Linda Chao, PhD

Title(s)Professor, Radiology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
AddressLocation Required
Varies CA 00000
Phone415-221-4810 ext. 24386
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-8593-2434 Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    National Institute of Mental Health1999Fellows Award for Research Excellence
    National Institute of Mental Health1994Pre-Doctoral Fellowship
    University of California, Davis1994Graduate Research Award

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Linda Chao, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Chao obtained her BS in Biological Science from the University of California, Davis in 1991, and she completed her PhD studies in Neuroscience from UCD in 1996. For the past 11-years, she has served as leader for the Psychiatry Block of the Interdepartmental Studies course 104, Brain, Mind and Behavior for first-year medical students.

    Dr. Chao’s professional activities primarily consist of conducting basic research using neuropsychological and imaging techniques to characterize how normal aging, neurodegenerative processes, stress, and exposure to neurotoxins affect the brain and cognition. She has an ongoing project, funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs, that seeks to use cognitive tests, structural, and diffusion tensor imaging to examine the effects of low-level exposure to sarin on brain structure and brain function in Gulf War Veterans. Dr. Chao has another project that is funded by the US Army Military Operational Medicine Research Program. The purpose of this project is to investigate the links between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia.

    Dr. Chao serves as an Academic Editor for PlosOne and she has previously served as a reviewer for 26 scientific journals. Dr. Chao has 25 published articles and she has written 58 abstracts, 44 peer-reviewed articles, and 5 significant publications resulting from her research.

    Expertise:
    Neuroscience

    Specialty:
    Brain, neurodegenerative process, neuropsychological and imaging techniques

    Professional Interests:
    Cognitive neuroscience, memory, attention, aging, neurodegenerative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopic imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging

    Education and Training:
    • Bachelor of Science: University of California, Davis - Biological Science
    • Doctor of Philosophy: University of California, Davis - Neuroscience

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Pilot Test of Telephone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia for Veterans with Gulf War Illness
    NIH I21CX001428Jul 1, 2016 - Dec 31, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    An investigation of the relationship between toxicant exposures during Gulf War deployment and prodromal Parkinson's disease.
    NIH I01CX000798Oct 1, 2013 - Dec 31, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CORTICAL AND LIMBIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO AUDITORY MEMORY
    NIH F31MH010958Mar 23, 1995
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Clinical Trials

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Regional gray matter oligodendrocyte- and myelin-related measures are associated with differential susceptibility to stress-induced behavior in rats and humans. Transl Psychiatry. 2021 12 13; 11(1):631. Long KLP, Chao LL, Kazama Y, An A, Hu KY, Peretz L, Muller DCY, Roan VD, Misra R, Toth CE, Breton JM, Casazza W, Mostafavi S, Huber BR, Woodward SH, Neylan TC, Kaufer D. PMID: 34903726; PMCID: PMC8668977.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    2. Ventromedial and insular cortical volume moderates the relationship between BDNF Val66Met and threat sensitivity. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 10; 142:337-344. Young DA, Chao LL, Zhang H, Metzler T, Ross J, Richards A, O'Donovan A, Inslicht SS, Neylan TC. PMID: 34425486.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in veterans with gulf war illness: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Life Sci. 2021 Aug 15; 279:119147. Chao LL, Kanady JC, Crocker N, Straus LD, Hlavin J, Metzler TJ, Maguen S, Neylan TC. PMID: 33549595; PMCID: PMC8217272.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Transcranial Photobiomodulation to Improve Cognition in Gulf War Illness. Front Neurol. 2020; 11:574386. Martin PI, Chao L, Krengel MH, Ho MD, Yee M, Lew R, Knight J, Hamblin MR, Naeser MA. PMID: 33551948; PMCID: PMC7859640.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    5. Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ): A Pilot Trial in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021; 82(4):1543-1557. Chao LL, Lee JA, Martinez S, Barlow C, Chesney MA, Mehling WE, Barnes DE. PMID: 34180414; PMCID: PMC8461710.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    6. The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 09 30; 17(19). Chao LL. PMID: 33007845; PMCID: PMC7579246.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Changes in Brain Function and Structure After Self-Administered Home Photobiomodulation Treatment in a Concussion Case. Front Neurol. 2020; 11:952. Chao LL, Barlow C, Karimpoor M, Lim L. PMID: 33013635; PMCID: PMC7509409.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    8. Improvements in Gulf War Illness Symptoms After Near-Infrared Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Two Case Reports. Mil Med. 2019 10 01; 184(9-10):e568-e574. Chao LL. PMID: 30916762.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Do Gulf War veterans with high levels of deployment-related exposures display symptoms suggestive of Parkinson’s disease? Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019 Jul 15; 32(4):503–526. Chao L.. PMID: 31309787.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    10. Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function, Cerebral Perfusion, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019 Mar; 37(3):133-141. Chao LL. PMID: 31050950.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Child abuse interacts with hippocampal and corpus callosum volume on psychophysiological response to startling auditory stimuli in a sample of veterans. J Psychiatr Res. 2019 04; 111:16-23. Young DA, Neylan TC, Chao LL, O'Donovan A, Metzler TJ, Inslicht SS. PMID: 30660809; PMCID: PMC6467732.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Rates of Chronic Symptomatic Illness in 202 Gulf War Veterans. Mil Med. 2018 11 01; 183(11-12):e571-e579. Chao LL. PMID: 29788089.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Association among anterior cingulate cortex volume, psychophysiological response, and PTSD diagnosis in a Veteran sample. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2018 11; 155:189-196. Young DA, Chao L, Neylan TC, O'Donovan A, Metzler TJ, Inslicht SS. PMID: 30086395; PMCID: PMC6361720.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on hippocampal microstructure in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2018 Jul - Aug; 68:36-46. Chao LL, Zhang Y. PMID: 29733897.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Evidence of Hippocampal Structural Alterations in Gulf War Veterans With Predicted Exposure to the Khamisiyah Plume. J Occup Environ Med. 2017 10; 59(10):923-929. Chao LL, Raymond MR, Leo CK, Abadjian LR. PMID: 28692012.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    16. Triglycerides are negatively correlated with cognitive function in nondemented aging adults. Neuropsychology. 2017 Sep; 31(6):682-688. Parthasarathy V, Frazier DT, Bettcher BM, Jastrzab L, Chao L, Chao L, Reed B, Mungas D, Weiner M, DeCarli C, Chui H, Kramer JH. PMID: 28604016; PMCID: PMC5726405.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Evidence of Objective Memory Impairments in Deployed Gulf War Veterans With Subjective Memory Complaints. Mil Med. 2017 05; 182(5):e1625-e1631. Chao LL. PMID: 29087904.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Associations Between the Self-Reported Frequency of Hearing Chemical Alarms in Theater and Visuospatial Function in Gulf War Veterans. J Occup Environ Med. 2016 10; 58(10):1014-1020. Chao LL. PMID: 27513172.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Insomnia Severity, Subjective Sleep Quality, and Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Veterans With Gulf War Illness. Mil Med. 2016 09; 181(9):1127-34. Chao LL, Abadjian LR, Esparza IL, Reeb R. PMID: 27612364; PMCID: PMC5459361.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Associations between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms in theater and regional brain volume in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2016 Mar; 53:246-256. Chao LL, Reeb R, Esparza IL, Abadjian LR. PMID: 26920621; PMCID: PMC5459360.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Preliminary Evidence of Increased Hippocampal Myelin Content in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci. 2015; 9:333. Chao LL, Tosun D, Woodward SH, Kaufer D, Neylan TC. PMID: 26696852; PMCID: PMC4667092.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11  
    22. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on white matter integrity in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2015 May; 48:239-48. Chao LL, Zhang Y, Buckley S. PMID: 25929683; PMCID: PMC5493444.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    23. Towards Constructing a New Taxonomy for Psychiatry Using Self-reported Symptoms. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015; 216:736-40. Ross J, Neylan T, Weiner M, Chao L, Samuelson K, Sim I. PMID: 26262149.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. The role of carotid intima-media thickness in predicting longitudinal cognitive function in an older adult cohort. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014; 38(6):441-7. Frazier DT, Seider T, Bettcher BM, Mack WJ, Jastrzab L, Chao L, Weiner MW, DeCarli C, Reed BR, Mungas D, Chui HC, Kramer JH. PMID: 25502351; PMCID: PMC4303029.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Altered inflammatory activity associated with reduced hippocampal volume and more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms in Gulf War veterans. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015 Jan; 51:557-66. O'Donovan A, Chao LL, Paulson J, Samuelson KW, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. PMID: 25465168; PMCID: PMC4374733.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on hippocampal subfields in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2014 Sep; 44:263-9. Chao LL, Kriger S, Buckley S, Ng P, Mueller SG. PMID: 25058901; PMCID: PMC5464327.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Are hippocampal size differences in posttraumatic stress disorder mediated by sleep pathology? Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Jun; 10(3 Suppl):S146-54. Mohlenhoff BS, Chao LL, Buckley ST, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. PMID: 24924666; PMCID: PMC4111235.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Hippocampal volume is inversely related to PTSD duration. Psychiatry Res. 2014 Jun 30; 222(3):119-23. Chao LL, Yaffe K, Samuelson K, Neylan TC. PMID: 24742925.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Associations between subjective sleep quality and brain volume in Gulf War veterans. Sleep. 2014 Mar 01; 37(3):445-52. Chao LL, Mohlenhoff BS, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. PMID: 24587566; PMCID: PMC3920309.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Regional cerebral volumes in veterans with current versus remitted posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013 Sep 30; 213(3):193-201. Chao L, Weiner M, Neylan T. PMID: 23816189.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Associations between white matter hyperintensities and β amyloid on integrity of projection, association, and limbic fiber tracts measured with diffusion tensor MRI. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e65175. Chao LL, Decarli C, Kriger S, Truran D, Zhang Y, Laxamana J, Villeneuve S, Jagust WJ, Sanossian N, Mack WJ, Chui HC, Weiner MW. PMID: 23762308; PMCID: PMC3675157.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. MRI markers for mild cognitive impairment: comparisons between white matter integrity and gray matter volume measurements. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e66367. Zhang Y, Schuff N, Camacho M, Chao LL, Fletcher TP, Yaffe K, Woolley SC, Madison C, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Weiner MW. PMID: 23762488; PMCID: PMC3675142.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Voxel-wise co-analysis of macro- and microstructural brain alteration in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using anatomical and diffusion MRI. J Neuroimaging. 2014 Sep-Oct; 24(5):435-43. Cardenas VA, Tosun D, Chao LL, Fletcher PT, Joshi S, Weiner MW, Schuff N. PMID: 23421601; PMCID: PMC3951683.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Associations among vascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and cortical volume and thickness in older adults. Stroke. 2012 Nov; 43(11):2865-70. Cardenas VA, Reed B, Chao LL, Chui H, Sanossian N, DeCarli CC, Mack W, Kramer J, Hodis HN, Yan M, Buonocore MH, Carmichael O, Jagust WJ, Weiner MW. PMID: 22984010; PMCID: PMC3732460.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on occipital lobe function and structure. Neuroreport. 2012 May 09; 23(7):412-9. Chao LL, Lenoci M, Neylan TC. PMID: 22453299.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure and Gulf War Illness on brain structure and function: a study at 4T. Neurotoxicology. 2011 Dec; 32(6):814-22. Chao LL, Abadjian L, Hlavin J, Meyerhoff DJ, Weiner MW. PMID: 21741405.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    37. Effects of low-level exposure to sarin and cyclosarin during the 1991 Gulf War on brain function and brain structure in US veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2010 Sep; 31(5):493-501. Chao LL, Rothlind JC, Cardenas VA, Meyerhoff DJ, Weiner MW. PMID: 20580739; PMCID: PMC2934883.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. ASL perfusion MRI predicts cognitive decline and conversion from MCI to dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2010 Jan-Mar; 24(1):19-27. Chao LL, Buckley ST, Kornak J, Schuff N, Madison C, Yaffe K, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Weiner MW. PMID: 20220321; PMCID: PMC2865220.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 88     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Patterns of cerebral hypoperfusion in amnestic and dysexecutive MCI. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009 Jul-Sep; 23(3):245-52. Chao LL, Pa J, Duarte A, Schuff N, Weiner MW, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Freeman KM, Johnson JK. PMID: 19812467; PMCID: PMC2760039.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Clinical-neuroimaging characteristics of dysexecutive mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2009 Apr; 65(4):414-23. Pa J, Boxer A, Chao LL, Gazzaley A, Freeman K, Kramer J, Miller BL, Weiner MW, Neuhaus J, Johnson JK. PMID: 19399879; PMCID: PMC2680500.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Evidence of neurodegeneration in brains of older adults who do not yet fulfill MCI criteria. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Mar; 31(3):368-77. Chao LL, Mueller SG, Buckley ST, Peek K, Raptentsetseng S, Elman J, Yaffe K, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Madison C, Mungas D, Schuff N, Weiner MW. PMID: 18550226; PMCID: PMC2814904.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. Patterns of white matter atrophy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Arch Neurol. 2007 Nov; 64(11):1619-24. Chao LL, Schuff N, Clevenger EM, Mueller SG, Rosen HJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Weiner MW. PMID: 17998444; PMCID: PMC2443735.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    43. Deformation-based morphometry reveals brain atrophy in frontotemporal dementia. Arch Neurol. 2007 Jun; 64(6):873-7. Cardenas VA, Boxer AL, Chao LL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Miller BL, Weiner MW, Studholme C. PMID: 17562936; PMCID: PMC2733361.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. N-acetylaspartate as a marker of neuronal injury in neurodegenerative disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006; 576:241-62; discussion 361-3. Schuff N, Meyerhoff DJ, Mueller S, Chao L, Sacrey DT, Laxer K, Weiner MW. PMID: 16802717; PMCID: PMC1779762.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    45. Using automated morphometry to detect associations between ERP latency and structural brain MRI in normal adults. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 Jul; 25(3):317-27. Cardenas VA, Chao LL, Blumenfeld R, Song E, Meyerhoff DJ, Weiner MW, Studholme C. PMID: 15834860; PMCID: PMC2443725.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. Age effects on atrophy rates of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging. 2006 May; 27(5):733-40. Du AT, Schuff N, Chao LL, Kornak J, Jagust WJ, Kramer JH, Reed BR, Miller BL, Norman D, Chui HC, Weiner MW. PMID: 15961190; PMCID: PMC1779763.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 84     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. White matter lesions are associated with cortical atrophy more than entorhinal and hippocampal atrophy. Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Apr; 26(4):553-9. Du AT, Schuff N, Chao LL, Kornak J, Ezekiel F, Jagust WJ, Kramer JH, Reed BR, Miller BL, Norman D, Chui HC, Weiner MW. PMID: 15653183.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 48     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. Comparisons between global and focal brain atrophy rates in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Boundary Shift Integral versus tracing of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2004 Oct-Dec; 18(4):196-201. Ezekiel F, Chao L, Kornak J, Du AT, Cardenas V, Truran D, Jagust W, Chui H, Miller B, Yaffe K, Schuff N, Weiner M. PMID: 15592130; PMCID: PMC1820853.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    49. ERP evidence of impaired central nervous system function in virally suppressed HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Jul; 115(7):1583-91. Chao LL, Lindgren JA, Flenniken DL, Weiner MW. PMID: 15203059; PMCID: PMC2367143.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    50. Abnormal contingent negative variation in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Neuroreport. 2003 Nov 14; 14(16):2111-5. Chao LL, Cardenas VA, Meyerhoff DJ, Rothlind JC, Flenniken DL, Lindgren JA, Weiner MW. PMID: 14600507; PMCID: PMC2733942.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    51. Abnormal CNV in chronic heavy drinkers. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Nov; 114(11):2081-95. Chao LL, Meyerhoff DJ, Cardenas VA, Rothlind JC, Weiner MW. PMID: 14580606.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Experience-dependent modulation of category-related cortical activity. Cereb Cortex. 2002 May; 12(5):545-51. Chao LL, Weisberg J, Martin A. PMID: 11950772.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 60     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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