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Carl Grunfeld, MD, PhD

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of California San Francisco
DepartmentMedicine
Address111F
Phone415-750-2005
vCardDownload vCard

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs on Metabolism
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK066999Mar 1, 2004 - Jan 31, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection
    NIH/NHLBI R01HL074814Sep 30, 1999 - Aug 31, 2009
    Role: Principal Investigator
    FAT REDISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC CHANGE IN HIV INFECTION
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK057508Sep 30, 1999 - Sep 25, 2003
    Role: Principal Investigator
    ROLE OF SECONDARY ILLNESS IN THE WASTING OF AIDS
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK049448Sep 30, 1994 - Jul 31, 2002
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Connie Wofsy Women's HIV Study
    NIH/NIAID U01AI034989Aug 1, 1993 - Dec 31, 2018
    Role: Co-Investigator
    CYTOKINES AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND WASTING OF AIDS
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK040990Jul 1, 1989 - Jun 30, 1998
    Role: Principal Investigator
    INSULIN RECEPTOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK037102Apr 1, 1986 - Mar 31, 1990
    Role: Principal Investigator
    A Resource for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry
    NIH P41RR000954Jun 1, 1975 - Dec 31, 2014
    Role: Co-Investigator
    General Clinical Research Center
    NIH/NCRR M01RR000083Oct 1, 1974 - Nov 30, 2007
    Role: Co-Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Websites

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Scherzer R, Shah SJ, Secemsky E, Butler J, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG, Hsue PY. Association of Biomarker Clusters With Cardiac Phenotypes and Mortality in Patients With HIV Infection. Circ Heart Fail. 2018 Apr; 11(4):e004312. PMID: 29615435.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Reid M, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, French AL, Huhn GD, Plankey MW, Peters M, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. Contribution of Liver Fibrosis and Microbial Translocation to Immune Activation in Persons Infected With HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus. J Infect Dis. 2018 Mar 28; 217(8):1289-1297. PMID: 29304196.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Chau KH, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Hsue PY, Shlipak MG. CHA2DS2-VASc Score, Warfarin Use, and Risk for Thromboembolic Events Among HIV-Infected Persons With Atrial Fibrillation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 09 01; 76(1):90-97. PMID: 28797024.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Chen R, Scherzer R, Hsue PY, Jotwani V, Estrella MM, Horberg MA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Association of Tenofovir Use With Risk of Incident Heart Failure in HIV-Infected Patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Apr 24; 6(4). PMID: 28438737.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Crane HM, Paramsothy P, Drozd DR, Nance RM, Delaney JA, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Burkholder GA, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Mathews WC, Crane PK, Moore RD, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Hunt PW, Geng E, Hsue P, Rodriguez C, Peter I, Barnes GS, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Crothers K, Feinstein MJ, Grunfeld C, Saag MS, Kitahata MM. Types of Myocardial Infarction Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in the United States. JAMA Cardiol. 2017 Mar 01; 2(3):260-267. PMID: 28052152.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Noorhasan M, Drozd DR, Grunfeld C, Merrill JO, Burkholder GA, Mugavero MJ, Willig JH, Willig AL, Cropsey KL, Mayer KH, Blashill A, Mimiaga M, McCaul ME, Hutton H, Chander G, Mathews WC, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Christopoulos K, Fredericksen RJ, Nance RM, Delaney JC, Crane PK, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Crane HM. Associations Between At-Risk Alcohol Use, Substance Use, and Smoking with Lipohypertrophy and Lipoatrophy Among Patients Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 Feb 16. PMID: 28092168.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Reid M, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, French AL, Plankey MW, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. Higher CD163 levels are associated with insulin resistance in hepatitis C virus-infected and HIV-infected adults. AIDS. 2017 Jan 28; 31(3):385-393. PMID: 28081037.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Scherzer R, Heymsfield SB, Rimland D, Powderly WG, Tien PC, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C. Association of serum albumin and aspartate transaminase with 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection and HIV monoinfection. AIDS. 2017 Jan 02; 31(1):71-79. PMID: 27677166.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Peralta CA, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Estrella MM, Abraham A, Gustafson DR, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Butch AW, Young MA, Bennett MR, Shlipak MG. Association of Kidney Function and Early Kidney Injury With Incident Hypertension in HIV-Infected Women. Hypertension. 2017 02; 69(2):304-313. PMID: 27993956.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Effect of inflammation on HDL structure and function. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016 Oct; 27(5):521-30. PMID: 27495134.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Grunfeld C, Dankner R. Diabetes in HIV-infected persons in Cameroon? Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016 09; 32(6):512-3. PMID: 26936763.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Kohli P, Ganz P, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Hur S, Weigel B, Grunfeld C, Deeks S, Wasserman S, Scott R, Hsue PY. HIV and Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patients Have Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Despite Higher Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9): An Apparent "PCSK9-Lipid Paradox". J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Apr 29; 5(5). PMID: 27130349; PMCID: PMC4889164.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    13. Daubenmier J, Moran PJ, Kristeller J, Acree M, Bacchetti P, Kemeny ME, Dallman M, Lustig RH, Grunfeld C, Nixon DF, Milush JM, Goldman V, Laraia B, Laugero KD, Woodhouse L, Epel ES, Hecht FM. Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Apr; 24(4):794-804. PMID: 26955895; PMCID: PMC4898945 [Available on 04/01/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    14. Tuot DS, Scherzer R, Leong H, Hung AM, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Use of cystatin C to inform metformin eligibility among adult veterans with diabetes. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2016 Mar; 3:1-6. PMID: 28603691.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Swanson S, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Huhn G, French AL, Plankey MW, Grunfeld C, Rosenberg WM, Peters MG, Tien PC. Association of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Liver Fibrosis Severity With the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score. J Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 01; 213(7):1079-86. PMID: 26621911; PMCID: PMC4779303 [Available on 04/01/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    16. Shah S, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Huhn G, French AL, Plankey M, Peters MG, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. Association of HIV, hepatitis C virus and liver fibrosis severity with interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. AIDS. 2015 Jul 17; 29(11):1325-33. PMID: 25870985; PMCID: PMC4478137.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    17. Rao MN, Neylan TC, Grunfeld C, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Schwarz JM. Subchronic sleep restriction causes tissue-specific insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr; 100(4):1664-71. PMID: 25658017; PMCID: PMC4399283.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    18. Wheeler AL, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Schafer AL. Teriparatide treatment of osteoporosis in an HIV-infected man: a case report and literature review. AIDS. 2015 Jan 14; 29(2):245-6. PMID: 25532609; PMCID: PMC4438749.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    19. Zhi D, Shendre A, Scherzer R, Irvin MR, Perry RT, Levy S, Arnett DK, Grunfeld C, Shrestha S. Deep sequencing of RYR3 gene identifies rare and common variants associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in HIV-infected individuals. J Hum Genet. 2015 Feb; 60(2):63-7. PMID: 25500725.
      View in: PubMed
    20. O'Donovan A, Chao LL, Paulson J, Samuelson KW, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. Altered inflammatory activity associated with reduced hippocampal volume and more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms in Gulf War veterans. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015 Jan; 51:557-66. PMID: 25465168; PMCID: PMC4374733.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    21. Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Imboden J, Wu Y, Del Puerto G, Nitta E, Shigenaga J, Schnell Heringer A, Ganz P, Graf J. Depletion of B-cells with rituximab improves endothelial function and reduces inflammation among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Oct 21; 3(5):e001267. PMID: 25336464; PMCID: PMC4323827.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    22. Feingold KR, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. Inflammation stimulates niacin receptor (GPR109A/HCA2) expression in adipose tissue and macrophages. J Lipid Res. 2014 Dec; 55(12):2501-8. PMID: 25320346; PMCID: PMC4242443.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    23. Rao MN, Chau A, Madden E, Inslicht S, Talbot L, Richards A, O'Donovan A, Ruoff L, Grunfeld C, Neylan TC. Hyperinsulinemic response to oral glucose challenge in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014 Nov; 49:171-81. PMID: 25108160; PMCID: PMC4165697.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    24. Lang J, Scherzer R, Tien PC, Parikh CR, Anastos K, Estrella MM, Abraham AG, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Butch AW, Nowicki M, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Serum albumin and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014 Oct; 64(4):584-91. PMID: 25059222; PMCID: PMC4177337.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    25. Scherzer R, Gandhi M, Estrella MM, Tien PC, Deeks SG, Grunfeld C, Peralta CA, Shlipak MG. A chronic kidney disease risk score to determine tenofovir safety in a prospective cohort of HIV-positive male veterans. AIDS. 2014 Jun 01; 28(9):1289-95. PMID: 24922479; PMCID: PMC4188545.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    26. Pulliam L, Calosing C, Sun B, Grunfeld C, Rempel H. Monocyte activation from interferon-a in HIV infection increases acetylated LDL uptake and ROS production. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2014 Oct; 34(10):822-8. PMID: 24731171; PMCID: PMC4186262.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    27. Manenschijn L, Scherzer R, Koper JW, Danoff A, van Rossum EF, Grunfeld C. Association of glucocorticoid receptor haplotypes with body composition and metabolic parameters in HIV-infected patients from the FRAM study. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Mar; 24(3):156-61. PMID: 24418810.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Wheeler AL, Scherzer R, Lee D, Delaney JA, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Sidney S, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection ameliorates the atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities of HIV infection. AIDS. 2014 Jan 02; 28(1):49-58. PMID: 24136113.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Shrestha S, Irvin MR, Grunfeld C, Arnett DK. HIV, inflammation, and calcium in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014 Feb; 34(2):244-50. PMID: 24265418.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Abraham A, Estrella MM, Bennett M, Devarajan P, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Shlipak MG. Does HIV infection promote early kidney injury in women? Antivir Ther. 2014; 19(1):79-87. PMID: 23970313; PMCID: PMC3933452.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    31. Maguen S, Madden E, Cohen B, Bertenthal D, Neylan T, Talbot L, Grunfeld C, Seal K. The relationship between body mass index and mental health among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. J Gen Intern Med. 2013 Jul; 28 Suppl 2:S563-70. PMID: 23807066; PMCID: PMC3695271.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    32. Lang J, Scherzer R, Weekley CC, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Serum albumin and short-term risk for mortality and cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected veterans. AIDS. 2013 May 15; 27(8):1339-43. PMID: 23343914; PMCID: PMC4026018.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    33. Parikh RV, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Nitta EM, Leone A, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Ganz P, Hsue PY. Elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine are associated with lower CD4+ count and higher viral load in HIV-infected individuals. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Jul; 229(1):246-52. PMID: 23711612.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Hsu JC, Li Y, Marcus GM, Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: incidence, risk factors, and association with markers of HIV disease severity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jun 04; 61(22):2288-95. PMID: 23563125.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Jiang YJ, Kim P, Uchida Y, Elias PM, Bikle DD, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Ceramides stimulate caspase-14 expression in human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol. 2013 Feb; 22(2):113-8. PMID: 23362869; PMCID: PMC4099380.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    36. Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Abraham A, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Peralta CA, Devarajan P, Bennett M, Butch AW, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young MA, Sarnak MJ, Parikh CR. Urinary markers of kidney injury and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Dec 15; 61(5):565-73. PMID: 23023103; PMCID: PMC3509242.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    37. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Lipids: a key player in the battle between the host and microorganisms. J Lipid Res. 2012 Dec; 53(12):2487-9. PMID: 23075464; PMCID: PMC3494250.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    38. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Kazemi MR, McDonald CM, Patzek SM, Cross AS, Moser A, Grunfeld C. Mechanisms of triglyceride accumulation in activated macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 2012 Oct; 92(4):829-39. PMID: 22753953; PMCID: PMC3441312.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    39. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Psoriasis: it's more than just the skin. J Lipid Res. 2012 Aug; 53(8):1427-9. PMID: 22685321; PMCID: PMC3540839.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    40. Scherzer R, Estrella M, Li Y, Choi AI, Deeks SG, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Association of tenofovir exposure with kidney disease risk in HIV infection. AIDS. 2012 Apr 24; 26(7):867-75. PMID: 22313955; PMCID: PMC3736566.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    41. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Cross AS, Moser A, Grunfeld C. Angiopoietin like protein 4 expression is decreased in activated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 May 11; 421(3):612-5. PMID: 22538368.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C, Heuer JG, Gupta A, Cramer M, Zhang T, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Chan ZW, Moser A, Bina H, Kharitonenkov A. FGF21 is increased by inflammatory stimuli and protects leptin-deficient ob/ob mice from the toxicity of sepsis. Endocrinology. 2012 Jun; 153(6):2689-700. PMID: 22474187; PMCID: PMC3359613.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    43. Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Nordstrom SM, Schnell A, Kohl LP, Nitta E, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Weiss EJ. HIV infection is associated with decreased thrombin generation. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr; 54(8):1196-203. PMID: 22438347; PMCID: PMC3309887.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    44. Li Y, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C, Choi AI. Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury in HIV Infection. Am J Nephrol. 2012; 35(4):327-34. PMID: 22456100; PMCID: PMC3362304.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    45. Shen W, Scherzer R, Gantz M, Chen J, Punyanitya M, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C. Relationship between MRI-measured bone marrow adipose tissue and hip and spine bone mineral density in African-American and Caucasian participants: the CARDIA study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Apr; 97(4):1337-46. PMID: 22319043; PMCID: PMC3319176.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    46. Jotwani V, Li Y, Grunfeld C, Choi AI, Shlipak MG. Risk factors for ESRD in HIV-infected individuals: traditional and HIV-related factors. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 May; 59(5):628-35. PMID: 22206742; PMCID: PMC3324595.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    47. Irvin MR, Shrestha S, Chen YD, Wiener HW, Haritunians T, Vaughan LK, Tiwari HK, Taylor KD, Scherzer R, Saag MS, Grunfeld C, Rotter JI, Arnett DK. Genes linked to energy metabolism and immunoregulatory mechanisms are associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in HIV-infected men. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Dec; 21(12):798-807. PMID: 21897333; PMCID: PMC3210910.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    48. Eastburn A, Scherzer R, Zolopa AR, Benson C, Tracy R, Do T, Bacchetti P, Shlipak M, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. Association of low level viremia with inflammation and mortality in HIV-infected adults. PLoS One. 2011; 6(11):e26320. PMID: 22073156; PMCID: PMC3206804.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    49. Kosmiski LA, Scherzer R, Heymsfield SB, Rimland D, Simberkoff MS, Sidney S, Shlipak MG, Bacchetti P, Biggs ML, Grunfeld C. Association of increased upper trunk and decreased leg fat with 2-h glucose in control and HIV-infected persons. Diabetes Care. 2011 Nov; 34(11):2448-53. PMID: 21926283; PMCID: PMC3198295.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    50. Scherzer R, Heymsfield SB, Lee D, Powderly WG, Tien PC, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C. Decreased limb muscle and increased central adiposity are associated with 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV infection. AIDS. 2011 Jul 17; 25(11):1405-14. PMID: 21572308; PMCID: PMC3933309.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    51. Feingold KR, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. Inflammation inhibits GPR81 expression in adipose tissue. Inflamm Res. 2011 Oct; 60(10):991-5. PMID: 21751047.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Lake JE, Wohl D, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Tien PC, Sidney S, Currier JS. Regional fat deposition and cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: the FRAM study. AIDS Care. 2011 Aug; 23(8):929-38. PMID: 21767228; PMCID: PMC3249238.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    53. Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Choi A, Szczech L, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak M. Reduced kidney function and preclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals: the study of fat redistribution and metabolic change in HIV infection (FRAM). Am J Nephrol. 2011; 33(5):453-60. PMID: 21508633; PMCID: PMC3100378.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    54. Feingold KR, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. Inflammation inhibits the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in liver and adipose tissue. Innate Immun. 2012 Apr; 18(2):231-40. PMID: 21450790.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Rooney T, Scherzer R, Shigenaga JK, Graf J, Imboden JB, Grunfeld C. Levels of plasma fibrinogen are elevated in well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011 Aug; 50(8):1458-65. PMID: 21441551.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Yarasheski KE, Scherzer R, Kotler DP, Dobs AS, Tien PC, Lewis CE, Kronmal RA, Heymsfield SB, Bacchetti P, Grunfeld C. Age-related skeletal muscle decline is similar in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Mar; 66(3):332-40. PMID: 21310810; PMCID: PMC3041474.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    57. Shlipak MG, Li Y, Fox C, Coresh J, Grunfeld C, Whooley M. Uromodulin concentrations are not associated with incident CKD among persons with coronary artery disease. BMC Nephrol. 2011 Jan 14; 12:2. PMID: 21235779; PMCID: PMC3031204.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    58. Crane HM, Grunfeld C, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Van Rompaey S, Moore R, Rodriguez B, Feldman BJ, Lederman MM, Saag MS, Kitahata MM. Impact of NRTIs on lipid levels among a large HIV-infected cohort initiating antiretroviral therapy in clinical care. AIDS. 2011 Jan 14; 25(2):185-95. PMID: 21150555.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Tien PC, Choi AI, Zolopa AR, Benson C, Tracy R, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Shlipak M, Grunfeld C. Inflammation and mortality in HIV-infected adults: analysis of the FRAM study cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Nov; 55(3):316-22. PMID: 20581689; PMCID: PMC2955817.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    60. Taylor SA, Lee GA, Pao VY, Anthonypillai J, Aweeka FT, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Boosting dose ritonavir does not alter peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy HIV-seronegative volunteers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Nov; 55(3):361-4. PMID: 20595906; PMCID: PMC3164483.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    61. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. The role of HDL in innate immunity. J Lipid Res. 2011 Jan; 52(1):1-3. PMID: 20944062; PMCID: PMC2999920.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    62. Delaney JA, Scherzer R, Biggs ML, Shliplak MG, Polak JF, Currier JS, Kronmal RA, Wanke C, Bacchetti P, O'leary D, Tien PC, Grunfeld C. Associations of antiretroviral drug use and HIV-specific risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness. AIDS. 2010 Sep 10; 24(14):2201-9. PMID: 20671544; PMCID: PMC3224487.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    63. Lu B, Jiang YJ, Kim P, Moser A, Elias PM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Expression and regulation of GPAT isoforms in cultured human keratinocytes and rodent epidermis. J Lipid Res. 2010 Nov; 51(11):3207-16. PMID: 20719759; PMCID: PMC2952561.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    64. Choi A, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Tien PC, Saag MS, Gibert CL, Szczech LA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Cystatin C, albuminuria, and 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV-infected persons. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Nov; 56(5):872-82. PMID: 20709438; PMCID: PMC3164880.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    65. Grunfeld C. Dyslipidemia and its Treatment in HIV Infection. Top HIV Med. 2010 Aug-Sep; 18(3):112-8. PMID: 20921577; PMCID: PMC3189481.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    66. Grunfeld C, Saag M, Cofrancesco J, Lewis CE, Kronmal R, Heymsfield S, Tien PC, Bacchetti P, Shlipak M, Scherzer R. Regional adipose tissue measured by MRI over 5 years in HIV-infected and control participants indicates persistence of HIV-associated lipoatrophy. AIDS. 2010 Jul 17; 24(11):1717-26. PMID: 20502316; PMCID: PMC3309711.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    67. Rao MN, Mulligan K, Tai V, Wen MJ, Dyachenko A, Weinberg M, Li X, Lang T, Grunfeld C, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M. Effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF-binding protein-3 treatment on glucose metabolism and fat distribution in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Sep; 95(9):4361-6. PMID: 20610601; PMCID: PMC2936071.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    68. Scherzer R, Shen W, Heymsfield SB, Lewis CE, Kotler DP, Punyanitya M, Bacchetti P, Shlipak MG, Grunfeld C. Intermuscular adipose tissue and metabolic associations in HIV infection. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Feb; 19(2):283-91. PMID: 20539305; PMCID: PMC3731045.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    69. Delaney JA, Scherzer R, Polak J, Biggs ML, Kronmal R, Chen H, Sidney S, Grunfeld C. Effect of inter-reader variability on outcomes in studies using carotid intima media thickness quantified by carotid ultrasonography. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010 Jun; 25(6):385-92. PMID: 20309612; PMCID: PMC3161119.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    70. Shrestha S, Irvin MR, Taylor KD, Wiener HW, Pajewski NM, Haritunians T, Delaney JA, Schambelan M, Polak JF, Arnett DK, Chen YD, Grunfeld C. A genome-wide association study of carotid atherosclerosis in HIV-infected men. AIDS. 2010 Feb 20; 24(4):583-92. PMID: 20009918; PMCID: PMC3072760.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    71. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Chui LG, Moser A, Grunfeld C. Endotoxin, zymosan, and cytokines decrease the expression of the transcription factor, carbohydrate response element binding protein, and its target genes. Innate Immun. 2011 Apr; 17(2):174-82. PMID: 20100709.
      View in: PubMed
    72. Choi AI, Li Y, Deeks SG, Grunfeld C, Volberding PA, Shlipak MG. Association between kidney function and albuminuria with cardiovascular events in HIV-infected persons. Circulation. 2010 Feb 09; 121(5):651-8. PMID: 20100969; PMCID: PMC2829672.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    73. Grunfeld C, Scherzer R, Varosy PD, Ambarish G, Nasir K, Budoff M. Relation of coronary artery plaque location to extent of coronary artery disease studied by computed tomographic angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2010 Jan-Feb; 4(1):19-26. PMID: 20159623.
      View in: PubMed
    74. Pao VY, Lee GA, Taylor S, Aweeka FT, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. The protease inhibitor combination lopinavir/ritonavir does not decrease insulin secretion in healthy, HIV-seronegative volunteers. AIDS. 2010 Jan 16; 24(2):265-70. PMID: 19890203.
      View in: PubMed
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    76. Cockerham L, Scherzer R, Zolopa A, Rimland D, Lewis CE, Bacchetti P, Grunfeld C, Shlipak M, Tien PC. Association of HIV infection, demographic and cardiovascular risk factors with all-cause mortality in the recent HAART era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Jan; 53(1):102-6. PMID: 19738484; PMCID: PMC2799541.
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    77. Lu B, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. The acute phase response stimulates the expression of angiopoietin like protein 4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jan 22; 391(4):1737-41. PMID: 20043872.
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    78. Lee GA, Schwarz JM, Patzek S, Kim S, Dyachenko A, Wen M, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. The acute effects of HIV protease inhibitors on insulin suppression of glucose production in healthy HIV-negative men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Oct 01; 52(2):246-8. PMID: 19680131; PMCID: PMC3164488.
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    79. Grunfeld C, Delaney JA, Wanke C, Currier JS, Scherzer R, Biggs ML, Tien PC, Shlipak MG, Sidney S, Polak JF, O'Leary D, Bacchetti P, Kronmal RA. Preclinical atherosclerosis due to HIV infection: carotid intima-medial thickness measurements from the FRAM study. AIDS. 2009 Sep 10; 23(14):1841-9. PMID: 19455012; PMCID: PMC3156613.
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    80. Feingold KR, Kazemi MR, Magra AL, McDonald CM, Chui LG, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Chan ZW, Londos C, Grunfeld C. ADRP/ADFP and Mal1 expression are increased in macrophages treated with TLR agonists. Atherosclerosis. 2010 Mar; 209(1):81-8. PMID: 19748622.
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    81. Graf J, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Imboden J. Levels of C-reactive protein associated with high and very high cardiovascular risk are prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 16; 4(7):e6242. PMID: 19606218; PMCID: PMC2707000.
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    82. Shlay JC, Sharma S, Peng G, Gibert CL, Grunfeld C. The effect of individual antiretroviral drugs on body composition in HIV-infected persons initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Jul 01; 51(3):298-304. PMID: 19412117; PMCID: PMC2745266.
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    83. Longenecker CT, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. HIV viremia and changes in kidney function. AIDS. 2009 Jun 01; 23(9):1089-96. PMID: 19352136; PMCID: PMC3725756.
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    84. Feingold KR, Moser A, Patzek SM, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. Infection decreases fatty acid oxidation and nuclear hormone receptors in the diaphragm. J Lipid Res. 2009 Oct; 50(10):2055-63. PMID: 19443862; PMCID: PMC2739760.
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    85. Jiang YJ, Uchida Y, Lu B, Kim P, Mao C, Akiyama M, Elias PM, Holleran WM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Ceramide stimulates ABCA12 expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {delta} in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 10; 284(28):18942-52. PMID: 19429679; PMCID: PMC2707228.
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    86. Mulligan K, Khatami H, Schwarz JM, Sakkas GK, DePaoli AM, Tai VW, Wen MJ, Lee GA, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. The effects of recombinant human leptin on visceral fat, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipoatrophy and hypoleptinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr; 94(4):1137-44. PMID: 19174500; PMCID: PMC2682465.
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    87. Gibert CL, Shlay JC, Sharma S, Bartsch G, Peng G, Grunfeld C. Racial differences in changes of metabolic parameters and body composition in antiretroviral therapy-naive persons initiating antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Jan 01; 50(1):44-53. PMID: 19295334.
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    88. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Endotoxin in the gut and chylomicrons: translocation or transportation? J Lipid Res. 2009 Jan; 50(1):1-2. PMID: 18957696.
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    89. Lu B, Lu Y, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. LPS and proinflammatory cytokines decrease lipin-1 in mouse adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Dec; 295(6):E1502-9. PMID: 18940942; PMCID: PMC2603550.
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    90. Scherzer R, Shen W, Bacchetti P, Kotler D, Lewis CE, Shlipak MG, Punyanitya M, Heymsfield SB, Grunfeld C. Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging-measured adipose tissue depots in HIV-infected and control subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct; 88(4):1088-96. PMID: 18842798.
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    91. Grunfeld C. Understanding the complications of antiretroviral drugs. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 15; 47(4):575-6. PMID: 18611156; PMCID: PMC3170412.
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    92. Feingold KR, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Patzek SM, Grunfeld C. Inflammation stimulates the expression of PCSK9. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Sep 19; 374(2):341-4. PMID: 18638454; PMCID: PMC2571081.
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    93. Feingold KR, Wang Y, Moser A, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C. LPS decreases fatty acid oxidation and nuclear hormone receptors in the kidney. J Lipid Res. 2008 Oct; 49(10):2179-87. PMID: 18574256; PMCID: PMC2533407.
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    94. Grinspoon SK, Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Currier JS, Lundgren JD, Dubé MP, Lipshultz SE, Hsue PY, Squires K, Schambelan M, Wilson PW, Yarasheski KE, Hadigan CM, Stein JH, Eckel RH. State of the science conference: Initiative to decrease cardiovascular risk and increase quality of care for patients living with HIV/AIDS: executive summary. Circulation. 2008 Jul 08; 118(2):198-210. PMID: 18566320; PMCID: PMC3642216.
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    95. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Arnett DK, Falutz JM, Haffner SM, Hruz P, Masur H, Meigs JB, Mulligan K, Reiss P, Samaras K. Contribution of metabolic and anthropometric abnormalities to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Circulation. 2008 Jul 08; 118(2):e20-8. PMID: 18566314; PMCID: PMC3170411.
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    96. Scherzer R, Shen W, Bacchetti P, Kotler D, Lewis CE, Shlipak MG, Heymsfield SB, Grunfeld C. Simple anthropometric measures correlate with metabolic risk indicators as strongly as magnetic resonance imaging-measured adipose tissue depots in both HIV-infected and control subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun; 87(6):1809-17. PMID: 18541572.
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    97. Grunfeld C. Insulin resistance in HIV infection: drugs, host responses, or restoration to health? Top HIV Med. 2008 Jun-Jul; 16(2):89-93. PMID: 18591716.
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    98. Reingold J, Wanke C, Kotler D, Lewis C, Tracy R, Heymsfield S, Tien P, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Shlipak M. Association of HIV infection and HIV/HCV coinfection with C-reactive protein levels: the fat redistribution and metabolic change in HIV infection (FRAM) study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Jun 01; 48(2):142-8. PMID: 18344877; PMCID: PMC2561207.
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    99. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. HDL and innate immunity: a tale of two apolipoproteins. J Lipid Res. 2008 Aug; 49(8):1605-6. PMID: 18515886.
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    100. Shlay JC, Sharma S, Peng G, Gibert CL, Grunfeld C. Long-term subcutaneous tissue changes among antiretroviral-naive persons initiating stavudine, zidovudine, or abacavir with lamivudine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 May 01; 48(1):53-62. PMID: 18491421.
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    101. Wohl D, Scherzer R, Heymsfield S, Simberkoff M, Sidney S, Bacchetti P, Grunfeld C. The associations of regional adipose tissue with lipid and lipoprotein levels in HIV-infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 May 01; 48(1):44-52. PMID: 18360291; PMCID: PMC3156607.
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    102. Madden E, Lee G, Kotler DP, Wanke C, Lewis CE, Tracy R, Heymsfield S, Shlipak MG, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C. Association of antiretroviral therapy with fibrinogen levels in HIV-infection. AIDS. 2008 Mar 30; 22(6):707-15. PMID: 18356600; PMCID: PMC3156620.
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    103. Pao V, Lee GA, Grunfeld C. HIV therapy, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008 Feb; 10(1):61-70. PMID: 18366987; PMCID: PMC3166347.
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    104. Cofrancesco J, Scherzer R, Tien PC, Gibert CL, Southwell H, Sidney S, Dobs A, Grunfeld C. Illicit drug use and HIV treatment outcomes in a US cohort. AIDS. 2008 Jan 30; 22(3):357-65. PMID: 18195562; PMCID: PMC3189479.
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    105. Feingold KR, Shigenaga JK, Chui LG, Moser A, Khovidhunkit W, Grunfeld C. Infection and inflammation decrease apolipoprotein M expression. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jul; 199(1):19-26. PMID: 18054359.
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    106. Odden MC, Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Szczech LA, Sidney S, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Cystatin C level as a marker of kidney function in human immunodeficiency virus infection: the FRAM study. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Nov 12; 167(20):2213-9. PMID: 17998494; PMCID: PMC3189482.
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    107. Grunfeld C, Rimland D, Gibert CL, Powderly WG, Sidney S, Shlipak MG, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Haffner S, Heymsfield SB. Association of upper trunk and visceral adipose tissue volume with insulin resistance in control and HIV-infected subjects in the FRAM study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Nov 01; 46(3):283-90. PMID: 18167644; PMCID: PMC3164883.
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    108. Lee GA, Rao M, Mulligan K, Lo JC, Aweeka F, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Effects of ritonavir and amprenavir on insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers. AIDS. 2007 Oct 18; 21(16):2183-90. PMID: 18090045; PMCID: PMC3167072.
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    109. Kosmiski LA, Bacchetti P, Kotler DP, Heymsfield SB, Lewis CE, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C. Relationship of fat distribution with adipokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jan; 93(1):216-24. PMID: 17940113; PMCID: PMC2190751.
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    110. Lee D, Benson CA, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C, Scherzer R. Prevalence and factors associated with dry skin in HIV infection: the FRAM study. AIDS. 2007 Oct 01; 21(15):2051-7. PMID: 17885295; PMCID: PMC3166536.
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    111. Grunfeld C, Thompson M, Brown SJ, Richmond G, Lee D, Muurahainen N, Kotler DP. Recombinant human growth hormone to treat HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome: 12 week induction and 24-week maintenance therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Jul 01; 45(3):286-97. PMID: 17592343.
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    112. Lu B, Sims PJ, Wiedmer T, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Expression of the phospholipid scramblase (PLSCR) gene family during the acute phase response. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Sep; 1771(9):1177-85. PMID: 17590392.
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    113. Szczech LA, Grunfeld C, Scherzer R, Canchola JA, van der Horst C, Sidney S, Wohl D, Shlipak MG. Microalbuminuria in HIV infection. AIDS. 2007 May 11; 21(8):1003-9. PMID: 17457094; PMCID: PMC3189480.
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    114. Shlay JC, Bartsch G, Peng G, Wang J, Grunfeld C, Gibert CL, Visnegarwala F, Raghavan SS, Xiang Y, Farrough M, Perry HE, Kotler D, El-Sadr WM. Long-term body composition and metabolic changes in antiretroviral naive persons randomized to protease inhibitor-, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-, or protease inhibitor plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based strategy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Apr 15; 44(5):506-17. PMID: 17325603.
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    115. Kim MS, Sweeney TR, Shigenaga JK, Chui LG, Moser A, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 decrease RXRalpha, PPARalpha, PPARgamma, LXRalpha, and the coactivators SRC-1, PGC-1alpha, and PGC-1beta in liver cells. Metabolism. 2007 Feb; 56(2):267-79. PMID: 17224343; PMCID: PMC2700944.
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    116. Kotler DP, Muurahainen N, Grunfeld C, Wanke C, Thompson M, Saag M, Bock D, Simons G, Gertner JM. Effects of growth hormone on visceral adipose tissue and dyslipidemia in HIV, an erratum. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Nov 01; 43(3):378-80. PMID: 17079997.
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    117. Rao MN, Lee GA, Grunfeld C. Metabolic Abnormalities Associated with the Use of Protease Inhibitors and Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Am J Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 30; 2(3):159-166. PMID: 22162956.
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    118. Lee GA, Lo JC, Aweeka F, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Single-dose lopinavir-ritonavir acutely inhibits insulin-mediated glucose disposal in healthy volunteers. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 01; 43(5):658-60. PMID: 16886163; PMCID: PMC3205942.
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    119. Lu B, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Type II nuclear hormone receptors, coactivator, and target gene repression in adipose tissue in the acute-phase response. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct; 47(10):2179-90. PMID: 16847310.
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    120. Shen W, Punyanitya M, Chen J, Gallagher D, Albu J, Pi-Sunyer X, Lewis CE, Grunfeld C, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB. Waist circumference correlates with metabolic syndrome indicators better than percentage fat. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Apr; 14(4):727-36. PMID: 16741276; PMCID: PMC1894647.
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    121. Lu B, Xu FY, Jiang YJ, Choy PC, Hatch GM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding human cardiolipin synthase (hCLS1). J Lipid Res. 2006 Jun; 47(6):1140-5. PMID: 16547353.
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    122. Tien PC, Benson C, Zolopa AR, Sidney S, Osmond D, Grunfeld C. The study of fat redistribution and metabolic change in HIV infection (FRAM): methods, design, and sample characteristics. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 May 01; 163(9):860-9. PMID: 16524955; PMCID: PMC3170407.
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    123. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Dobs A, Glesby M, Bhasin S. Oxandrolone in the treatment of HIV-associated weight loss in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Mar; 41(3):304-14. PMID: 16540931.
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    124. Sweeney TR, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Decreased nuclear hormone receptor expression in the livers of mice in late pregnancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun; 290(6):E1313-20. PMID: 16434558.
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    125. Grunfeld C. Fish oil for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV infection: fish or foul? Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 15; 41(10):1505-6. PMID: 16231264.
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    126. Bacchetti P, Gripshover B, Grunfeld C, Heymsfield S, McCreath H, Osmond D, Saag M, Scherzer R, Shlipak M, Tien P. Fat distribution in men with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Oct 01; 40(2):121-31. PMID: 16186728; PMCID: PMC3166344.
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    127. Visnegarwala F, Raghavan SS, Mullin CM, Bartsch G, Wang J, Kotler D, Gibert CL, Shlay J, Grunfeld C, Carr A, El-Sadr W. Sex differences in the associations of HIV disease characteristics and body composition in antiretroviral-naive persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct; 82(4):850-6. PMID: 16210716.
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    128. Wang Y, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Downregulation of liver X receptor-alpha in mouse kidney and HK-2 proximal tubular cells by LPS and cytokines. J Lipid Res. 2005 Nov; 46(11):2377-87. PMID: 16106051.
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    129. Kim MS, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Suppression of estrogen-related receptor alpha and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase in the acute-phase response. J Lipid Res. 2005 Oct; 46(10):2282-8. PMID: 16061943.
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    130. Kazemi MR, McDonald CM, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein expression and lipid accumulation are increased during activation of murine macrophages by toll-like receptor agonists. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jun; 25(6):1220-4. PMID: 15705927.
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    131. Lee GA, Rao MN, Grunfeld C. The effects of HIV protease inhibitors on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2005 Feb; 2(1):39-50. PMID: 16091248.
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    132. Shlay JC, Visnegarwala F, Bartsch G, Wang J, Peng G, El-Sadr WM, Gibert C, Kotler D, Grunfeld C, Raghavan S. Body composition and metabolic changes in antiretroviral-naive patients randomized to didanosine and stavudine vs. abacavir and lamivudine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Feb 01; 38(2):147-55. PMID: 15671799.
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    133. Khovidhunkit W, Hachem JP, Medzihradszky KF, Duchateau PN, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Movsesyan I, Naya-Vigne J, Kane JP, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Parotid secretory protein is an HDL-associated protein with anticandidal activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 May; 288(5):R1306-15. PMID: 15637169.
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    134. Lee GA, Rao MN, Grunfeld C. The Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2004 Dec; 6(6):471-482. PMID: 15538985.
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    135. Schwarz JM, Lee GA, Park S, Noor MA, Lee J, Wen M, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Indinavir increases glucose production in healthy HIV-negative men. AIDS. 2004 Sep 03; 18(13):1852-4. PMID: 15316349.
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    136. Khovidhunkit W, Duchateau PN, Medzihradszky KF, Moser AH, Naya-Vigne J, Shigenaga JK, Kane JP, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Apolipoproteins A-IV and A-V are acute-phase proteins in mouse HDL. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Sep; 176(1):37-44. PMID: 15306172.
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    137. Mafong DD, Lee GA, Yu S, Tien P, Mauro T, Grunfeld C. Development of multiple lipomas during treatment with rosiglitazone in a patient with HIV-associated lipoatrophy. AIDS. 2004 Aug 20; 18(12):1742-4. PMID: 15280791.
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    138. Lo JC, Mulligan K, Noor MA, Lee GA, Schwarz JM, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. The effects of low-dose growth hormone in HIV-infected men with fat accumulation: a pilot study. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 01; 39(5):732-5. PMID: 15356790; PMCID: PMC3170406.
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    139. Kim MS, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Suppression of DHEA sulfotransferase (Sult2A1) during the acute-phase response. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Oct; 287(4):E731-8. PMID: 15198932.
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    140. Lee GA, Mafong DD, Noor MA, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. HIV protease inhibitors increase adiponectin levels in HIV-negative men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 May 01; 36(1):645-7. PMID: 15097312.
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    141. Khovidhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. J Lipid Res. 2004 Jul; 45(7):1169-96. PMID: 15102878.
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    142. Lee GA, Seneviratne T, Noor MA, Lo JC, Schwarz JM, Aweeka FT, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. The metabolic effects of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-negative men. AIDS. 2004 Mar 05; 18(4):641-9. PMID: 15090769; PMCID: PMC3166345.
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    143. Kotler DP, Muurahainen N, Grunfeld C, Wanke C, Thompson M, Saag M, Bock D, Simons G, Gertner JM. Effects of growth hormone on abnormal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Mar 01; 35(3):239-52. PMID: 15076238.
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    144. Feingold K, Kim MS, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Grunfeld C. Altered expression of nuclear hormone receptors and coactivators in mouse heart during the acute-phase response. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb; 286(2):E201-7. PMID: 14701665.
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    145. Tien PC, Grunfeld C. What is HIV-associated lipodystrophy? Defining fat distribution changes in HIV infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004 Feb; 17(1):27-32. PMID: 15090886.
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    146. Tien PC, Cole SR, Williams CM, Li R, Justman JE, Cohen MH, Young M, Rubin N, Augenbraun M, Grunfeld C. Incidence of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in the women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Dec 15; 34(5):461-6. PMID: 14657755.
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    147. Khovidhunkit W, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Endotoxin down-regulates ABCG5 and ABCG8 in mouse liver and ABCA1 and ABCG1 in J774 murine macrophages: differential role of LXR. J Lipid Res. 2003 Sep; 44(9):1728-36. PMID: 12777468.
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    148. Kim MS, Shigenaga J, Moser A, Feingold K, Grunfeld C. Repression of farnesoid X receptor during the acute phase response. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14; 278(11):8988-95. PMID: 12519762.
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    149. Grunfeld C, Tien P. Difficulties in understanding the metabolic complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 37 Suppl 2:S43-6. PMID: 12942373.
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    150. Schambelan M, Benson CA, Carr A, Currier JS, Dubé MP, Gerber JG, Grinspoon SK, Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Mulligan K, Powderly WG, Saag MS. Management of metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection: recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Nov 01; 31(3):257-75. PMID: 12439201.
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    151. Hare CB, Vu MP, Grunfeld C, Lampiris HW. Simvastatin-nelfinavir interaction implicated in rhabdomyolysis and death. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Nov 15; 35(10):e111-2. PMID: 12410494.
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    152. Beigneux AP, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Sick euthyroid syndrome is associated with decreased TR expression and DNA binding in mouse liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jan; 284(1):E228-36. PMID: 12388159.
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    153. Monto A, Alonzo J, Watson JJ, Grunfeld C, Wright TL. Steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: relative contributions of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol. Hepatology. 2002 Sep; 36(3):729-36. PMID: 12198667.
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    154. Nonogaki K, Memon RA, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR, Tecott LH. Altered gene expressions involved in energy expenditure in 5-HT(2C) receptor mutant mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jul 12; 295(2):249-54. PMID: 12150939.
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    155. Grunfeld C. Leptin and the immunosuppression of malnutrition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul; 87(7):3038-9. PMID: 12107197.
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    156. Beigneux AP, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Reduction in cytochrome P-450 enzyme expression is associated with repression of CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) and PXR (pregnane X receptor) in mouse liver during the acute phase response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Apr 26; 293(1):145-9. PMID: 12054576.
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    157. Grunfeld C. HIV protease inhibitors and glucose metabolism. AIDS. 2002 Apr 12; 16(6):925-6. PMID: 11919495.
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    158. Noor MA, Seneviratne T, Aweeka FT, Lo JC, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Indinavir acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. AIDS. 2002 Mar 29; 16(5):F1-8. PMID: 11964551; PMCID: PMC3166537.
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    159. Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Lee J, Lo JC, Wen M, Noor MA, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in HIV-infected patients with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb; 87(2):942. PMID: 11836345.
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    160. Tien PC, Grunfeld C. The fatty liver in AIDS. Semin Gastrointest Dis. 2002 Jan; 13(1):47-54. PMID: 11944634.
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