Carl Grunfeld, MD, PhD

Title(s)Professor, Medicine
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW
San Francisco CA 94143
Phone415-750-2005
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0003-3501-4421 Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Haverford College, Haverford, PABS1968Biology
    Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYPhD1974Phrarmacology
    Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYMD1975Medicine
    Massachuetts General Hospital, Boston, MA1977Internal Medicine Residency
    National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD1980Endocrinology Fellowship
    University of California, San Francisco, CA2018Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSF2019John H. Karam, MD, Clinician Educator Award
    Department of Veterans Affairs2019Certificate of Appreciation for Distinguished Service
    Alumni Association, Haverford College2018Distinguished Achievement Award for Outstanding Accomplishments in a Profession
    Albert Einstein College of Medicine2012Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award
    Department of Veterans Affairs2010Office of Public Health Strategic Healthcare Group Award
    Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2010The Endocrine Society and Pfizer Inc. International Award for Excellence in Published Clinical Res
    Western Metabolism Club2010Robert H. Williams-Rachmiel Levine Award
    University of Maastricht1999Catharina Pijls Lecture

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Dr. Grunfeld’s research involves two major areas. He studies how infection and inflammation affect metabolism and body composition, with a focus on ways those changes promote atherosclerosis. He also studies how disease and therapy affect kidney function with laboratory studies looking at novel markers in urine and blood.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs on Metabolism
    NIH R01DK066999Mar 1, 2004 - Jan 31, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection
    NIH R01HL074814Sep 30, 1999 - Aug 31, 2009
    Role: Principal Investigator
    FAT REDISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC CHANGE IN HIV INFECTION
    NIH R01DK057508Sep 30, 1999 - Sep 25, 2003
    Role: Principal Investigator
    ROLE OF SECONDARY ILLNESS IN THE WASTING OF AIDS
    NIH R01DK049448Sep 30, 1994 - Jul 31, 2002
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Connie Wofsy Women's HIV Study
    NIH U01AI034989Aug 1, 1993 - Dec 31, 2019
    Role: Co-Investigator
    CYTOKINES AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND WASTING OF AIDS
    NIH R01DK040990Jul 1, 1989 - Jun 30, 1998
    Role: Principal Investigator
    INSULIN RECEPTOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
    NIH R01DK037102Apr 1, 1986 - Mar 31, 1990
    Role: Principal Investigator
    A Resource for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry
    NIH P41RR000954Jun 1, 1975 - Dec 31, 2014
    Role: Co-Investigator
    General Clinical Research Center
    NIH M01RR000083Oct 1, 1974 - Nov 30, 2007
    Role: Co-Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Clinical Trials
    Collapse Academic Senate

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Bone marrow adipose tissue composition and glycemic improvements after gastric bypass surgery. Bone Rep. 2022 Dec; 17:101596. Kim TY, Schwartz AV, Li X, Xu K, Kazakia GJ, Grunfeld C, Nissenson RA, Shoback DM, Schafer AL. PMID: 35734226; PMCID: PMC9207612.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    2. The Heart and Cannabis (THC) Cohort: Differences in Baseline Health and Behaviors by Cannabis Use. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Jan 10. Keyhani S, Cohen BE, Vali M, Hoggatt KJ, Bravata DM, Austin PC, Lum E, Hasin DS, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 35013928.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 03; 37(4):853-861. Seal KH, Bertenthal D, Carey E, Grunfeld C, Bikle DD, Lu CM. PMID: 34981368; PMCID: PMC8723909.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    4. Associations of CKD risk factors and longitudinal changes in urine biomarkers of kidney tubules among women living with HIV. BMC Nephrol. 2021 08 30; 22(1):296. Muiru AN, Scherzer R, Ascher SB, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Shigenaga J, Spaulding KA, Ng DK, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Estrella MM, Shlipak MG. PMID: 34461840; PMCID: PMC8406753.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Kidney tubule health scores and their associations with incident CKD in women living with HIV. HIV Med. 2021 08; 22(7):527-537. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Muiru AN, Jotwani VK, Grunfeld C, Shigenaga J, Spaulding KA, Ng DK, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Shlipak MG. PMID: 33751761; PMCID: PMC8803539.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Contributions of HIV, hepatitis C virus, and traditional vascular risk factors to peripheral artery disease in women. AIDS. 2019 11 01; 33(13):2025-2033. Cedarbaum E, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, Adimora AA, Bamman M, Cohen M, Fischl MA, Matsushita K, Ofotokun I, Plankey M, Seaberg EC, Yin MT, Grunfeld C, Vartanian S, Sharma A, Tien PC. PMID: 31335806; PMCID: PMC6774831.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Association of Statin Use With Kidney Damage and Function Among HIV-Infected Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 10 01; 82(2):202-210. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Nishtala A, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Ng D, Wang R, Palella FJ, Shlipak MG, Estrella MM. PMID: 31356467; PMCID: PMC6742526.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Mortality following myocardial infarction among HIV-infected persons: the Center for AIDS Research Network Of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS). BMC Med. 2019 07 31; 17(1):149. Feinstein MJ, Nance RM, Delaney JAC, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Drozd DR, Burkholder GA, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Mathews WC, Moore RD, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Hunt PW, Geng E, Hsue P, Peter I, Lober WB, Crothers K, Grunfeld C, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Lloyd-Jones DM, Crane HM. PMID: 31362721; PMCID: PMC6668167.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate initiation and changes in urinary biomarker concentrations among HIV-infected men and women. AIDS. 2019 03 15; 33(4):723-733. Zhang WR, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Ascher SB, Muiru A, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Gustafson D, Kassaye S, Sharma A, Cohen M, Tien PC, Ng DK, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Ho K, Shlipak MG. PMID: 30830887; PMCID: PMC6400312.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Leptinemia is Associated With Peripheral Artery Disease. J Surg Res. 2019 06; 238:48-56. Zahner GJ, Ramirez JL, Spaulding KA, Khetani SA, Gasper WJ, Grunfeld C, Hills NK, Schafer AL, Grenon SM. PMID: 30738358; PMCID: PMC6451889.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Kidney disease risk factors associate with urine biomarkers concentrations in HIV-positive persons; a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2019 01 03; 20(1):4. Muiru AN, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Zhang WR, Ascher SB, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Ng D, Palella FJ, Ho K, Kassaye S, Sharma A, Cohen M, Wang R, Qi Q, Estrella MM. PMID: 30606136; PMCID: PMC6318986.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Injury with Estimated GFR Decline in HIV-Infected Individuals following Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Initiation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 09 07; 13(9):1321-1329. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Zhang WR, Muiru AN, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Gustafson D, Young M, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Ng DK, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Ho K, Shlipak MG. PMID: 30154221; PMCID: PMC6140559.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Association of Biomarker Clusters With Cardiac Phenotypes and Mortality in Patients With HIV Infection. Circ Heart Fail. 2018 04; 11(4):e004312. Scherzer R, Shah SJ, Secemsky E, Butler J, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG, Hsue PY. PMID: 29615435; PMCID: PMC5886751.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Contribution of Liver Fibrosis and Microbial Translocation to Immune Activation in Persons Infected With HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus. J Infect Dis. 2018 03 28; 217(8):1289-1297. Reid M, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, French AL, Huhn GD, Plankey MW, Peters M, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. PMID: 29304196; PMCID: PMC6019002.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    15. CHA2DS2-VASc Score, Warfarin Use, and Risk for Thromboembolic Events Among HIV-Infected Persons With Atrial Fibrillation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 09 01; 76(1):90-97. Chau KH, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Hsue PY, Shlipak MG. PMID: 28797024; PMCID: PMC5646359.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Association of Tenofovir Use With Risk of Incident Heart Failure in HIV-Infected Patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Apr 24; 6(4). Chen R, Scherzer R, Hsue PY, Jotwani V, Estrella MM, Horberg MA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 28438737; PMCID: PMC5533031.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Types of Myocardial Infarction Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in the United States. JAMA Cardiol. 2017 03 01; 2(3):260-267. Crane HM, Paramsothy P, Drozd DR, Nance RM, Delaney JA, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Burkholder GA, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Mathews WC, Crane PK, Moore RD, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Hunt PW, Geng E, Hsue P, Rodriguez C, Peter I, Barnes GS, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Crothers K, Feinstein MJ, Grunfeld C, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) Cohort. PMID: 28052152; PMCID: PMC5538773.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    18. Associations Between At-Risk Alcohol Use, Substance Use, and Smoking with Lipohypertrophy and Lipoatrophy Among Patients Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 06; 33(6):534-545. Noorhasan M, Drozd DR, Grunfeld C, Merrill JO, Burkholder GA, Mugavero MJ, Willig JH, Willig AL, Cropsey KL, Mayer KH, Blashill A, Mimiaga M, McCaul ME, Hutton H, Chander G, Mathews WC, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Christopoulos K, Fredericksen RJ, Nance RM, Delaney JC, Crane PK, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Crane HM. PMID: 28092168; PMCID: PMC5467136.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    
    19. Higher CD163 levels are associated with insulin resistance in hepatitis C virus-infected and HIV-infected adults. AIDS. 2017 01 28; 31(3):385-393. Reid M, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, French AL, Plankey MW, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. PMID: 28081037; PMCID: PMC5235318.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Association of serum albumin and aspartate transaminase with 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection and HIV monoinfection. AIDS. 2017 01 02; 31(1):71-79. Scherzer R, Heymsfield SB, Rimland D, Powderly WG, Tien PC, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C, Study of Fat Redistribution, Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 27677166; PMCID: PMC5127775.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Association of Kidney Function and Early Kidney Injury With Incident Hypertension in HIV-Infected Women. Hypertension. 2017 02; 69(2):304-313. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Peralta CA, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Estrella MM, Abraham A, Gustafson DR, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Butch AW, Young MA, Bennett MR, Shlipak MG. PMID: 27993956; PMCID: PMC5233560.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    22. Effect of inflammation on HDL structure and function. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016 10; 27(5):521-30. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 27495134.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    23. Diabetes in HIV-infected persons in Cameroon? Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016 09; 32(6):512-3. Grunfeld C, Dankner R. PMID: 26936763.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    24. HIV and Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patients Have Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Despite Higher Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9): An Apparent "PCSK9-Lipid Paradox". J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 04 29; 5(5). Kohli P, Ganz P, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Hur S, Weigel B, Grunfeld C, Deeks S, Wasserman S, Scott R, Hsue PY. PMID: 27130349; PMCID: PMC4889164.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Apr; 24(4):794-804. Daubenmier J, Moran PJ, Kristeller J, Acree M, Bacchetti P, Kemeny ME, Dallman M, Lustig RH, Grunfeld C, Nixon DF, Milush JM, Goldman V, Laraia B, Laugero KD, Woodhouse L, Epel ES, Hecht FM. PMID: 26955895; PMCID: PMC4898945.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Use of cystatin C to inform metformin eligibility among adult veterans with diabetes. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2016 Mar; 3:1-6. Tuot DS, Scherzer R, Leong H, Hung AM, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 28603691; PMCID: PMC5464411.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2  
    27. Association of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Liver Fibrosis Severity With the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score. J Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 01; 213(7):1079-86. Swanson S, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Huhn G, French AL, Plankey MW, Grunfeld C, Rosenberg WM, Peters MG, Tien PC. PMID: 26621911; PMCID: PMC4779303.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    28. Association of HIV, hepatitis C virus and liver fibrosis severity with interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. AIDS. 2015 Jul 17; 29(11):1325-33. Shah S, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Huhn G, French AL, Plankey M, Peters MG, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. PMID: 25870985; PMCID: PMC4478137.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    29. Subchronic sleep restriction causes tissue-specific insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr; 100(4):1664-71. Rao MN, Neylan TC, Grunfeld C, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Schwarz JM. PMID: 25658017; PMCID: PMC4399283.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 46     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Changes in vertebral bone marrow fat and bone mass after gastric bypass surgery: A pilot study. Bone. 2015 May; 74:140-5. Schafer AL, Li X, Schwartz AV, Tufts LS, Wheeler AL, Grunfeld C, Stewart L, Rogers SJ, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Black DM, Shoback DM. PMID: 25603463; PMCID: PMC4355193.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    31. Teriparatide treatment of osteoporosis in an HIV-infected man: a case report and literature review. AIDS. 2015 Jan 14; 29(2):245-6. Wheeler AL, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Schafer AL. PMID: 25532609; PMCID: PMC4438749.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Deep sequencing of RYR3 gene identifies rare and common variants associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in HIV-infected individuals. J Hum Genet. 2015 Feb; 60(2):63-7. Zhi D, Shendre A, Scherzer R, Irvin MR, Perry RT, Levy S, Arnett DK, Grunfeld C, Shrestha S. PMID: 25500725; PMCID: PMC6496937.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Altered inflammatory activity associated with reduced hippocampal volume and more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms in Gulf War veterans. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015 Jan; 51:557-66. O'Donovan A, Chao LL, Paulson J, Samuelson KW, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. PMID: 25465168; PMCID: PMC4374733.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Depletion of B-cells with rituximab improves endothelial function and reduces inflammation among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Oct 21; 3(5):e001267. Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Imboden J, Wu Y, Del Puerto G, Nitta E, Shigenaga J, Schnell Heringer A, Ganz P, Graf J. PMID: 25336464; PMCID: PMC4323827.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsCTClinical Trials
    35. Inflammation stimulates niacin receptor (GPR109A/HCA2) expression in adipose tissue and macrophages. J Lipid Res. 2014 Dec; 55(12):2501-8. Feingold KR, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. PMID: 25320346; PMCID: PMC4242443.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    36. The association of adiposity with kidney function decline among HIV-infected adults: findings from the Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Changes in HIV Infection (FRAM) study. HIV Med. 2015 Mar; 16(3):184-90. Malkina A, Scherzer R, Shlipak MG, Bacchetti P, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Kosmiski L, Peralta CA. PMID: 25251910; PMCID: PMC4320665.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Hyperinsulinemic response to oral glucose challenge in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014 Nov; 49:171-81. Rao MN, Chau A, Madden E, Inslicht S, Talbot L, Richards A, O'Donovan A, Ruoff L, Grunfeld C, Neylan TC. PMID: 25108160; PMCID: PMC4165697.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Serum albumin and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014 Oct; 64(4):584-91. Lang J, Scherzer R, Tien PC, Parikh CR, Anastos K, Estrella MM, Abraham AG, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Butch AW, Nowicki M, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 25059222; PMCID: PMC4177337.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    39. A chronic kidney disease risk score to determine tenofovir safety in a prospective cohort of HIV-positive male veterans. AIDS. 2014 Jun 01; 28(9):1289-95. Scherzer R, Gandhi M, Estrella MM, Tien PC, Deeks SG, Grunfeld C, Peralta CA, Shlipak MG. PMID: 24922479; PMCID: PMC4188545.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Monocyte activation from interferon-α in HIV infection increases acetylated LDL uptake and ROS production. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2014 Oct; 34(10):822-8. Pulliam L, Calosing C, Sun B, Grunfeld C, Rempel H. PMID: 24731171; PMCID: PMC4186262.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    41. Association of glucocorticoid receptor haplotypes with body composition and metabolic parameters in HIV-infected patients from the FRAM study. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Mar; 24(3):156-61. Manenschijn L, Scherzer R, Koper JW, Danoff A, van Rossum EF, Grunfeld C. PMID: 24418810.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection ameliorates the atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities of HIV infection. AIDS. 2014 Jan 02; 28(1):49-58. Wheeler AL, Scherzer R, Lee D, Delaney JA, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Sidney S, Grunfeld C, Tien PC, Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 24136113; PMCID: PMC4267724.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    43. Urinary biomarkers of kidney injury are associated with all-cause mortality in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). HIV Med. 2014 May; 15(5):291-300. Peralta C, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Abraham A, Tien P, Devarajan P, Bennett M, Butch A, Anastos K, Cohen M, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Sarnak M, Parikh C, Shlipak M. PMID: 24313986; PMCID: PMC3975680.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. HIV, inflammation, and calcium in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014 Feb; 34(2):244-50. Shrestha S, Irvin MR, Grunfeld C, Arnett DK. PMID: 24265418.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    45. Does HIV infection promote early kidney injury in women? Antivir Ther. 2014; 19(1):79-87. Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Abraham A, Estrella MM, Bennett M, Devarajan P, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Shlipak MG. PMID: 23970313; PMCID: PMC3933452.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. The relationship between body mass index and mental health among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. J Gen Intern Med. 2013 Jul; 28 Suppl 2:S563-70. Maguen S, Madden E, Cohen B, Bertenthal D, Neylan T, Talbot L, Grunfeld C, Seal K. PMID: 23807066; PMCID: PMC3695271.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Serum albumin and short-term risk for mortality and cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected veterans. AIDS. 2013 May 15; 27(8):1339-43. Lang J, Scherzer R, Weekley CC, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 23343914; PMCID: PMC4026018.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. Elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine are associated with lower CD4+ count and higher viral load in HIV-infected individuals. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Jul; 229(1):246-52. Parikh RV, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Nitta EM, Leone A, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Ganz P, Hsue PY. PMID: 23711612; PMCID: PMC3691342.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    49. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: incidence, risk factors, and association with markers of HIV disease severity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jun 04; 61(22):2288-95. Hsu JC, Li Y, Marcus GM, Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 23563125.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    50. Ceramides stimulate caspase-14 expression in human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol. 2013 Feb; 22(2):113-8. Jiang YJ, Kim P, Uchida Y, Elias PM, Bikle DD, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 23362869; PMCID: PMC4099380.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    51. Urinary markers of kidney injury and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Dec 15; 61(5):565-73. Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Abraham A, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Peralta CA, Devarajan P, Bennett M, Butch AW, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young MA, Sarnak MJ, Parikh CR. PMID: 23023103; PMCID: PMC3509242.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Lipids: a key player in the battle between the host and microorganisms. J Lipid Res. 2012 Dec; 53(12):2487-9. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 23075464; PMCID: PMC3494250.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. Mechanisms of triglyceride accumulation in activated macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 2012 Oct; 92(4):829-39. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Kazemi MR, McDonald CM, Patzek SM, Cross AS, Moser A, Grunfeld C. PMID: 22753953; PMCID: PMC3441312.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 85     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    54. Psoriasis: it's more than just the skin. J Lipid Res. 2012 Aug; 53(8):1427-9. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 22685321; PMCID: PMC3540839.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    55. Association of tenofovir exposure with kidney disease risk in HIV infection. AIDS. 2012 Apr 24; 26(7):867-75. Scherzer R, Estrella M, Li Y, Choi AI, Deeks SG, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 22313955; PMCID: PMC3736566.
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    56. Angiopoietin like protein 4 expression is decreased in activated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 May 11; 421(3):612-5. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Cross AS, Moser A, Grunfeld C. PMID: 22538368.
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    57. FGF21 is increased by inflammatory stimuli and protects leptin-deficient ob/ob mice from the toxicity of sepsis. Endocrinology. 2012 Jun; 153(6):2689-700. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C, Heuer JG, Gupta A, Cramer M, Zhang T, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Chan ZW, Moser A, Bina H, Kharitonenkov A. PMID: 22474187; PMCID: PMC3359613.
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    58. HIV infection is associated with decreased thrombin generation. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr; 54(8):1196-203. Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Nordstrom SM, Schnell A, Kohl LP, Nitta E, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Weiss EJ. PMID: 22438347; PMCID: PMC3309887.
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    59. Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury in HIV Infection. Am J Nephrol. 2012; 35(4):327-34. Li Y, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C, Choi AI. PMID: 22456100; PMCID: PMC3362304.
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    60. Relationship between MRI-measured bone marrow adipose tissue and hip and spine bone mineral density in African-American and Caucasian participants: the CARDIA study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Apr; 97(4):1337-46. Shen W, Scherzer R, Gantz M, Chen J, Punyanitya M, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C. PMID: 22319043; PMCID: PMC3319176.
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    61. Risk factors for ESRD in HIV-infected individuals: traditional and HIV-related factors. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 May; 59(5):628-35. Jotwani V, Li Y, Grunfeld C, Choi AI, Shlipak MG. PMID: 22206742; PMCID: PMC3324595.
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    62. Genes linked to energy metabolism and immunoregulatory mechanisms are associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in HIV-infected men. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Dec; 21(12):798-807. Irvin MR, Shrestha S, Chen YD, Wiener HW, Haritunians T, Vaughan LK, Tiwari HK, Taylor KD, Scherzer R, Saag MS, Grunfeld C, Rotter JI, Arnett DK. PMID: 21897333; PMCID: PMC3210910.
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    63. Association of low level viremia with inflammation and mortality in HIV-infected adults. PLoS One. 2011; 6(11):e26320. Eastburn A, Scherzer R, Zolopa AR, Benson C, Tracy R, Do T, Bacchetti P, Shlipak M, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. PMID: 22073156; PMCID: PMC3206804.
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    64. Association of increased upper trunk and decreased leg fat with 2-h glucose in control and HIV-infected persons. Diabetes Care. 2011 Nov; 34(11):2448-53. Kosmiski LA, Scherzer R, Heymsfield SB, Rimland D, Simberkoff MS, Sidney S, Shlipak MG, Bacchetti P, Biggs ML, Grunfeld C, Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 21926283; PMCID: PMC3198295.
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    65. Decreased limb muscle and increased central adiposity are associated with 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV infection. AIDS. 2011 Jul 17; 25(11):1405-14. Scherzer R, Heymsfield SB, Lee D, Powderly WG, Tien PC, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C, Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 21572308; PMCID: PMC3933309.
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    66. Inflammation inhibits GPR81 expression in adipose tissue. Inflamm Res. 2011 Oct; 60(10):991-5. Feingold KR, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. PMID: 21751047.
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    67. Regional fat deposition and cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: the FRAM study. AIDS Care. 2011 Aug; 23(8):929-38. Lake JE, Wohl D, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Tien PC, Sidney S, Currier JS. PMID: 21767228; PMCID: PMC3249238.
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    68. Reduced kidney function and preclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals: the study of fat redistribution and metabolic change in HIV infection (FRAM). Am J Nephrol. 2011; 33(5):453-60. Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Choi A, Szczech L, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak M. PMID: 21508633; PMCID: PMC3100378.
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    69. Inflammation inhibits the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in liver and adipose tissue. Innate Immun. 2012 Apr; 18(2):231-40. Feingold KR, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. PMID: 21450790.
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    70. Levels of plasma fibrinogen are elevated in well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011 Aug; 50(8):1458-65. Rooney T, Scherzer R, Shigenaga JK, Graf J, Imboden JB, Grunfeld C. PMID: 21441551.
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    71. Age-related skeletal muscle decline is similar in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Mar; 66(3):332-40. Yarasheski KE, Scherzer R, Kotler DP, Dobs AS, Tien PC, Lewis CE, Kronmal RA, Heymsfield SB, Bacchetti P, Grunfeld C, Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 21310810; PMCID: PMC3041474.
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    72. Impact of NRTIs on lipid levels among a large HIV-infected cohort initiating antiretroviral therapy in clinical care. AIDS. 2011 Jan 14; 25(2):185-95. Crane HM, Grunfeld C, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Van Rompaey S, Moore R, Rodriguez B, Feldman BJ, Lederman MM, Saag MS, Kitahata MM. PMID: 21150555; PMCID: PMC6027746.
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    73. Uromodulin concentrations are not associated with incident CKD among persons with coronary artery disease. BMC Nephrol. 2011 Jan 14; 12:2. Shlipak MG, Li Y, Fox C, Coresh J, Grunfeld C, Whooley M. PMID: 21235779; PMCID: PMC3031204.
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    74. Inflammation and mortality in HIV-infected adults: analysis of the FRAM study cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Nov; 55(3):316-22. Tien PC, Choi AI, Zolopa AR, Benson C, Tracy R, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Shlipak M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20581689; PMCID: PMC2955817.
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    75. Boosting dose ritonavir does not alter peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy HIV-seronegative volunteers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Nov; 55(3):361-4. Taylor SA, Lee GA, Pao VY, Anthonypillai J, Aweeka FT, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20595906; PMCID: PMC3164483.
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    76. The role of HDL in innate immunity. J Lipid Res. 2011 Jan; 52(1):1-3. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20944062; PMCID: PMC2999920.
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    77. Associations of antiretroviral drug use and HIV-specific risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness. AIDS. 2010 Sep 10; 24(14):2201-9. Delaney JA, Scherzer R, Biggs ML, Shliplak MG, Polak JF, Currier JS, Kronmal RA, Wanke C, Bacchetti P, O'leary D, Tien PC, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20671544; PMCID: PMC3224487.
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    78. Expression and regulation of GPAT isoforms in cultured human keratinocytes and rodent epidermis. J Lipid Res. 2010 Nov; 51(11):3207-16. Lu B, Jiang YJ, Kim P, Moser A, Elias PM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 20719759; PMCID: PMC2952561.
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    79. Cystatin C, albuminuria, and 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV-infected persons. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Nov; 56(5):872-82. Choi A, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Tien PC, Saag MS, Gibert CL, Szczech LA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 20709438; PMCID: PMC3164880.
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    80. Dyslipidemia and its Treatment in HIV Infection. Top HIV Med. 2010 Aug-Sep; 18(3):112-8. Grunfeld C. PMID: 20921577; PMCID: PMC3189481.
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    81. Regional adipose tissue measured by MRI over 5 years in HIV-infected and control participants indicates persistence of HIV-associated lipoatrophy. AIDS. 2010 Jul 17; 24(11):1717-26. Grunfeld C, Saag M, Cofrancesco J, Lewis CE, Kronmal R, Heymsfield S, Tien PC, Bacchetti P, Shlipak M, Scherzer R, Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 20502316; PMCID: PMC3309711.
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    82. Effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF-binding protein-3 treatment on glucose metabolism and fat distribution in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Sep; 95(9):4361-6. Rao MN, Mulligan K, Tai V, Wen MJ, Dyachenko A, Weinberg M, Li X, Lang T, Grunfeld C, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M. PMID: 20610601; PMCID: PMC2936071.
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    83. Intermuscular adipose tissue and metabolic associations in HIV infection. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Feb; 19(2):283-91. Scherzer R, Shen W, Heymsfield SB, Lewis CE, Kotler DP, Punyanitya M, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C, Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 20539305; PMCID: PMC3731045.
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    84. Effect of inter-reader variability on outcomes in studies using carotid intima media thickness quantified by carotid ultrasonography. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010 Jun; 25(6):385-92. Delaney JA, Scherzer R, Polak J, Biggs ML, Kronmal R, Chen H, Sidney S, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20309612; PMCID: PMC3161119.
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    85. A genome-wide association study of carotid atherosclerosis in HIV-infected men. AIDS. 2010 Feb 20; 24(4):583-92. Shrestha S, Irvin MR, Taylor KD, Wiener HW, Pajewski NM, Haritunians T, Delaney JA, Schambelan M, Polak JF, Arnett DK, Chen YD, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20009918; PMCID: PMC3072760.
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    86. Endotoxin, zymosan, and cytokines decrease the expression of the transcription factor, carbohydrate response element binding protein, and its target genes. Innate Immun. 2011 Apr; 17(2):174-82. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Chui LG, Moser A, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20100709.
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    87. Association between kidney function and albuminuria with cardiovascular events in HIV-infected persons. Circulation. 2010 Feb 09; 121(5):651-8. Choi AI, Li Y, Deeks SG, Grunfeld C, Volberding PA, Shlipak MG. PMID: 20100969; PMCID: PMC2829672.
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    88. Relation of coronary artery plaque location to extent of coronary artery disease studied by computed tomographic angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2010 Jan-Feb; 4(1):19-26. Grunfeld C, Scherzer R, Varosy PD, Ambarish G, Nasir K, Budoff M. PMID: 20159623.
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    89. The protease inhibitor combination lopinavir/ritonavir does not decrease insulin secretion in healthy, HIV-seronegative volunteers. AIDS. 2010 Jan 16; 24(2):265-70. Pao VY, Lee GA, Taylor S, Aweeka FT, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 19890203.
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    90. The acute phase response inhibits reverse cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res. 2010 Apr; 51(4):682-4. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 20071695; PMCID: PMC2842157.
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    91. Association of HIV infection, demographic and cardiovascular risk factors with all-cause mortality in the recent HAART era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Jan; 53(1):102-6. Cockerham L, Scherzer R, Zolopa A, Rimland D, Lewis CE, Bacchetti P, Grunfeld C, Shlipak M, Tien PC. PMID: 19738484; PMCID: PMC2799541.
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    92. The acute phase response stimulates the expression of angiopoietin like protein 4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jan 22; 391(4):1737-41. Lu B, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 20043872.
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    93. The acute effects of HIV protease inhibitors on insulin suppression of glucose production in healthy HIV-negative men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Oct 01; 52(2):246-8. Lee GA, Schwarz JM, Patzek S, Kim S, Dyachenko A, Wen M, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 19680131; PMCID: PMC3164488.
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    94. Preclinical atherosclerosis due to HIV infection: carotid intima-medial thickness measurements from the FRAM study. AIDS. 2009 Sep 10; 23(14):1841-9. Grunfeld C, Delaney JA, Wanke C, Currier JS, Scherzer R, Biggs ML, Tien PC, Shlipak MG, Sidney S, Polak JF, O'Leary D, Bacchetti P, Kronmal RA. PMID: 19455012; PMCID: PMC3156613.
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    95. ADRP/ADFP and Mal1 expression are increased in macrophages treated with TLR agonists. Atherosclerosis. 2010 Mar; 209(1):81-8. Feingold KR, Kazemi MR, Magra AL, McDonald CM, Chui LG, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Chan ZW, Londos C, Grunfeld C. PMID: 19748622.
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    96. Levels of C-reactive protein associated with high and very high cardiovascular risk are prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 16; 4(7):e6242. Graf J, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Imboden J. PMID: 19606218; PMCID: PMC2707000.
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    97. The effect of individual antiretroviral drugs on body composition in HIV-infected persons initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Jul 01; 51(3):298-304. Shlay JC, Sharma S, Peng G, Gibert CL, Grunfeld C, Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA), International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT). PMID: 19412117; PMCID: PMC2745266.
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    98. HIV viremia and changes in kidney function. AIDS. 2009 Jun 01; 23(9):1089-96. Longenecker CT, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 19352136; PMCID: PMC3725756.
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    99. Infection decreases fatty acid oxidation and nuclear hormone receptors in the diaphragm. J Lipid Res. 2009 Oct; 50(10):2055-63. Feingold KR, Moser A, Patzek SM, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. PMID: 19443862; PMCID: PMC2739760.
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    100. Ceramide stimulates ABCA12 expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {delta} in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 10; 284(28):18942-52. Jiang YJ, Uchida Y, Lu B, Kim P, Mao C, Akiyama M, Elias PM, Holleran WM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 19429679; PMCID: PMC2707228.
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    101. The effects of recombinant human leptin on visceral fat, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipoatrophy and hypoleptinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr; 94(4):1137-44. Mulligan K, Khatami H, Schwarz JM, Sakkas GK, DePaoli AM, Tai VW, Wen MJ, Lee GA, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. PMID: 19174500; PMCID: PMC2682465.
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    102. Racial differences in changes of metabolic parameters and body composition in antiretroviral therapy-naive persons initiating antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Jan 01; 50(1):44-53. Gibert CL, Shlay JC, Sharma S, Bartsch G, Peng G, Grunfeld C, Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials. PMID: 19295334.
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    103. Endotoxin in the gut and chylomicrons: translocation or transportation? J Lipid Res. 2009 Jan; 50(1):1-2. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 18957696.
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    104. LPS and proinflammatory cytokines decrease lipin-1 in mouse adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Dec; 295(6):E1502-9. Lu B, Lu Y, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 18940942; PMCID: PMC2603550.
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    105. Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging-measured adipose tissue depots in HIV-infected and control subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct; 88(4):1088-96. Scherzer R, Shen W, Bacchetti P, Kotler D, Lewis CE, Shlipak MG, Punyanitya M, Heymsfield SB, Grunfeld C, Study of Fat Redistribution Metabolic Change in HIV Infection. PMID: 18842798; PMCID: PMC3156610.
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    106. Understanding the complications of antiretroviral drugs. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 15; 47(4):575-6. Grunfeld C. PMID: 18611156; PMCID: PMC3170412.
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    107. Inflammation stimulates the expression of PCSK9. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Sep 19; 374(2):341-4. Feingold KR, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18638454; PMCID: PMC2571081.
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    108. LPS decreases fatty acid oxidation and nuclear hormone receptors in the kidney. J Lipid Res. 2008 Oct; 49(10):2179-87. Feingold KR, Wang Y, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18574256; PMCID: PMC2533407.
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    109. Contribution of metabolic and anthropometric abnormalities to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Circulation. 2008 Jul 08; 118(2):e20-8. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Arnett DK, Falutz JM, Haffner SM, Hruz P, Masur H, Meigs JB, Mulligan K, Reiss P, Samaras K, Working Group 1. PMID: 18566314; PMCID: PMC3170411.
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    110. State of the science conference: Initiative to decrease cardiovascular risk and increase quality of care for patients living with HIV/AIDS: executive summary. Circulation. 2008 Jul 08; 118(2):198-210. Grinspoon SK, Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Currier JS, Lundgren JD, Dubé MP, Lipshultz SE, Hsue PY, Squires K, Schambelan M, Wilson PW, Yarasheski KE, Hadigan CM, Stein JH, Eckel RH. PMID: 18566320; PMCID: PMC3642216.
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    111. Association of HIV infection and HIV/HCV coinfection with C-reactive protein levels: the fat redistribution and metabolic change in HIV infection (FRAM) study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Jun 01; 48(2):142-8. Reingold J, Wanke C, Kotler D, Lewis C, Tracy R, Heymsfield S, Tien P, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Shlipak M. PMID: 18344877; PMCID: PMC2561207.
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    112. Simple anthropometric measures correlate with metabolic risk indicators as strongly as magnetic resonance imaging-measured adipose tissue depots in both HIV-infected and control subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun; 87(6):1809-17. Scherzer R, Shen W, Bacchetti P, Kotler D, Lewis CE, Shlipak MG, Heymsfield SB, Grunfeld C, Study of Fat Redistribution Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 18541572; PMCID: PMC2587301.
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    113. Insulin resistance in HIV infection: drugs, host responses, or restoration to health? Top HIV Med. 2008 Jun-Jul; 16(2):89-93. Grunfeld C. PMID: 18591716.
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    114. HDL and innate immunity: a tale of two apolipoproteins. J Lipid Res. 2008 Aug; 49(8):1605-6. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 18515886.
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    115. Long-term subcutaneous tissue changes among antiretroviral-naive persons initiating stavudine, zidovudine, or abacavir with lamivudine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 May 01; 48(1):53-62. Shlay JC, Sharma S, Peng G, Gibert CL, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18491421.
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    116. The associations of regional adipose tissue with lipid and lipoprotein levels in HIV-infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 May 01; 48(1):44-52. Wohl D, Scherzer R, Heymsfield S, Simberkoff M, Sidney S, Bacchetti P, Grunfeld C, FRAM Study Investigators. PMID: 18360291; PMCID: PMC3156607.
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    117. Association of antiretroviral therapy with fibrinogen levels in HIV-infection. AIDS. 2008 Mar 30; 22(6):707-15. Madden E, Lee G, Kotler DP, Wanke C, Lewis CE, Tracy R, Heymsfield S, Shlipak MG, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18356600; PMCID: PMC3156620.
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    118. HIV therapy, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008 Feb; 10(1):61-70. Pao V, Lee GA, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18366987; PMCID: PMC3166347.
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    119. Illicit drug use and HIV treatment outcomes in a US cohort. AIDS. 2008 Jan 30; 22(3):357-65. Cofrancesco J, Scherzer R, Tien PC, Gibert CL, Southwell H, Sidney S, Dobs A, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18195562; PMCID: PMC3189479.
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    120. Infection and inflammation decrease apolipoprotein M expression. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jul; 199(1):19-26. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Chui LG, Moser A, Khovidhunkit W, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18054359.
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    121. Cystatin C level as a marker of kidney function in human immunodeficiency virus infection: the FRAM study. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Nov 12; 167(20):2213-9. Odden MC, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Szczech LA, Sidney S, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. PMID: 17998494; PMCID: PMC3189482.
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    122. Association of upper trunk and visceral adipose tissue volume with insulin resistance in control and HIV-infected subjects in the FRAM study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Nov 01; 46(3):283-90. Grunfeld C, Rimland D, Gibert CL, Powderly WG, Sidney S, Shlipak MG, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Haffner S, Heymsfield SB. PMID: 18167644; PMCID: PMC3164883.
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    123. Effects of ritonavir and amprenavir on insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers. AIDS. 2007 Oct 18; 21(16):2183-90. Lee GA, Rao M, Mulligan K, Lo JC, Aweeka F, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 18090045; PMCID: PMC3167072.
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    124. Relationship of fat distribution with adipokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jan; 93(1):216-24. Kosmiski LA, Bacchetti P, Kotler DP, Heymsfield SB, Lewis CE, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C. PMID: 17940113; PMCID: PMC2190751.
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    125. Prevalence and factors associated with dry skin in HIV infection: the FRAM study. AIDS. 2007 Oct 01; 21(15):2051-7. Lee D, Benson CA, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C, Scherzer R. PMID: 17885295; PMCID: PMC3166536.
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    126. Recombinant human growth hormone to treat HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome: 12 week induction and 24-week maintenance therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Jul 01; 45(3):286-97. Grunfeld C, Thompson M, Brown SJ, Richmond G, Lee D, Muurahainen N, Kotler DP, Study 24380 Investigators Group. PMID: 17592343.
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    127. Expression of the phospholipid scramblase (PLSCR) gene family during the acute phase response. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Sep; 1771(9):1177-85. Lu B, Sims PJ, Wiedmer T, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 17590392.
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    128. Microalbuminuria in HIV infection. AIDS. 2007 May 11; 21(8):1003-9. Szczech LA, Grunfeld C, Scherzer R, Canchola JA, van der Horst C, Sidney S, Wohl D, Shlipak MG. PMID: 17457094; PMCID: PMC3189480.
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    129. Long-term body composition and metabolic changes in antiretroviral naive persons randomized to protease inhibitor-, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-, or protease inhibitor plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based strategy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Apr 15; 44(5):506-17. Shlay JC, Bartsch G, Peng G, Wang J, Grunfeld C, Gibert CL, Visnegarwala F, Raghavan SS, Xiang Y, Farrough M, Perry HE, Kotler D, El-Sadr WM. PMID: 17325603.
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    130. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 decrease RXRalpha, PPARalpha, PPARgamma, LXRalpha, and the coactivators SRC-1, PGC-1alpha, and PGC-1beta in liver cells. Metabolism. 2007 Feb; 56(2):267-79. Kim MS, Sweeney TR, Shigenaga JK, Chui LG, Moser A, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 17224343; PMCID: PMC2700944.
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    131. Effects of growth hormone on visceral adipose tissue and dyslipidemia in HIV, an erratum. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Nov 01; 43(3):378-80. Kotler DP, Muurahainen N, Grunfeld C, Wanke C, Thompson M, Saag M, Bock D, Simons G, Gertner JM. PMID: 17079997.
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    132. Metabolic Abnormalities Associated with the Use of Protease Inhibitors and Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Am J Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 30; 2(3):159-166. Rao MN, Lee GA, Grunfeld C. PMID: 22162956; PMCID: PMC3233228.
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    133. Single-dose lopinavir-ritonavir acutely inhibits insulin-mediated glucose disposal in healthy volunteers. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 01; 43(5):658-60. Lee GA, Lo JC, Aweeka F, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 16886163; PMCID: PMC3205942.
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    134. Type II nuclear hormone receptors, coactivator, and target gene repression in adipose tissue in the acute-phase response. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct; 47(10):2179-90. Lu B, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 16847310.
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    135. Waist circumference correlates with metabolic syndrome indicators better than percentage fat. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Apr; 14(4):727-36. Shen W, Punyanitya M, Chen J, Gallagher D, Albu J, Pi-Sunyer X, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB. PMID: 16741276; PMCID: PMC1894647.
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    136. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding human cardiolipin synthase (hCLS1). J Lipid Res. 2006 Jun; 47(6):1140-5. Lu B, Xu FY, Jiang YJ, Choy PC, Hatch GM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 16547353.
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    137. The study of fat redistribution and metabolic change in HIV infection (FRAM): methods, design, and sample characteristics. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 May 01; 163(9):860-9. Tien PC, Benson C, Zolopa AR, Sidney S, Osmond D, Grunfeld C. PMID: 16524955; PMCID: PMC3170407.
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    138. Oxandrolone in the treatment of HIV-associated weight loss in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Mar; 41(3):304-14. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Dobs A, Glesby M, Bhasin S. PMID: 16540931.
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    139. Decreased nuclear hormone receptor expression in the livers of mice in late pregnancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun; 290(6):E1313-20. Sweeney TR, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 16434558.
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    140. Fish oil for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV infection: fish or foul? Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 15; 41(10):1505-6. Grunfeld C. PMID: 16231264.
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    141. Fat distribution in men with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Oct 01; 40(2):121-31. Bacchetti P, Gripshover B, Grunfeld C, Heymsfield S, McCreath H, Osmond D, Saag M, Scherzer R, Shlipak M, Tien P, Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). PMID: 16186728; PMCID: PMC3166344.
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    142. Sex differences in the associations of HIV disease characteristics and body composition in antiretroviral-naive persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct; 82(4):850-6. Visnegarwala F, Raghavan SS, Mullin CM, Bartsch G, Wang J, Kotler D, Gibert CL, Shlay J, Grunfeld C, Carr A, El-Sadr W. PMID: 16210716.
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    143. Downregulation of liver X receptor-alpha in mouse kidney and HK-2 proximal tubular cells by LPS and cytokines. J Lipid Res. 2005 Nov; 46(11):2377-87. Wang Y, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 16106051.
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    144. Suppression of estrogen-related receptor alpha and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase in the acute-phase response. J Lipid Res. 2005 Oct; 46(10):2282-8. Kim MS, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 16061943.
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    145. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein expression and lipid accumulation are increased during activation of murine macrophages by toll-like receptor agonists. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jun; 25(6):1220-4. Kazemi MR, McDonald CM, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 15705927.
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    146. The effects of HIV protease inhibitors on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2005 Feb; 2(1):39-50. Lee GA, Rao MN, Grunfeld C. PMID: 16091248.
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    147. Body composition and metabolic changes in antiretroviral-naive patients randomized to didanosine and stavudine vs. abacavir and lamivudine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Feb 01; 38(2):147-55. Shlay JC, Visnegarwala F, Bartsch G, Wang J, Peng G, El-Sadr WM, Gibert C, Kotler D, Grunfeld C, Raghavan S, Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). PMID: 15671799.
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    148. Parotid secretory protein is an HDL-associated protein with anticandidal activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 May; 288(5):R1306-15. Khovidhunkit W, Hachem JP, Medzihradszky KF, Duchateau PN, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Movsesyan I, Naya-Vigne J, Kane JP, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15637169.
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    149. The Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2004 Dec; 6(6):471-482. Lee GA, Rao MN, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15538985.
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    150. Indinavir increases glucose production in healthy HIV-negative men. AIDS. 2004 Sep 03; 18(13):1852-4. Schwarz JM, Lee GA, Park S, Noor MA, Lee J, Wen M, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15316349.
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    151. Apolipoproteins A-IV and A-V are acute-phase proteins in mouse HDL. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Sep; 176(1):37-44. Khovidhunkit W, Duchateau PN, Medzihradszky KF, Moser AH, Naya-Vigne J, Shigenaga JK, Kane JP, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 15306172.
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    152. Development of multiple lipomas during treatment with rosiglitazone in a patient with HIV-associated lipoatrophy. AIDS. 2004 Aug 20; 18(12):1742-4. Mafong DD, Lee GA, Yu S, Tien P, Mauro T, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15280791.
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    153. The effects of low-dose growth hormone in HIV-infected men with fat accumulation: a pilot study. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 01; 39(5):732-5. Lo JC, Mulligan K, Noor MA, Lee GA, Schwarz JM, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. PMID: 15356790; PMCID: PMC3170406.
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    154. Suppression of DHEA sulfotransferase (Sult2A1) during the acute-phase response. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Oct; 287(4):E731-8. Kim MS, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 15198932.
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    155. HIV protease inhibitors increase adiponectin levels in HIV-negative men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 May 01; 36(1):645-7. Lee GA, Mafong DD, Noor MA, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15097312.
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    156. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. J Lipid Res. 2004 Jul; 45(7):1169-96. Khovidhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15102878.
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    157. The metabolic effects of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-negative men. AIDS. 2004 Mar 05; 18(4):641-9. Lee GA, Seneviratne T, Noor MA, Lo JC, Schwarz JM, Aweeka FT, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15090769; PMCID: PMC3166345.
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    158. Effects of growth hormone on abnormal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Mar 01; 35(3):239-52. Kotler DP, Muurahainen N, Grunfeld C, Wanke C, Thompson M, Saag M, Bock D, Simons G, Gertner JM, Serostim in Adipose Redistribution Syndrome Study Group. PMID: 15076238.
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    159. What is HIV-associated lipodystrophy? Defining fat distribution changes in HIV infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004 Feb; 17(1):27-32. Tien PC, Grunfeld C. PMID: 15090886.
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    160. Altered expression of nuclear hormone receptors and coactivators in mouse heart during the acute-phase response. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb; 286(2):E201-7. Feingold K, Kim MS, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Grunfeld C. PMID: 14701665.
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    161. Incidence of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in the women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Dec 15; 34(5):461-6. Tien PC, Cole SR, Williams CM, Li R, Justman JE, Cohen MH, Young M, Rubin N, Augenbraun M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 14657755.
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    162. Endotoxin down-regulates ABCG5 and ABCG8 in mouse liver and ABCA1 and ABCG1 in J774 murine macrophages: differential role of LXR. J Lipid Res. 2003 Sep; 44(9):1728-36. Khovidhunkit W, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 12777468.
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    163. Repression of farnesoid X receptor during the acute phase response. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14; 278(11):8988-95. Kim MS, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Feingold K, Grunfeld C. PMID: 12519762.
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    164. Difficulties in understanding the metabolic complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 37 Suppl 2:S43-6. Grunfeld C, Tien P. PMID: 12942373.
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    165. Management of metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection: recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Nov 01; 31(3):257-75. Schambelan M, Benson CA, Carr A, Currier JS, Dubé MP, Gerber JG, Grinspoon SK, Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Mulligan K, Powderly WG, Saag MS, International AIDS Society-USA. PMID: 12439201.
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    166. Simvastatin-nelfinavir interaction implicated in rhabdomyolysis and death. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Nov 15; 35(10):e111-2. Hare CB, Vu MP, Grunfeld C, Lampiris HW. PMID: 12410494.
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    167. Sick euthyroid syndrome is associated with decreased TR expression and DNA binding in mouse liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jan; 284(1):E228-36. Beigneux AP, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 12388159.
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    168. Steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: relative contributions of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol. Hepatology. 2002 Sep; 36(3):729-36. Monto A, Alonzo J, Watson JJ, Grunfeld C, Wright TL. PMID: 12198667.
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    169. Altered gene expressions involved in energy expenditure in 5-HT(2C) receptor mutant mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jul 12; 295(2):249-54. Nonogaki K, Memon RA, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR, Tecott LH. PMID: 12150939.
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    170. Leptin and the immunosuppression of malnutrition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul; 87(7):3038-9. Grunfeld C. PMID: 12107197.
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    171. Reduction in cytochrome P-450 enzyme expression is associated with repression of CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) and PXR (pregnane X receptor) in mouse liver during the acute phase response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Apr 26; 293(1):145-9. Beigneux AP, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 12054576.
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    172. HIV protease inhibitors and glucose metabolism. AIDS. 2002 Apr 12; 16(6):925-6. Grunfeld C. PMID: 11919495.
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    173. Indinavir acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. AIDS. 2002 Mar 29; 16(5):F1-8. Noor MA, Seneviratne T, Aweeka FT, Lo JC, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 11964551; PMCID: PMC3166537.
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    174. Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in HIV-infected patients with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb; 87(2):942. Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Lee J, Lo JC, Wen M, Noor MA, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. PMID: 11836345.
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    175. The fatty liver in AIDS. Semin Gastrointest Dis. 2002 Jan; 13(1):47-54. Tien PC, Grunfeld C. PMID: 11944634.
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    176. Leptin regulation of the immune response and the immunodeficiency of malnutrition. FASEB J. 2001 Dec; 15(14):2565-71. Faggioni R, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 11726531.
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    177. Regulation of scavenger receptor class B type I in hamster liver and Hep3B cells by endotoxin and cytokines. J Lipid Res. 2001 Oct; 42(10):1636-44. Khovidhunkit W, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 11590220.
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    178. The effects of recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and glucose metabolism in HIV-infected patients with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Aug; 86(8):3480-7. Lo JC, Mulligan K, Noor MA, Schwarz JM, Halvorsen RA, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. PMID: 11502767.
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    179. In vivo and in vitro regulation of sterol 27-hydroxylase in the liver during the acute phase response. potential role of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 10; 276(32):30118-26. Memon RA, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 11406622.
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    180. Cholesterol efflux by acute-phase high density lipoprotein: role of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. J Lipid Res. 2001 Jun; 42(6):967-75. Khovidhunkit W, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 11369805.
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    181. Metabolic effects of indinavir in healthy HIV-seronegative men. AIDS. 2001 May 04; 15(7):F11-8. Noor MA, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schwarz JM, Halvorsen RA, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 11399973; PMCID: PMC3164882.
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    182. Regulation of sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism in extrahepatic tissues by endotoxin. J Lipid Res. 2001 Mar; 42(3):452-9. Memon RA, Holleran WM, Uchida Y, Moser AH, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 11254758.
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    183. Up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-alpha) and PPAR-gamma messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the liver in murine obesity: troglitazone induces expression of PPAR-gamma-responsive adipose tissue-specific genes in the liver of obese diabetic mice. Endocrinology. 2000 Nov; 141(11):4021-31. Memon RA, Tecott LH, Nonogaki K, Beigneux A, Moser AH, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 11089532.
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    184. Infection and inflammation-induced proatherogenic changes of lipoproteins. J Infect Dis. 2000 Jun; 181 Suppl 3:S462-72. Khovidhunkit W, Memon RA, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 10839741.
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    185. Infection and inflammation induce LDL oxidation in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Jun; 20(6):1536-42. Memon RA, Staprans I, Noor M, Holleran WM, Uchida Y, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 10845869.
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    186. The acute phase response is associated with retinoid X receptor repression in rodent liver. J Biol Chem. 2000 May 26; 275(21):16390-9. Beigneux AP, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 10747970.
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    187. Reduced leptin levels in starvation increase susceptibility to endotoxic shock. Am J Pathol. 2000 May; 156(5):1781-7. Faggioni R, Moser A, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 10793089; PMCID: PMC1876910.
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    188. Oxidized cholesterol in the diet accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor- and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Mar; 20(3):708-14. Staprans I, Pan XM, Rapp JH, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 10712395.
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    189. Leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice are protected from T cell-mediated hepatotoxicity: role of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-18. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 29; 97(5):2367-72. Faggioni R, Jones-Carson J, Reed DA, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C, Fantuzzi G. PMID: 10681432; PMCID: PMC15807.
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    190. Upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 mRNA in genetic obesity: lack of an essential role for leptin, hyperphagia, increased tissue lipid content, and TNF-alpha. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Feb 24; 1484(1):41-50. Memon RA, Hotamisligil GS, Wiesbrock SM, Uysal KT, Faggioni R, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 10685029.
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    191. Hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance are induced by protease inhibitors independent of changes in body composition in patients with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000 Jan 01; 23(1):35-43. Mulligan K, Grunfeld C, Tai VW, Algren H, Pang M, Chernoff DN, Lo JC, Schambelan M. PMID: 10708054.
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    192. Plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Metabolism. 1999 Dec; 48(12):1524-31. Khovidhunkit W, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Pang M, Schambelan M, Mulligan K, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 10599983.
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    193. Down-regulation of liver and heart specific fatty acid binding proteins by endotoxin and cytokines in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Aug 25; 1440(1):118-26. Memon RA, Bass NM, Moser AH, Fuller J, Appel R, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 10477831.
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    194. Regulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism in liver during the acute phase response. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 09; 274(28):19707-13. Memon RA, Holleran WM, Uchida Y, Moser AH, Ichikawa S, Hirabayashi Y, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 10391911.
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    195. In vivo regulation of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase during the acute phase response. Am J Physiol. 1999 07; 277(1):R94-103. Memon RA, Fuller J, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 10409262.
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    196. Cloning of murine translation initiation factor 6 and functional analysis of the homologous sequence YPR016c in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 23; 274(17):11653-9. Wood LC, Ashby MN, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 10206977.
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    197. Lipoproteins inhibit macrophage activation by lipoteichoic acid. J Lipid Res. 1999 Feb; 40(2):245-52. Grunfeld C, Marshall M, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Tobias P, Feingold KR. PMID: 9925653.
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    198. Endotoxin and interleukin-1 decrease hepatic lipase mRNA levels. Atherosclerosis. 1999 Feb; 142(2):379-87. Feingold KR, Memon RA, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. PMID: 10030389.
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    199. Leptin deficiency enhances sensitivity to endotoxin-induced lethality. Am J Physiol. 1999 01; 276(1):R136-42. Faggioni R, Fantuzzi G, Gabay C, Moser A, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9887187.
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    200. Regulation of putative fatty acid transporters and Acyl-CoA synthetase in liver and adipose tissue in ob/ob mice. Diabetes. 1999 Jan; 48(1):121-7. Memon RA, Fuller J, Moser AH, Smith PJ, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 9892232.
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    201. Expression and regulation of mRNA for putative fatty acid transport related proteins and fatty acyl CoA synthase in murine epidermis and cultured human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Nov; 111(5):722-6. Harris IR, Farrell AM, Memon RA, Grunfeld C, Elias PM, Feingold KR. PMID: 9804328.
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    202. Paraoxonase activity in the serum and hepatic mRNA levels decrease during the acute phase response. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Aug; 139(2):307-15. Feingold KR, Memon RA, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9712337.
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    203. Endotoxin and cytokines increase hepatic sphingolipid biosynthesis and produce lipoproteins enriched in ceramides and sphingomyelin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998 Aug; 18(8):1257-65. Memon RA, Holleran WM, Moser AH, Seki T, Uchida Y, Fuller J, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 9714132.
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    204. In vivo regulation of acyl-CoA synthetase mRNA and activity by endotoxin and cytokines. Am J Physiol. 1998 07; 275(1):E64-72. Memon RA, Fuller J, Moser AH, Smith PJ, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9688875.
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    205. Regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA expression by endotoxin and cytokines. J Lipid Res. 1998 Jun; 39(6):1220-30. Navasa M, Gordon DA, Hariharan N, Jamil H, Shigenaga JK, Moser A, Fiers W, Pollock A, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 9643353.
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    206. Induction of UCP2 gene expression by LPS: a potential mechanism for increased thermogenesis during infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Mar 06; 244(1):75-8. Faggioni R, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9514886.
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    207. Parallel regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 and the enzymes of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis but not ceramide synthesis in cultured human keratinocytes and murine epidermis. J Lipid Res. 1998 Feb; 39(2):412-22. Harris IR, Farrell AM, Holleran WM, Jackson S, Grunfeld C, Elias PM, Feingold KR. PMID: 9508001.
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    208. Regulation of fatty acid transport protein and fatty acid translocase mRNA levels by endotoxin and cytokines. Am J Physiol. 1998 02; 274(2):E210-7. Memon RA, Feingold KR, Moser AH, Fuller J, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9486149.
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    209. IL-1 beta mediates leptin induction during inflammation. Am J Physiol. 1998 01; 274(1):R204-8. Faggioni R, Fantuzzi G, Fuller J, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9458919.
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    210. Beneficial effects of cytokine induced hyperlipidemia. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1998; 37 Suppl 1:66-74. Feingold KR, Hardardóttir I, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9558731.
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    211. Permeability barrier disruption coordinately regulates mRNA levels for key enzymes of cholesterol, fatty acid, and ceramide synthesis in the epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 1997 Dec; 109(6):783-7. Harris IR, Farrell AM, Grunfeld C, Holleran WM, Elias PM, Feingold KR. PMID: 9406821.
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    212. Lipoproteins: are they important components of host defense? Hepatology. 1997 Dec; 26(6):1685-6. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9398019.
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    213. Abnormalities of apolipoprotein E in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Nov; 82(11):3734-40. Grunfeld C, Doerrler W, Pang M, Jensen P, Weisgraber KH, Feingold KR. PMID: 9360533.
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    214. Endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1 decrease hepatic squalene synthase activity, protein, and mRNA levels in Syrian hamsters. J Lipid Res. 1997 Aug; 38(8):1620-9. Memon RA, Shechter I, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 9300784.
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    215. Barrier disruption increases gene expression of cytokines and the 55 kD TNF receptor in murine skin. Exp Dermatol. 1997 Apr; 6(2):98-104. Wood LC, Stalder AK, Liou A, Campbell IL, Grunfeld C, Elias PM, Feingold KR. PMID: 9209892.
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    216. Serum leptin levels in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Dec; 81(12):4342-6. Grunfeld C, Pang M, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Lallone R, Friedman J, Feingold KR. PMID: 8954039.
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    217. Recombinant human growth hormone in patients with HIV-associated wasting. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Serostim Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 01; 125(11):873-82. Schambelan M, Mulligan K, Grunfeld C, Daar ES, LaMarca A, Kotler DP, Wang J, Bozzette SA, Breitmeyer JB. PMID: 8967667.
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    218. Endocrine and metabolic disturbances in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Endocr Rev. 1996 Oct; 17(5):518-32. Sellmeyer DE, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8897023.
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    219. LIF and CNTF, which share the gp130 transduction system, stimulate hepatic lipid metabolism in rats. Am J Physiol. 1996 Sep; 271(3 Pt 1):E521-8. Nonogaki K, Pan XM, Moser AH, Shigenaga J, Staprans I, Sakamoto N, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 8843746.
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    220. Soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan purified from Candida albicans: biologic effects and distribution in blood and organs in rabbits. J Lab Clin Med. 1996 Jul; 128(1):103-14. Yoshida M, Roth RI, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR, Levin J. PMID: 8759942.
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    221. Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters. J Clin Invest. 1996 May 01; 97(9):2152-7. Grunfeld C, Zhao C, Fuller J, Pollack A, Moser A, Friedman J, Feingold KR. PMID: 8621806; PMCID: PMC507291.
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    222. Growth hormone replacement in healthy older men improves body composition but not functional ability. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Apr 15; 124(8):708-16. Papadakis MA, Grady D, Black D, Tierney MJ, Gooding GA, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8633830.
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    223. Barrier disruption stimulates interleukin-1 alpha expression and release from a pre-formed pool in murine epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 1996 Mar; 106(3):397-403. Wood LC, Elias PM, Calhoun C, Tsai JC, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 8648167.
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    224. Beta-nerve growth factor as a mediator of the acute phase response in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Feb 27; 219(3):956-61. Nonogaki K, Moser AH, Shigenaga J, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8645286.
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    225. Endotoxin, TNF, and IL-1 decrease cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels and activity. J Lipid Res. 1996 Feb; 37(2):223-8. Feingold KR, Spady DK, Pollock AS, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 9026521.
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    226. Regulation of lipid metabolism by cytokines during host defense. Nutrition. 1996 Jan; 12(1 Suppl):S24-6. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 8850215.
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    227. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and functional status in healthy older men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995 Dec; 43(12):1350-5. Papadakis MA, Grady D, Tierney MJ, Black D, Wells L, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7490385.
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    228. Effects of endotoxin on lipid metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans. 1995 Nov; 23(4):1013-8. Hardardóttir I, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 8654672.
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    229. Keratinocyte growth factor increases fatty acid mobilization and hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats. Endocrinology. 1995 Oct; 136(10):4278-84. Nonogaki K, Pan XM, Moser AH, Staprans I, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7664645.
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    230. Lipoteichoic acid stimulates lipolysis and hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats in vivo. J Lipid Res. 1995 Sep; 36(9):1987-95. Nonogaki K, Moser AH, Pan XM, Staprans I, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 8558086.
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    231. Endotoxin induces parathyroid hormone-related protein gene expression in splenic stromal and smooth muscle cells, not in splenic lymphocytes. Endocrinology. 1995 Aug; 136(8):3412-21. Funk JL, Lausier J, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Huling S, Nissenson RA, Strewler GJ, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 7628377.
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    232. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins prevent septic death in rats. J Exp Med. 1995 Jul 01; 182(1):267-72. Read TE, Grunfeld C, Kumwenda ZL, Calhoun MC, Kane JP, Feingold KR, Rapp JH. PMID: 7790821; PMCID: PMC2192094.
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    233. Discordant regulation of proteins of cholesterol metabolism during the acute phase response. J Lipid Res. 1995 Jul; 36(7):1474-82. Feingold KR, Pollock AS, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7595071.
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    234. Endotoxin and TNF lead to reduced plasma LCAT activity and decreased hepatic LCAT mRNA levels in Syrian hamsters. J Lipid Res. 1995 Jun; 36(6):1254-63. Ly H, Francone OL, Fielding CJ, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 7666003.
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    235. State of the art in wasting: an interview with Carl Grunfeld, PhD. Interview by Jeff Getty. BETA. 1995 Jun; 34-7. Grunfeld C. PMID: 11362544.
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    236. Role for circulating lipoproteins in protection from endotoxin toxicity. Infect Immun. 1995 May; 63(5):2041-6. Feingold KR, Funk JL, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Rapp JH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7729918; PMCID: PMC173262.
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    237. Interleukin-6 stimulates hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats. Endocrinology. 1995 May; 136(5):2143-9. Nonogaki K, Fuller GM, Fuentes NL, Moser AH, Staprans I, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 7720663.
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    238. Cutaneous permeability barrier disruption increases fatty acid synthetic enzyme activity in the epidermis of hairless mice. J Invest Dermatol. 1995 Mar; 104(3):401-4. Ottey KA, Wood LC, Grunfeld C, Elias PM, Feingold KR. PMID: 7861009.
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    239. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins improve survival when given after endotoxin in rats. Surgery. 1995 Jan; 117(1):62-7. Read TE, Grunfeld C, Kumwenda Z, Calhoun MC, Kane JP, Feingold KR, Rapp JH. PMID: 7809838.
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    240. Occlusion lowers cytokine mRNA levels in essential fatty acid-deficient and normal mouse epidermis, but not after acute barrier disruption. J Invest Dermatol. 1994 Dec; 103(6):834-8. Wood LC, Elias PM, Sequeira-Martin SM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 7798624.
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    241. Alpha-adrenergic receptors mediate the hypertriglyceridemia induced by endotoxin, but not tumor necrosis factor, in rats. Endocrinology. 1994 Dec; 135(6):2644-50. Nonogaki K, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7988454.
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    242. Effect of endotoxin and cytokines on lipoprotein lipase activity in mice. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Nov; 14(11):1866-72. Feingold KR, Marshall M, Gulli R, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7947614.
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    243. Cytokines induce catabolic effects in cultured adipocytes by multiple mechanisms. Cytokine. 1994 Sep; 6(5):478-84. Doerrler W, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7827285.
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    244. Cytokine regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein messenger ribonucleic acid levels in mouse spleen: paradoxical effects of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4. Endocrinology. 1994 Jul; 135(1):351-8. Funk JL, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Krul EJ, Strewler GJ, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7516868.
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    245. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces changes in lipid metabolism in cultured adipocytes. Endocrinology. 1994 Jul; 135(1):141-7. Marshall MK, Doerrler W, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8013346.
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    246. Diabetes increases hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase protein and mRNA levels in the small intestine. Metabolism. 1994 Apr; 43(4):450-4. Feingold KR, Wilson DE, Wood LC, Kwong LK, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8159102.
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    247. Barrier function coordinately regulates epidermal IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA levels. Exp Dermatol. 1994 Apr; 3(2):56-60. Wood LC, Feingold KR, Sequeira-Martin SM, Elias PM, Grunfeld C. PMID: 7921651.
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    248. Fatty acid synthesis in obese insulin resistant diabetic mice. Horm Metab Res. 1994 Feb; 26(2):85-7. Memon RA, Grunfeld C, Moser AH, Feingold KR. PMID: 8200619.
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    249. Permeability barrier disruption alters the localization and expression of TNF alpha/protein in the epidermis. Arch Dermatol Res. 1994; 286(5):242-8. Tsai JC, Feingold KR, Crumrine D, Wood LC, Grunfeld C, Elias PM. PMID: 8060154.
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    250. The protective effect of serum lipoproteins against bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Eur Heart J. 1993 Dec; 14 Suppl K:125-9. Read TE, Harris HW, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR, Kane JP, Rapp JH. PMID: 8131781.
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    251. Effect of endotoxin on cholesterol biosynthesis and distribution in serum lipoproteins in Syrian hamsters. J Lipid Res. 1993 Dec; 34(12):2147-58. Feingold KR, Hardardottir I, Memon R, Krul EJ, Moser AH, Taylor JM, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8301233.
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    252. Endotoxin increases parathyroid hormone-related protein mRNA levels in mouse spleen. Mediation by tumor necrosis factor. J Clin Invest. 1993 Nov; 92(5):2546-52. Funk JL, Krul EJ, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Strewler GJ, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 8227368; PMCID: PMC288441.
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    253. Anabolic effects of recombinant human growth hormone in patients with wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Oct; 77(4):956-62. Mulligan K, Grunfeld C, Hellerstein MK, Neese RA, Schambelan M. PMID: 8408471.
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    254. Indices of thyroid function and weight loss in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Metabolism. 1993 Oct; 42(10):1270-6. Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Jensen P, Shimizu L, Feingold KR, Cavalieri RR. PMID: 8412739.
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    255. Chylomicrons enhance endotoxin excretion in bile. Infect Immun. 1993 Aug; 61(8):3496-502. Read TE, Harris HW, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR, Calhoun MC, Kane JP, Rapp JH. PMID: 8335381; PMCID: PMC281028.
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    256. The hypertriglyceridemia of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of low density lipoprotein subclass pattern B. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Jun; 76(6):1423-7. Feingold KR, Krauss RM, Pang M, Doerrler W, Jensen P, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8501146.
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    257. Tumor necrosis factor mediates the effects of endotoxin on cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in mice. Endocrinology. 1993 May; 132(5):2246-53. Memon RA, Grunfeld C, Moser AH, Feingold KR. PMID: 8477669.
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    258. Chylomicrons alter the fate of endotoxin, decreasing tumor necrosis factor release and preventing death. J Clin Invest. 1993 Mar; 91(3):1028-34. Harris HW, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR, Read TE, Kane JP, Jones AL, Eichbaum EB, Bland GF, Rapp JH. PMID: 8450032; PMCID: PMC288056.
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    259. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages induces lipid accumulation and foam cell formation. Atherosclerosis. 1993 Jan 04; 98(1):67-82. Funk JL, Feingold KR, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 8457252.
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    260. Endotoxin rapidly induces changes in lipid metabolism that produce hypertriglyceridemia: low doses stimulate hepatic triglyceride production while high doses inhibit clearance. J Lipid Res. 1992 Dec; 33(12):1765-76. Feingold KR, Staprans I, Memon RA, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Doerrler W, Dinarello CA, Grunfeld C. PMID: 1479286.
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    261. LDL subclass phenotypes and triglyceride metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Dec; 12(12):1496-502. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Krauss RM. PMID: 1450181.
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    262. Role of cytokines in inducing hyperlipidemia. Diabetes. 1992 Oct; 41 Suppl 2:97-101. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 1526345.
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    263. In vivo effects of interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma on lipolysis and ketogenesis. Endocrinology. 1992 Oct; 131(4):1695-702. Memon RA, Feingold KR, Moser AH, Doerrler W, Grunfeld C. PMID: 1396316.
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    264. Tissue-specific regulation of insulin receptor mRNA levels in rats with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1992 Sep; 41(9):1113-8. Sechi LA, Griffin CA, Grady EF, Grunfeld C, Kalinyak JE, Schambelan M. PMID: 1386819.
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    265. Differential effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor on ketogenesis. Am J Physiol. 1992 Aug; 263(2 Pt 1):E301-9. Memon RA, Feingold KR, Moser AH, Doerrler W, Adi S, Dinarello CA, Grunfeld C. PMID: 1514611.
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    266. Cutaneous barrier perturbation stimulates cytokine production in the epidermis of mice. J Clin Invest. 1992 Aug; 90(2):482-7. Wood LC, Jackson SM, Elias PM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 1644919; PMCID: PMC443124.
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    267. Metabolic disturbances and wasting in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1992 Jul 30; 327(5):329-37. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 1620172.
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    268. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin, and interferon induced changes in lipid metabolism as part of host defense. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992 Jun; 200(2):224-7. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 1374564.
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    269. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 May; 74(5):1045-52. Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Feingold KR. PMID: 1373735.
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    270. Wasting in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Semin Liver Dis. 1992 May; 12(2):175-87. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP. PMID: 1636120.
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    271. Role for monokines in the metabolic effects of endotoxin. Interferon-gamma restores responsiveness of C3H/HeJ mice in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1992 May; 89(5):1603-9. Adi S, Pollock AS, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. PMID: 1569198; PMCID: PMC443035.
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    272. The role of the cytokines, interferon alpha and tumor necrosis factor in the hypertriglyceridemia and wasting of AIDs. J Nutr. 1992 03; 122(3 Suppl):749-53. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 1542042.
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    273. Resting energy expenditure, caloric intake, and short-term weight change in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Feb; 55(2):455-60. Grunfeld C, Pang M, Shimizu L, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Feingold KR. PMID: 1734684.
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    274. Pathophysiology of the AIDS wasting syndrome. AIDS Clin Rev. 1992; 191-224. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP. PMID: 1606057.
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    275. Regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by cytokines that induce the acute phase response. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 1992; 30(4):201-2. Grunfeld C, Memon RA, Rapp JH, Feingold KR. PMID: 1303901.
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    276. Stimulation of lipolysis in cultured fat cells by tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and the interferons is blocked by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Endocrinology. 1992 Jan; 130(1):10-6. Feingold KR, Doerrler W, Dinarello CA, Fiers W, Grunfeld C. PMID: 1370149.
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    277. Diabetic foot ulcers: etiology, treatment, and prevention. Adv Intern Med. 1992; 37:103-32. Grunfeld C. PMID: 1557993.
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    278. Tumor necrosis factor, cytokines, and the hyperlipidemia of infection. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Nov-Dec; 2(6):213-9. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 18411185.
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    279. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interferon alpha stimulate triglyceride synthesis in HepG2 cells. Metabolism. 1991 Sep; 40(9):894-8. Grunfeld C, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR. PMID: 1654497.
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    280. Interleukin 4 inhibits stimulation of hepatic lipogenesis by tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 but not by interferon-alpha. Cancer Res. 1991 Jun 01; 51(11):2803-7. Grunfeld C, Soued M, Adi S, Moser AH, Fiers W, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR. PMID: 2032220.
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    281. Effect of interleukin-1 on lipid metabolism in the rat. Similarities to and differences from tumor necrosis factor. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 May-Jun; 11(3):495-500. Feingold KR, Soued M, Adi S, Staprans I, Neese R, Shigenaga J, Doerrler W, Moser A, Dinarello CA, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2029492.
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    282. Localization of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated DNA synthesis in the liver. Hepatology. 1991 Apr; 13(4):773-9. Feingold KR, Barker ME, Jones AL, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2010173.
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    283. Neutral lipid storage disease: a possible functional defect in phospholipid- linked triacylglycerol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Feb 22; 1096(2):162-9. Williams ML, Coleman RA, Placezk D, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2001430.
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    284. Circulating interferon-alpha levels and hypertriglyceridemia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1991 Feb; 90(2):154-62. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Shigenaga JK, Doerrler W, Tierney A, Wang J, Pierson RN, Feingold KR. PMID: 1996584.
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    285. The metabolic effects of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines. Biotherapy. 1991; 3(2):143-58. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. PMID: 2054255.
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    286. Tumor necrosis factor-increased hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein production and increased serum triglyceride levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes. 1990 Dec; 39(12):1569-74. Feingold KR, Soued M, Adi S, Staprans I, Shigenaga J, Doerrler W, Moser A, Grunfeld C. PMID: 1978829.
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    287. Small intestinal fatty acid synthesis is increased in diabetic rats. Endocrinology. 1990 Nov; 127(5):2247-52. Feingold KR, Moser A, Adi S, Soued M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2226313.
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    288. Human very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons can protect against endotoxin-induced death in mice. J Clin Invest. 1990 Sep; 86(3):696-702. Harris HW, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR, Rapp JH. PMID: 2394827; PMCID: PMC296783.
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    289. Diet affects the mechanisms by which TNF stimulates hepatic triglyceride production. Am J Physiol. 1990 Aug; 259(2 Pt 1):E177-84. Feingold KR, Adi S, Staprans I, Moser AH, Neese R, Verdier JA, Doerrler W, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2382712.
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    290. Search for mediators of the lipogenic effects of tumor necrosis factor: potential role for interleukin 6. Cancer Res. 1990 Jul 15; 50(14):4233-8. Grunfeld C, Adi S, Soued M, Moser A, Fiers W, Feingold KR. PMID: 2364381.
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    291. Evidence for two classes of cytokines that stimulate hepatic lipogenesis: relationships among tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interferon-alpha. Endocrinology. 1990 Jul; 127(1):46-54. Grunfeld C, Soued M, Adi S, Moser AH, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR. PMID: 1972922.
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    292. The effect of diet on tumor necrosis factor stimulation of hepatic lipogenesis. Metabolism. 1990 Jun; 39(6):623-32. Feingold KR, Soued M, Serio MK, Adi S, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2352479.
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    293. Tumor necrosis factor: immunologic, antitumor, metabolic, and cardiovascular activities. Adv Intern Med. 1990; 35:45-71. Grunfeld C, Palladino MA. PMID: 2405602.
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    294. Multiple cytokines stimulate hepatic lipid synthesis in vivo. Endocrinology. 1989 Jul; 125(1):267-74. Feingold KR, Soued M, Serio MK, Moser AH, Dinarello CA, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2661207.
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    295. Persistence of the hypertriglyceridemic effect of tumor necrosis factor despite development of tachyphylaxis to its anorectic/cachectic effects in rats. Cancer Res. 1989 May 15; 49(10):2554-60. Grunfeld C, Wilking H, Neese R, Gavin LA, Moser AH, Gulli R, Serio MK, Feingold KR. PMID: 2713842.
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    296. Tumor necrosis factor stimulates hepatic lipid synthesis and secretion. Endocrinology. 1989 May; 124(5):2336-42. Feingold KR, Serio MK, Adi S, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2707158.
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    297. Effect of tumor necrosis factor administration in vivo on lipoprotein lipase activity in various tissues of the rat. J Lipid Res. 1989 Apr; 30(4):579-85. Grunfeld C, Gulli R, Moser AH, Gavin LA, Feingold KR. PMID: 2754338.
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    298. Effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on lipid metabolism in the diabetic rat. Evidence that inhibition of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity is not required for TNF-induced hyperlipidemia. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr; 83(4):1116-21. Feingold KR, Soued M, Staprans I, Gavin LA, Donahue ME, Huang BJ, Moser AH, Gulli R, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2703526; PMCID: PMC303797.
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    299. Prevalence of foot pathology and lower extremity complications in a diabetic outpatient clinic. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1989; 26(3):35-44. Holewski JJ, Moss KM, Stess RM, Graf PM, Grunfeld C. PMID: 2666642.
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    300. Hypertriglyceridemia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1989 Jan; 86(1):27-31. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Hamadeh R, Tierney A, Wang J, Pierson RN. PMID: 2910092.
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    301. The acute effects of human growth hormone administration on thyroid function in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Nov; 67(5):1111-4. Grunfeld C, Sherman BM, Cavalieri RR. PMID: 3182961.
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    302. Mechanisms by which tumor necrosis factor stimulates hepatic fatty acid synthesis in vivo. J Lipid Res. 1988 Oct; 29(10):1327-35. Grunfeld C, Verdier JA, Neese R, Moser AH, Feingold KR. PMID: 2906959.
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    303. Tumor necrosis factor stimulates DNA synthesis in the liver of intact rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Jun 16; 153(2):576-82. Feingold KR, Soued M, Grunfeld C. PMID: 3132913.
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    304. Neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis: lipid content and metabolism of fibroblasts. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1988; 11(2):131-43. Williams ML, Monger DJ, Rutherford SL, Hincenbergs M, Rehfeld SJ, Grunfeld C. PMID: 3139924.
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    305. Aesthesiometry: quantification of cutaneous pressure sensation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1988; 25(2):1-10. Holewski JJ, Stess RM, Graf PM, Grunfeld C. PMID: 3361455.
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