D, Hidalgo MA, Chan YM, Garofalo R, Radix AE, Rosenthal SM. PMID: 40463525; PMCID: PMC12132111.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    2. Clinicians Report Less Comfort in Provision of Medical Care to Nonbinary Transgender Youth. Transgend Health. 2025 Apr; 10(2):150-159. Walch A, Lee JY, Wong JC, Deutsch M, Ehrensaft D, Okumura M, Rosenthal SM. PMID: 40309079; PMCID: PMC12039878.
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    3. Minority stress, mental health, and substance use in transgender youth: the moderating role of positive affect. J Pediatr Psychol. 2025 Mar 18. Parchem B, Berona J, Coyne CA, Moskowitz JT, Chan YM, Ehrensaft D, Garofalo R, Hidalgo MA, Olson-Kennedy J, Rosenthal SM, Tishelman AC, Chen D. PMID: 40100144.
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    4. Emotional Health of Transgender Youth 24 Months After Initiating Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. J Adolesc Health. 2025 Jan 16. Olson-Kennedy J, Wang L, Wong CF, Chen D, Ehrensaft D, Hidalgo MA, Tishelman AC, Chan YM, Garofalo R, Radix AE, Rosenthal SM. PMID: 39818652.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    5. Healthcare Mistreatment is Associated With Psychological Distress, Suicidality, and Substance Use Among Transgender and Nonbinary Emerging Adults. Emerging Adulthood. 2024 Dec 20. Bosse BJ, Kantor KL, Wang WY, Korkodilos KR, Reisner RS, Ehrensaft ED, Herman HJ, Katz-Wise KS. .
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    6. Development of a family-level intervention for families with transgender and/or nonbinary youth: Lessons and recommendations. J Fam Psychol. 2024 Oct; 38(7):995-1006. Katz-Wise SL, Godwin EG, Medzhitova Y, Moore LBM, Parsa N, Hill A, Oparah N, Bogart LM, Rosal MC, Pullen Sansfaçon A, Ehrensaft D, Nishman MM, Austin SB. PMID: 39133597; PMCID: PMC11442118.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Childhood Gender Diversity and Mental Health: Protocol for the Longitudinal, Observational Gender Journey Project. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Aug 09; 13:e55558. Hidalgo MA, Chen D, Tishelman AC, Olson-Kennedy J, Chan YM, Garofalo R, Petras H, Rosenthal SM, Ehrensaft D. PMID: 39121472; PMCID: PMC11344181.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  Translation:Humans
    8. Biopsychosocial Assessments for Pubertal Suppression to Treat Adolescent Gender Dysphoria. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Jan; 64(1):12-16. Turban JL, Thornton J, Ehrensaft D. PMID: 38582366.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. 9. Predictors of Diverse Mental Health Trajectories Following 4 Years of Treatment With Gender-Affirming Hormones. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2024 Mar 1; 74(3):s5-s6. Chen CD, Berona BJ, Coyne CC, Chan CY, Ehrensaft ED, Hidalgo HM, Olson-Kennedy OJ, Radix RA, Rosenthal RS, Garofalo GR. .
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    10. Clarifying our stance on BMI and accessibility in gender-affirming surgery: a commitment to inclusive care and dialogue - a reply to Castle & Klein (2024). Int J Transgend Health. 2025; 26(1):253-255. Allen LR, Adams N, Dodd C, Ehrensaft D, Fraser L, Garcia M, Giordano S, Green J, Johnson T, Penny J, Rachlin K, Veale J. PMID: 39981288; PMCID: PMC11837942.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    11. Principlism and contemporary ethical considerations for providers of transgender health care. International Journal of Transgender Health. 2024 Jan 19; ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print):1-19. Allen AL, Adams AN, Ashley AF, Dodd DC, Ehrensaft ED, Fraser FL, Garcia GM, Giordano GS, Green GJ, Johnson JT, Penny PJ, Rachlin RK, Veale VJ. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    12. Longitudinal Family Functioning and Mental Health in Transgender and Nonbinary Youth and Their Families. J Child Fam Stud. 2024 Apr; 33(4):1321-1335. Katz-Wise SL, Sarda V, Line EC, Marchwinski B, Budge SL, Godwin EG, Moore LM, Ehrensaft D, Rosal MC, Thomson KA. PMID: 39220671; PMCID: PMC11361712.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    13. Psychosocial functioning in transgender youth after 2 years of hormones. . 2023 Sep 8. D DC, J JB, YM YC, D DE, R RG, MA MH, SM SR, AC AT, J JO. .
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    14. Mental Health and Gender Affirmation of Black and Latine Transgender/Nonbinary Youth Compared to White Peers Prior to Hormone Initiation. J Adolesc Health. 2023 11; 73(5):880-886. Vance SR, Chen D, Garofalo R, Glidden DV, Ehrensaft D, Hidalgo M, Tishelman A, Rosenthal SM, Chan YM, Olson-Kennedy J, Sevelius J. PMID: 37610390; PMCID: PMC10723039.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. A Look at COVID-19 and Transgender Youth Through a Psychoanalytic Lens. Psychoanalytic Psychology. 2023 Jul 1; 40(3):152-158. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    16. High Internalized Transphobia and Low Gender Identity Pride Are Associated With Depression Symptoms Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth. J Adolesc Health. 2023 06; 72(6):877-884. Conn BM, Chen D, Olson-Kennedy J, Chan YM, Ehrensaft D, Garofalo R, Rosenthal SM, Tishelman A, Hidalgo MA. PMID: 37045610; PMCID: PMC10243649.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Perspective on equitable translational studies and clinical support for an unbiased inclusion of the LGBTQIA2S+community. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2023 05; 48(6):852-856. Goetz TG, Aghi K, Anacker C, Ehrensaft D, Eshel N, Marrocco J, Young JW, Roepke TA. PMID: 36928352; PMCID: PMC10156811.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Psychosocial Functioning in Transgender Youth after 2 Years of Hormones. N Engl J Med. 2023 01 19; 388(3):240-250. Chen D, Berona J, Chan YM, Ehrensaft D, Garofalo R, Hidalgo MA, Rosenthal SM, Tishelman AC, Olson-Kennedy J. PMID: 36652355; PMCID: PMC10081536.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. COVID-19 and Transgender and Gender Expansive Children and Youth. Pediatr Ann. 2021 Sep; 50(9):e366-e370. Ehrensaft D. PMID: 34542341.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    20. Take the T out, put the T in: Gender-affirming hormones in youth. Andrology. 2021 11; 9(6):1698-1706. Ehrensaft D, Tishelman AC. PMID: 34048640.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. The 2016 United States presidential election's impact on families with transgender adolescents in New England. J Fam Psychol. 2022 Feb; 36(1):23-34. Pletta DR, Kant JD, Ehrensaft D, MacNish M, Cahill S, Katz-Wise SL. PMID: 34043404; PMCID: PMC8626525.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Sexual Assault Risk and School Facility Restrictions in Gender Minority Youth. . 2021 Feb 26; 80-81. Ehrensaft ED, Rosenthal RS. .
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    23. Psychoanalysis Meets Transgender Children: The Best of Times and the Worst of Times. Psychoanalytic Perspectives. 2021 Jan 2; 18(1):68-91. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    24. Psychosocial Characteristics of Transgender Youth Seeking Gender-Affirming Medical Treatment: Baseline Findings From the Trans Youth Care Study. J Adolesc Health. 2021 06; 68(6):1104-1111. Chen D, Abrams M, Clark L, Ehrensaft D, Tishelman AC, Chan YM, Garofalo R, Olson-Kennedy J, Rosenthal SM, Hidalgo MA. PMID: 32839079; PMCID: PMC7897328.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Prepubertal social gender transitions. . 2020 Jun 26; 137-154. Ehrensaft ED, Giammattei GS, Storck SK, Tishelman TA, Keo-Meier KC. .
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    26. Statement in response to calls for banning evidence-based supportive health interventions for transgender and gender diverse youth. Int J Transgend Health. 2020; 21(1):111-112. Leibowitz S, Green J, Massey R, Boleware AM, Ehrensaft D, Francis W, Keo-Meier C, Olson-Kennedy A, Pardo S, Nic Rider G, Schelling E, Segovia A, Tangpricha V, Anderson E, T'Sjoen G, WPATH, USPATH, and EPATH Executive Committee and Board of Directors. PMID: 33015662; PMCID: PMC7430425.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    27. Treatment Paradigms for Prepubertal Children. . 2020 Jan 1; 171-185. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    28. Creating the Trans Youth Research Network: A Collaborative Research Endeavor. Transgend Health. 2019; 4(1):304-312. Olson-Kennedy J, Chan YM, Rosenthal S, Hidalgo MA, Chen D, Clark L, Ehrensaft D, Tishelman A, Garofalo R. PMID: 31701011; PMCID: PMC6830532.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    29. Research Review: Gender identity in youth: treatment paradigms and controversies. . 2019 Sep 12. JL JT, D DE. .
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    30. ICD-11 and gender incongruence of childhood: a rethink is needed. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 10; 3(10):671-673. Winter S, Ehrensaft D, Telfer M, T'Sjoen G, Koh J, Pickstone-Taylor S, Kruger A, Griffin L, Foigel M, De Cuypere G, Karasic D. PMID: 31439494.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Impact of Early Medical Treatment for Transgender Youth: Protocol for the Longitudinal, Observational Trans Youth Care Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2019 Jul 09; 8(7):e14434. Olson-Kennedy J, Chan YM, Garofalo R, Spack N, Chen D, Clark L, Ehrensaft D, Hidalgo M, Tishelman A, Rosenthal S. PMID: 31290407; PMCID: PMC6647755.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22  
    32. Resisting the Post-Truth Era: Maintaining a Commitment to Science and Social Justice in Bioethics. Am J Bioeth. 2019 07; 19(7):W1-W3. Clark BA, Virani A, Ehrensaft D, Olson-Kennedy J. PMID: 31237512.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Sexual Assault Risk and School Facility Restrictions in Gender Minority Youth. Pediatrics. 2019 06; 143(6). Ehrensaft D, Rosenthal SM. PMID: 31061221.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    34. Transition Considerations for Transgender Patients. Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Care in Endocrinology. 2019 Jan 1; 195-219. Ehrensaft ED, Keo-Meier KC, Yuen YJ. .
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    35. Lessons from a Community-Based Participatory Research Study with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth and their Families. Action Res (Lond). 2019 Jun; 17(2):186-207. Katz-Wise SL, Sansfaçon AP, Bogart LM, Rosal MC, Ehrensaft D, Goldman RE, Austin SB. PMID: 40303848; PMCID: PMC12040398.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    36. Double Helix Rainbow Kids. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Dec; 48(12):4079-4081. Ehrensaft D. PMID: 30136116.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism. 2018 Apr 3; 19(2):1-18. Ehrensaft ED, Giammattei GS, Storck SK, Tishelman TA, Keo-Meier KC. .
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    38. Family Functioning and Mental Health of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project. J Sex Res. 2018 May -Jun; 55(4-5):582-590. Katz-Wise SL, Ehrensaft D, Vetters R, Forcier M, Austin SB. PMID: 29336604; PMCID: PMC7895334.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Introduction to the gender affirmative model. . 2018 Jan 1; 3-19. Keo-Meier KC, Ehrensaft ED. .
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    40. Where do we go from here?. The gender affirmative model: An interdisciplinary approach to supporting transgender and gender expansive children.. 2018 Jan 1; 209-213. Ehrensaft ED, Keo-Meier KC. .
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    41. Research Review: Gender identity in youth: treatment paradigms and controversies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 12; 59(12):1228-1243. Turban JL, Ehrensaft D. PMID: 29071722.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 46     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. Gender nonconforming youth: current perspectives. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2017; 8:57-67. Ehrensaft D. PMID: 28579848; PMCID: PMC5448699.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10  
    43. Initial Clinical Guidelines for Co-Occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria or Incongruence in Adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018 Jan-Feb; 47(1):105-115. Strang JF, Meagher H, Kenworthy L, de Vries ALC, Menvielle E, Leibowitz S, Janssen A, Cohen-Kettenis P, Shumer DE, Edwards-Leeper L, Pleak RR, Spack N, Karasic DH, Schreier H, Balleur A, Tishelman A, Ehrensaft D, Rodnan L, Kuschner ES, Mandel F, Caretto A, Lewis HC, Anthony LG. PMID: 27775428.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 56     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. The psycho-medical case against a gender incongruence of childhood diagnosis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 05; 3(5):404-5. Winter S, Ehrensaft D, Pickstone-Taylor S, De Cuypere G, Tando D. PMID: 27155513.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. Author's Response. Pediatrics. 2015 May; 135(5):e1366-7. Vance SR, Ehrensaft D, Rosenthal SM. PMID: 25934902.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. Psychological and medical care of gender nonconforming youth. Pediatrics. 2014 Dec; 134(6):1184-92. Vance SR, Ehrensaft D, Rosenthal SM. PMID: 25404716.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Found in Transition: Our Littlest Transgender People. Contemporary Psychoanalysis. 2014 Oct 2; 50(4):571-592. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    48. Listening and Learning from Gender-Nonconforming Children. Psychoanal Study Child. 2014; 68:28-56. Ehrensaft D. PMID: 26173325.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    49. The Gender Affirmative Model: What We Know and What We Aim to Learn. Human Development. 2013 Jan 1; 56(5):285-290. Hidalgo HM, Ehrensaft ED, Tishelman TA, Clark CL, Garofalo GR, Rosenthal RS, Spack SN, Olson OJ. .
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    50. “Look, Mom, I’m a Boy—Don't Tell Anyone I Was a Girl”. Journal of LGBT Youth. 2013 Jan 1; 10(1-2):9-28. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    51. Child and Adolescent Gender Center: a multidisciplinary collaboration to improve the lives of gender nonconforming children and teens. Pediatr Rev. 2012 Jun; 33(6):273-5. Sherer I, Rosenthal SM, Ehrensaft D, Baum J. PMID: 22659258.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. From gender identity disorder to gender identity creativity: true gender self child therapy. J Homosex. 2012; 59(3):337-56. Ehrensaft D. PMID: 22455324.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    53. BOYS WILL BE GIRLS, GIRLS WILL BE BOYS: Children Affect Parents as Parents Affect Children in Gender Nonconformity. Psychoanalytic Psychology. 2011 Oct 1; 28(4):528-548. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    54. “I'm a Prius”: A Child Case of a Gender/Ethnic Hybrid. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health. 2010 Dec 29; 15(1):46-57. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    55. Discussion: Tightening Up and Lightening Up. Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. 2009 Jun 16; 8(2):104-112. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    56. One pill makes you boy, one pill makes you girl. Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies. 2009 Jan 1; 6(1):12-24. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    57. It Ain't Over Until the Fat Lady Sings: Commentary on Wherefore the Oedipus Complex in Adolescence? by Marsha H. Levy-Warren. Studies in Gender and Sexuality. 2008 Oct 10; 9(4):349-364. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    58. Introduction to the Special Issue on Foster Care. Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. 2008 Jul 14; 7(2):77-78. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    59. “A Child Is Being Eaten:” Failure, Fear, Fantasy, and Repair in the Lives of Foster Children. Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. 2008 Jul 14; 7(2):100-108. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    60. Just Molly and me, and donor makes three: lesbian motherhood in the age of assisted reproductive technology. J Lesbian Stud. 2008; 12(2-3):161-78. Ehrensaft D. PMID: 19042730.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    61. When baby makes three or four or more: attachment, individuation, and identity in assisted-conception families. Psychoanal Study Child. 2008; 63:3-23. Ehrensaft D. PMID: 19449787.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    62. The Stork Didn't Bring Me, I Came from a Dish: Psychological Experiences of Children Conceived through Assisted Reproductive Technology. Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. 2007 Sep 14; 6(2):124-140. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    63. Raising Girlyboys: A Parent's Perspective. Studies in Gender and Sexuality. 2007 Jun 26; 8(3):269-302. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    64. Alternatives to the Stork Fatherhood Fantasies in Donor Insemination Families. Studies in Gender and Sexuality. 2000 Oct 15; 1(4):371-397. Ehrensaft ED. .
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    65. Acyclovir and disseminated varicella zoster and encephalitis. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Mar; 102(3):421. Ehrensaft DV, Safani MM. PMID: 3970498.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    66. Successful treatment of subdural empyema due to Serratia marcescens. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1982 Oct; 16(10):777-9. Safani MM, Ehrensaft DV. PMID: 6754323.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    67. Disseminated candidiasis in leukopenic dogs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1979 Jan; 160(1):6-10. Ehrensaft DV, Epstein RB, Sarpel S, Andersen BR. PMID: 419128.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Animals
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