Ramin Sam, MD

Title(s)Professor, Medicine
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address1001 Potrero Avenue, #349
San Francisco CA 94110
Phone628-206-6605
PronounsHe/Him/His
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-4016-6676 Additional info
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    College: University of Illinois-Urbana
    Medical School: University of Illinois-Chicago
    Internal Medicine Residency: Loyola University
    Nephrology Fellowship: Loyola University

    Interests: My clinical/research interests are varied and include sodium disorders, hemodialysis, acid/base disorders, serum cholesterol in kidney disease
    Editorial board for the American Journal of Nephrology
    Medical director of dialysis at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital
    Vice chair of Medical Advisory Board of Forum of ESRD Networks
    Medical director of the Fresenius Ocean Ave dialysis unit
    Main editor of book entitled "Understanding basic renal pathophysiology" published by Nova publishers, https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=64010

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Concurrent Control of Sodium and Bicarbonate Serum Concentrations Using a Four-Stream Hemodialysis Fluid Delivery System. Hemodial Int. 2025 Mar 06. Malhotra D, Lew SQ, Garrett RE, Sam R, Glew RH, Ing TS, Tzamaloukas AH. PMID: 40049628.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Quantifying the Deficits of Body Water and Monovalent Cations in Hyperglycemic Emergencies. J Clin Med. 2024 Dec 25; 14(1). Wagner B, Unruh ML, Lew SQ, Roumelioti ME, Sam R, Argyropoulos CP, Dorin RI, Ing TS, Rohrscheib M, Tzamaloukas AH. PMID: 39797108; PMCID: PMC11721971.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    3. Hypernatremia in Hyperglycemia: Clinical Features and Relationship to Fractional Changes in Body Water and Monovalent Cations during Its Development. J Clin Med. 2024 Mar 28; 13(7). Wagner B, Ing TS, Roumelioti ME, Sam R, Argyropoulos CP, Lew SQ, Unruh ML, Dorin RI, Degnan JH, Tzamaloukas AH. PMID: 38610721; PMCID: PMC11012913.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    4. Vaccination for Patients Receiving Dialysis. Kidney Med. 2024 Mar; 6(3):100775. Sam R, Rankin L, Ulasi I, Frantzen L, Nitsch D, Henner D, Molony D, Wagner J, Chen J, Agarwal SK, Howard A, Atkinson R, Landry D, Pastan SO, Kalantar-Zadeh K. PMID: 38435066; PMCID: PMC10906410.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2  
    5. The role of intra- and interdialytic sodium balance and restriction in dialysis therapies. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023; 10:1268319. Lew SQ, Asci G, Rootjes PA, Ok E, Penne EL, Sam R, Tzamaloukas AH, Ing TS, Raimann JG. PMID: 38111694; PMCID: PMC10726136.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    6. The Decrease in Serum Total Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentrations With the Initiation of Hemodialysis Despite a Concomitant Increase in Serum Albumin Concentrations. Cureus. 2023 Oct; 15(10):e47272. Sam R, Zhang L, Tuot DS, Chaudhry R. PMID: 38022186; PMCID: PMC10655933.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    7. Pseudohyponatremia: Mechanism, Diagnosis, Clinical Associations and Management. J Clin Med. 2023 Jun 15; 12(12). Aziz F, Sam R, Lew SQ, Massie L, Misra M, Roumelioti ME, Argyropoulos CP, Ing TS, Tzamaloukas AH. PMID: 37373769; PMCID: PMC10299669.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5  
    8. Outcomes for Patients With Renal AA Amyloidosis Associated With Injection Heroin Use. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2022 Nov 1; 33(11S):864-864. Johnson JR, Urisman UA, Cho CK, Sam SR, Wong WS. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    9. Using herbs medically without knowing their composition: are we playing Russian roulette? Curr Med Res Opin. 2022 05; 38(5):847-852. Kohn OF, Lew SQ, Wong SS, Sam R, Chen HC, Raimann JG, Leehey DJ, Tzamaloukas AH, Ing TS. PMID: 35362342.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Edelman Revisited: Concepts, Achievements, and Challenges. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8:808765. Rohrscheib M, Sam R, Raj DS, Argyropoulos CP, Unruh ML, Lew SQ, Ing TS, Levin NW, Tzamaloukas AH. PMID: 35083255; PMCID: PMC8784663.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7  
    11. A four-stream method for providing variable dialysis fluid bicarbonate concentrations for bicarbonate-based dialysis fluid delivery systems. Artif Organs. 2021 Dec; 45(12):1576-1581. Lew SQ, Sam R, Tzamaloukas AH, Ing TS. PMID: 34637152.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Solute-free water excretion and electrolyte-free water excretion are better terms than solute-free water clearance and electrolyte-free water clearance. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021 Oct; 53(10):2191-2192. Ing TS, Lew SQ, Tzamaloukas AH, Sam R. PMID: 33687641.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Building a hemodiafiltration system from readily available components for continuous renal replacement therapy under disasters and pandemics: preparing for an acute kidney injury surge during COVID-19. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2021 01; 30(1):93-96. Hanna RM, Ferrey A, Rhee CM, Sam R, Pearce D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Don BR. PMID: 33186219.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    14. Report of Dialysis-Induced Hypophosphatemia Leading to Reversible Encephalopathy Prevented by Adding Phosphorus to the Dialysate. Blood Purif. 2020; 49(4):496-501. Koganti D, Sam R. PMID: 31940631.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Steven Chu, ??? 1997 Nobel Laureate in Physics. . 2019 Apr 1; 71-84. Kurt Lee KS, Tang TH, Sam SR, Lew LS. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    16. Does significant renal ablation truly and invariably lead to hyperfiltration and progressive chronic kidney disease? Clin Exp Nephrol. 2017 Jun; 21(3):367-374. Wang A, Sam R. PMID: 27738776.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    17. Characteristics of AA amyloidosis patients in San Francisco. Nephrology (Carlton). 2016 Apr; 21(4):308-13. Lejmi H, Jen KY, Olson JL, James SH, Sam R. PMID: 26370715.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Preventing/treating hypophosphatemia by adding phosphate to the dialysate. Int J Artif Organs. 2015 Dec; 38(12):671-2. Sam R, Tang HL, Kjellstrand CM, Ing TS. PMID: 26689145.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    19. Hypervolemic hypernatremia is the most common type of hypernatremia in the intensive care unit. Int Urol Nephrol. 2015 Nov; 47(11):1817-21. Sarahian S, Pouria MM, Ing TS, Sam R. PMID: 26377488.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Does lactate account for all of the increase in anion gap in cases of metformin-induced lactic acidosis? Clin Exp Nephrol. 2015 Dec; 19(6):1210-1. Makehei S, Sam R. PMID: 25982073.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Chest wall abscesses due to continuous application of silicone gel sheets for keloid management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015 Apr 28; 2015. Tang HL, Lau KK, Sam R, Ing TS. PMID: 25920733; PMCID: PMC4422926.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in individuals with disease associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine: a series of 4 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014 Oct; 93(17):290-297. Carlson AQ, Tuot DS, Jen KY, Butcher B, Graf J, Sam R, Imboden JB. PMID: 25398064; PMCID: PMC4602417.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    23. Addition of monosodium dihydrogen phosphate to an acid concentrate to prepare a phosphate-enriched, bicarbonate-based hemodialysis solution. Artif Organs. 2014 Sep; 38(9):824-5. Sam R, Kjellstrand CM, Doherty C, Ing TS. PMID: 25234765.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    24. Lupus-like membranous nephropathy: Is it lupus or not? Clin Exp Nephrol. 2015 Jun; 19(3):395-402. Sam R, Joshi A, James S, Jen KY, Amani F, Hart P, Schwartz MM. PMID: 24993947.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Using disodium monohydrogen phosphate to prepare a phosphate-enriched hemodialysate. Hemodial Int. 2013 Oct; 17(4):667-8. Sam R, Kjellstrand CM, Doherty C, Ing TS. PMID: 23919815.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. G.R. Love: A Dialysis Pioneer. Dialysis. 2012 Oct 1; 41-41. Sam SR, Arruda AJ. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    27. Understanding hypernatremia. Am J Nephrol. 2012; 36(1):97-104. Sam R, Feizi I. PMID: 22739333.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Dialysis: History, development and promise. Ing TS, Rahman M, Kjellstrand CM. Hemaport needleless arteriovenous access. 2012. Sam R, Hsieh J, James S.
    29. Hypervolemic hypernatremia in patients recovering from acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2012 Feb; 16(1):136-46. Sam R, Hart P, Haghighat R, Ing TS. PMID: 21947735.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Preparation of phosphate-enriched hemodialysates. Hemodial Int. 2012 Jan; 16(1):118-9. Sam R, Kjellstrand CM, Ing TS. PMID: 22098632.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Nephrology in Brief 19-4. Kidney. 2010 Jul 1; 19(4):165-168. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    32. Practical Manual of renal medicine; nephrology, dialysis, transplantation. Lai KN. Sodium and water disturbances. 2009; 45-79. Sam R, Ing TS.
    33. Sodium and Water Disturbances. A Practical Manual of Renal Medicine. 2009 Jul 1; 45-79. Sam SR, Ing IT. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    34. CHAPTER 71 Gastrointestinal Problems in Acute Renal Failure. . 2009 Jan 1; 390-395. Sam SR, Kohn KO, Chow CM, Ing IT. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    35. Nephrology in Brief. Kidney. 2009 Jan 1; 18(1):1-5. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    36. Critical Care Nephrology. Ronce C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA. Gastrointestinal problems in acute renal failure. 2009; 390-395. Sam R, Kohn OF, Chow MT, Ing TS. .
    37. Nephrology in Brief. Kidney. 2008 Dec 1; 17(6):281-285. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    38. Nephrology in Brief. Kidney. 2008 Oct 1; 17(5):223-227. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    39. A case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis with membranous nephropathy and likely systemic lupus. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2009 Apr; 13(2):166-169. Sam R, Khalid S, Brecklin C, Schwartz M, Dunea G. PMID: 18820829.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Nephrology in Brief. Kidney. 2008 Aug 1; 17(4):167-171. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    41. Nephrology in Brief. Kidney. 2008 Jun 1; 17(3):111-115. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    42. Nephrology in Brief. Kidney. 2008 Apr 1; 17(2):55-59. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    43. Determination of carbamylated hemoglobin by an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) based on a novel antibody. Clin Chim Acta. 2008 May; 391(1-2):112-4. Singh AK, Gudehithlu KP, Sam R, Arruda JA, Dunea G, Gaffari A, Sethupathi P. PMID: 18307985.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    44. Nephrology in Brief. Kidney. 2008 Feb 1; 17(1):1-4. Dunea DG, Brecklin BC, Gupta GA, Hart HP, Sam SR, Smith SE. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    45. CHAPTER 30 Hemolysis During Hemodialysis. Handbook of Dialysis Therapy. 2008 Jan 1; (Rev Saude Publica352001):457-466. Sam SR, Haghighat HL, Kjellstrand KC, Ing IT. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    46. Hypercalcemia in patients in the burn intensive care unit. J Burn Care Res. 2007 Sep-Oct; 28(5):742-6. Sam R, Vaseemuddin M, Siddique A, Haghighat L, Kazlauskaite R, An G, Hanumadass ML. PMID: 17762386.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Infective endocarditis in hemodialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs. 2007 Apr; 30(4):334-7. Pandey R, Sam R. PMID: 17520571.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. Handbook of dialysis therapy. Nissenson and Fine. Hemolysis during hemodialysis. 2007; 457-466. Sam R, Haghighat L, Kjellstrand CM, Ing TS.
    49. Glomerular epithelial cells transform to myofibroblasts: early but not late removal of TGF-beta1 reverses transformation. Transl Res. 2006 Sep; 148(3):142-8. Sam R, Wanna L, Gudehithlu KP, Garber SL, Dunea G, Arruda JA, Singh AK. PMID: 16938652.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    50. Use of the adjective 'membranous' to categorize hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration. Int J Artif Organs. 2006 Aug; 29(8):815-7. Ing TS, Leong WH, Sam R, Tzamaloukas AH, Kjellstrand CM. PMID: 16969760.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    51. Lipoprotein glomerulopathy: a new apolipoprotein E mutation with enhanced glomerular binding. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Mar; 47(3):539-48. Sam R, Wu H, Yue L, Mazzone T, Schwartz MM, Arruda JA, Dunea G, Singh AK. PMID: 16490634.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Sildenafil in dialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs. 2006 Mar; 29(3):264-8. Sam R, Patel P. PMID: 16685669.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    53. Composition and clinical use of hemodialysates. Hemodial Int. 2006 Jan; 10(1):15-28. Sam R, Vaseemuddin M, Leong WH, Rogers BE, Kjellstrand CM, Ing TS. PMID: 16441823.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    
    54. Large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Dec; 46(6):A52, e101-2. Vaseemuddin M, Sam R. PMID: 16315353.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    55. The role of epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation in end-stage renal disease. Int J Artif Organs. 2004 Sep; 27(9):744-50. Sam R. PMID: 15521213.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    56. The significance of trace proteinuria. Am J Nephrol. 2003 Nov-Dec; 23(6):438-41. Sam R, Shaykh MS, Pegoraro AA, Khalili V, Hristea I, Singh AK, Arruda JA, Dunea G. PMID: 14583662.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    57. Transjugular renal biopsy in an unconscious patient maintained on mechanical ventilation. Clin Nephrol. 2003 Jul; 60(1):53-7. Sam R, Chebrolu SB, Reyes CV, Pierce KL, Molnar Z, Dhand R, Ing TS. PMID: 12872859.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    58. Impaired antibody response rates after high dose short interval hepatitis B virus vaccination of immunosuppressed individuals. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Jan-Feb; 50(49):217-21. Idilman R, Colantoni A, De Maria N, Ustun C, Sam R, Ing TS, Akan H, Koc H, Van Thiel DH. PMID: 12630026.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    59. Utility of a peritoneal dialysis leukocyte test strip in the diagnosis of peritonitis. Artif Organs. 2002 Jun; 26(6):546-8. Sam R, Sahani M, Ulozas E, Leehey DJ, Ing TS, Gandhi VC. PMID: 12072112.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    60. Transjugular renal biopsy: when to do it and when not to? Int J Artif Organs. 2001 Sep; 24(9):595-7. Sam R, Ing TS. PMID: 11693414.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    61. Transjugular renal biopsy in patients with liver disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Jun; 37(6):1144-51. Sam R, Leehey DJ, Picken MM, Borge MA, Yetter EM, Ing TS, Van Thiel DH. PMID: 11382682.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    62. Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome Revisited. Hemodial Int. 2001 Jan; 5(1):92-96. Sahani MM, Daoud TM, Sam R, Andrews J, Cheng YL, Kjellstrand CM, Ing TS. PMID: 28452440.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    
    63. Improved graft survival after renal transplantation in the United States, 1988 to 1996. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jun 15; 342(24):1837-8. Sam R, Leehey DJ. PMID: 10866557.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    64. Removal of Foscarnet by hemodialysis using dialysate-side values. Int J Artif Organs. 2000 Mar; 23(3):165-7. Sam R, Patel SB, Popli A, Leehey DJ, Gambertoglio JG, Ing TS. PMID: 10795660.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    65. Functional analysis of glucocorticoid and insulin response sequences in the rat insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 promoter. Endocrinology. 1994 Feb; 134(2):736-43. Goswami R, Lacson R, Yang E, Sam R, Unterman T. PMID: 7507835.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
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