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Linda Chao, PhD

Title(s)Professor, Radiology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Phone415-221-4810 ext. 24386
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-8593-2434 Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    National Institute of Mental Health1999Fellows Award for Research Excellence
    National Institute of Mental Health1994Pre-Doctoral Fellowship
    University of California, Davis1994Graduate Research Award

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Linda Chao, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Chao obtained her BS in Biological Science from the University of California, Davis in 1991, and she completed her PhD studies in Neuroscience from UCD in 1996. For the past 11-years, she has served as leader for the Psychiatry Block of the Interdepartmental Studies course 104, Brain, Mind and Behavior for first-year medical students.

    Dr. Chao’s professional activities primarily consist of conducting basic research using neuropsychological and imaging techniques to characterize how normal aging, neurodegenerative processes, stress, and exposure to neurotoxins affect the brain and cognition. She has an ongoing project, funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs, that seeks to use cognitive tests, structural, and diffusion tensor imaging to examine the effects of low-level exposure to sarin on brain structure and brain function in Gulf War Veterans. Dr. Chao has another project that is funded by the US Army Military Operational Medicine Research Program. The purpose of this project is to investigate the links between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia.

    Dr. Chao serves as an Academic Editor for PlosOne and she has previously served as a reviewer for 26 scientific journals. Dr. Chao has 25 published articles and she has written 58 abstracts, 44 peer-reviewed articles, and 5 significant publications resulting from her research.

    Expertise:
    Neuroscience

    Specialty:
    Brain, neurodegenerative process, neuropsychological and imaging techniques

    Professional Interests:
    Cognitive neuroscience, memory, attention, aging, neurodegenerative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopic imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging

    Education and Training:
    • Bachelor of Science: University of California, Davis - Biological Science
    • Doctor of Philosophy: University of California, Davis - Neuroscience

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Pilot Test of Telephone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia for Veterans with Gulf War Illness
    VA I21CX001428Jul 1, 2016 - Jun 30, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    An investigation of the relationship between toxicant exposures during Gulf War deployment and prodromal Parkinson's disease.
    VA I01CX000798Oct 1, 2013 - Dec 31, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CORTICAL AND LIMBIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO AUDITORY MEMORY
    NIH/NIMH F31MH010958Mar 23, 1995
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Clinical Trials
    Collapse Websites

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. Chao L.Do Gulf War veterans with high levels of deployment-related exposures display symptoms suggestive of Parkinson’s disease? Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019 Jul 15; 32(4):503–526. PMID: 31309787.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Chao LL. Improvements in Gulf War Illness Symptoms After Near-Infrared Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Two Case Reports. Mil Med. 2019 Mar 22. PMID: 30916762.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Chao LL. Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function, Cerebral Perfusion, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019 Mar; 37(3):133-141. PMID: 31050950.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Young DA, Neylan TC, Chao LL, O'Donovan A, Metzler TJ, Inslicht SS. Child abuse interacts with hippocampal and corpus callosum volume on psychophysiological response to startling auditory stimuli in a sample of veterans. J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Apr; 111:16-23. PMID: 30660809.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Chao LL. The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Rates of Chronic Symptomatic Illness in 202 Gulf War Veterans. Mil Med. 2018 11 01; 183(11-12):e571-e579. PMID: 29788089.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Young DA, Chao L, Neylan TC, O'Donovan A, Metzler TJ, Inslicht SS. Association among anterior cingulate cortex volume, psychophysiological response, and PTSD diagnosis in a Veteran sample. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2018 11; 155:189-196. PMID: 30086395.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Chao LL, Zhang Y. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on hippocampal microstructure in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2018 Jul - Aug; 68:36-46. PMID: 29733897.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Chao LL, Raymond MR, Leo CK, Abadjian LR. Evidence of Hippocampal Structural Alterations in Gulf War Veterans With Predicted Exposure to the Khamisiyah Plume. J Occup Environ Med. 2017 10; 59(10):923-929. PMID: 28692012.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Parthasarathy V, Frazier DT, Bettcher BM, Jastrzab L, Chao L, Reed B, Mungas D, Weiner M, DeCarli C, Chui H, Kramer JH. Triglycerides are negatively correlated with cognitive function in nondemented aging adults. Neuropsychology. 2017 Sep; 31(6):682-688. PMID: 28604016.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Chao LL. Evidence of Objective Memory Impairments in Deployed Gulf War Veterans With Subjective Memory Complaints. Mil Med. 2017 05; 182(5):e1625-e1631. PMID: 29087904.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Chao LL. Associations Between the Self-Reported Frequency of Hearing Chemical Alarms in Theater and Visuospatial Function in Gulf War Veterans. J Occup Environ Med. 2016 10; 58(10):1014-1020. PMID: 27513172.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Chao LL, Abadjian LR, Esparza IL, Reeb R. Insomnia Severity, Subjective Sleep Quality, and Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Veterans With Gulf War Illness. Mil Med. 2016 09; 181(9):1127-34. PMID: 27612364.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Chao LL, Reeb R, Esparza IL, Abadjian LR. Associations between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms in theater and regional brain volume in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2016 Mar; 53:246-256. PMID: 26920621.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Chao LL, Tosun D, Woodward SH, Kaufer D, Neylan TC. Preliminary Evidence of Increased Hippocampal Myelin Content in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci. 2015; 9:333. PMID: 26696852.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Chao LL, Zhang Y, Buckley S. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on white matter integrity in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2015 May; 48:239-48. PMID: 25929683.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Ross J, Neylan T, Weiner M, Chao L, Samuelson K, Sim I. Towards Constructing a New Taxonomy for Psychiatry Using Self-reported Symptoms. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015; 216:736-40. PMID: 26262149.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Frazier DT, Seider T, Bettcher BM, Mack WJ, Jastrzab L, Chao L, Weiner MW, DeCarli C, Reed BR, Mungas D, Chui HC, Kramer JH. The role of carotid intima-media thickness in predicting longitudinal cognitive function in an older adult cohort. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014; 38(6):441-7. PMID: 25502351.
      View in: PubMed
    18. O'Donovan A, Chao LL, Paulson J, Samuelson KW, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. Altered inflammatory activity associated with reduced hippocampal volume and more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms in Gulf War veterans. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015 Jan; 51:557-66. PMID: 25465168.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Chao LL, Kriger S, Buckley S, Ng P, Mueller SG. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on hippocampal subfields in Gulf War Veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2014 Sep; 44:263-9. PMID: 25058901.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Mohlenhoff BS, Chao LL, Buckley ST, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. Are hippocampal size differences in posttraumatic stress disorder mediated by sleep pathology? Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Jun; 10(3 Suppl):S146-54. PMID: 24924666.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Chao LL, Yaffe K, Samuelson K, Neylan TC. Hippocampal volume is inversely related to PTSD duration. Psychiatry Res. 2014 Jun 30; 222(3):119-23. PMID: 24742925.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Chao LL, Mohlenhoff BS, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. Associations between subjective sleep quality and brain volume in Gulf War veterans. Sleep. 2014 Mar 01; 37(3):445-52. PMID: 24587566.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Chao L, Weiner M, Neylan T. Regional cerebral volumes in veterans with current versus remitted posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013 Sep 30; 213(3):193-201. PMID: 23816189.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Zhang Y, Schuff N, Camacho M, Chao LL, Fletcher TP, Yaffe K, Woolley SC, Madison C, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Weiner MW. MRI markers for mild cognitive impairment: comparisons between white matter integrity and gray matter volume measurements. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e66367. PMID: 23762488.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Chao LL, Decarli C, Kriger S, Truran D, Zhang Y, Laxamana J, Villeneuve S, Jagust WJ, Sanossian N, Mack WJ, Chui HC, Weiner MW. Associations between white matter hyperintensities and ß amyloid on integrity of projection, association, and limbic fiber tracts measured with diffusion tensor MRI. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e65175. PMID: 23762308.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Cardenas VA, Tosun D, Chao LL, Fletcher PT, Joshi S, Weiner MW, Schuff N. Voxel-wise co-analysis of macro- and microstructural brain alteration in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using anatomical and diffusion MRI. J Neuroimaging. 2014 Sep-Oct; 24(5):435-43. PMID: 23421601.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Cardenas VA, Reed B, Chao LL, Chui H, Sanossian N, DeCarli CC, Mack W, Kramer J, Hodis HN, Yan M, Buonocore MH, Carmichael O, Jagust WJ, Weiner MW. Associations among vascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and cortical volume and thickness in older adults. Stroke. 2012 Nov; 43(11):2865-70. PMID: 22984010.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Chao LL, Lenoci M, Neylan TC. Effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on occipital lobe function and structure. Neuroreport. 2012 May 09; 23(7):412-9. PMID: 22453299.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Chao LL, Abadjian L, Hlavin J, Meyerhoff DJ, Weiner MW. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure and Gulf War Illness on brain structure and function: a study at 4T. Neurotoxicology. 2011 Dec; 32(6):814-22. PMID: 21741405.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Chao LL, Rothlind JC, Cardenas VA, Meyerhoff DJ, Weiner MW. Effects of low-level exposure to sarin and cyclosarin during the 1991 Gulf War on brain function and brain structure in US veterans. Neurotoxicology. 2010 Sep; 31(5):493-501. PMID: 20580739.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Chao LL, Buckley ST, Kornak J, Schuff N, Madison C, Yaffe K, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Weiner MW. ASL perfusion MRI predicts cognitive decline and conversion from MCI to dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2010 Jan-Mar; 24(1):19-27. PMID: 20220321.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Chao LL, Pa J, Duarte A, Schuff N, Weiner MW, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Freeman KM, Johnson JK. Patterns of cerebral hypoperfusion in amnestic and dysexecutive MCI. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009 Jul-Sep; 23(3):245-52. PMID: 19812467.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Pa J, Boxer A, Chao LL, Gazzaley A, Freeman K, Kramer J, Miller BL, Weiner MW, Neuhaus J, Johnson JK. Clinical-neuroimaging characteristics of dysexecutive mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2009 Apr; 65(4):414-23. PMID: 19399879.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Chao LL, Mueller SG, Buckley ST, Peek K, Raptentsetseng S, Elman J, Yaffe K, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Madison C, Mungas D, Schuff N, Weiner MW. Evidence of neurodegeneration in brains of older adults who do not yet fulfill MCI criteria. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Mar; 31(3):368-77. PMID: 18550226.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Chao LL, Schuff N, Clevenger EM, Mueller SG, Rosen HJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Weiner MW. Patterns of white matter atrophy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Arch Neurol. 2007 Nov; 64(11):1619-24. PMID: 17998444.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Cardenas VA, Boxer AL, Chao LL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Miller BL, Weiner MW, Studholme C. Deformation-based morphometry reveals brain atrophy in frontotemporal dementia. Arch Neurol. 2007 Jun; 64(6):873-7. PMID: 17562936.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Schuff N, Meyerhoff DJ, Mueller S, Chao L, Sacrey DT, Laxer K, Weiner MW. N-acetylaspartate as a marker of neuronal injury in neurodegenerative disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006; 576:241-62; discussion 361-3. PMID: 16802717.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Cardenas VA, Chao LL, Blumenfeld R, Song E, Meyerhoff DJ, Weiner MW, Studholme C. Using automated morphometry to detect associations between ERP latency and structural brain MRI in normal adults. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 Jul; 25(3):317-27. PMID: 15834860.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Du AT, Schuff N, Chao LL, Kornak J, Jagust WJ, Kramer JH, Reed BR, Miller BL, Norman D, Chui HC, Weiner MW. Age effects on atrophy rates of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging. 2006 May; 27(5):733-40. PMID: 15961190.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Du AT, Schuff N, Chao LL, Kornak J, Ezekiel F, Jagust WJ, Kramer JH, Reed BR, Miller BL, Norman D, Chui HC, Weiner MW. White matter lesions are associated with cortical atrophy more than entorhinal and hippocampal atrophy. Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Apr; 26(4):553-9. PMID: 15653183.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Ezekiel F, Chao L, Kornak J, Du AT, Cardenas V, Truran D, Jagust W, Chui H, Miller B, Yaffe K, Schuff N, Weiner M. Comparisons between global and focal brain atrophy rates in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Boundary Shift Integral versus tracing of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2004 Oct-Dec; 18(4):196-201. PMID: 15592130.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Chao LL, Lindgren JA, Flenniken DL, Weiner MW. ERP evidence of impaired central nervous system function in virally suppressed HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Jul; 115(7):1583-91. PMID: 15203059.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Chao LL, Cardenas VA, Meyerhoff DJ, Rothlind JC, Flenniken DL, Lindgren JA, Weiner MW. Abnormal contingent negative variation in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Neuroreport. 2003 Nov 14; 14(16):2111-5. PMID: 14600507.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Chao LL, Meyerhoff DJ, Cardenas VA, Rothlind JC, Weiner MW. Abnormal CNV in chronic heavy drinkers. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Nov; 114(11):2081-95. PMID: 14580606.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Chao LL, Weisberg J, Martin A. Experience-dependent modulation of category-related cortical activity. Cereb Cortex. 2002 May; 12(5):545-51. PMID: 11950772.
      View in: PubMed
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