Ahmed Abdelhak, MD

Title(s)HS Clinical Instructor, Neurology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address675 Nelson Rising Lane, #260
San Francisco CA 94158
Phone--
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0001-9731-4169 Additional info
vCardDownload vCard

    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Ain Shams University , Cairo, EgyptMD2010Human Medicine
    University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyDoctor of Medicine (PhD equivalent)2017Clinical Neurology
    University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France MS.c2019Neuroscience
    German Medical Board, Stuttgart, Germany German Neurology Board Certification2022Clinical Neurology
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    DoD - USAMRDC2023  - 2024Early Investigator Research Award
    Weill Institute for Neurosciences2021  - 2022Junior Investigator Award - Establishing novel blood-based biomarkers to track MS activity
    ECTRIMS - DGN2016  - 2022Yearly travel grants
    ECTRIMS-ACTRIMS 20232023Best Poster Award

    Collapse Overview 

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Identification of Protein Pathways and Novel Biomarkers in Pre- and Early Clinical MS Individuals with Distinct Patterns of Autoimmunity
    Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs at the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command. Apr 1, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Explorative study of emerging blood biomarkers in progressive multiple sclerosis (EmBioProMS) - Phase 2
    German Multiple Sclerosis Society, German Multiple Sclerosis Trust Jan 1, 2021 - Dec 31, 2023
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Explorative study of emerging blood biomarkers in progressive multiple sclerosis (EmBioProMS):
    German Multiple Sclerosis Society Apr 1, 2018 - Apr 30, 2022
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator

    Collapse Featured Content 
    Collapse Twitter

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders - towards clinical application. Nat Rev Neurol. 2024 Apr 12. Khalil M, Teunissen CE, Lehmann S, Otto M, Piehl F, Ziemssen T, Bittner S, Sormani MP, Gattringer T, Abu-Rumeileh S, Thebault S, Abdelhak A, Green A, Benkert P, Kappos L, Comabella M, Tumani H, Freedman MS, Petzold A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Leppert D, Kuhle J. PMID: 38609644.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    2. Synaptic injury in the inner plexiform layer of the retina is associated with progression in multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep Med. 2024 Mar 26; 101490. Cordano C, Werneburg S, Abdelhak A, Bennett DJ, Beaudry-Richard A, Duncan GJ, Oertel FC, Boscardin WJ, Yiu HH, Jabassini N, Merritt L, Nocera S, Sin JH, Samana IP, Condor Montes SY, Ananth K, Bischof A, UCSF MS EPIC Team, Nourbakhsh B, Hauser SL, Cree BAC, Emery B, Schafer DP, Chan JR, Green AJ. PMID: 38574736.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Scientific commentary on: "Phosphorylated tau in the retina correlates with tau pathology in the brain in Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathies". Acta Neuropathol. 2024 Feb 03; 147(1):30. Oertel FC, Casillas D, Cobigo Y, Condor Montes S, Heuer HW, Chapman M, Beaudry-Richard A, Reinsberg H, Abdelhak A, Cordano C, Boeve BF, Dickerson BC, Grossman M, Huey E, Irwin DJ, Litvan I, Pantelyat A, Tartaglia MC, Vandevrede L, Boxer A, Green AJ. PMID: 38308717; PMCID: PMC10838223.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024 02; 11(2):477-485. Abdelhak A, Antweiler K, Kowarik MC, Senel M, Havla J, Zettl UK, Kleiter I, Skripuletz T, Haarmann A, Stahmann A, Huss A, Gingele S, Krumbholz M, Benkert P, Kuhle J, Friede T, Ludolph AC, Ziemann U, Kümpfel T, Tumani H. PMID: 38111972; PMCID: PMC10863922.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    5. Neurofilament Light Chain Elevation and Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2023 Dec 01; 80(12):1317-1325. Abdelhak A, Benkert P, Schaedelin S, Boscardin WJ, Cordano C, Oechtering J, Ananth K, Granziera C, Melie-Garcia L, Montes SC, Beaudry-Richard A, Achtnichts L, Oertel FC, Lalive PH, Leppert D, Müller S, Henry RG, Pot C, Matthias A, Salmen A, Oksenberg JR, Disanto G, Zecca C, D'Souza M, Du Pasquier R, Bridel C, Gobbi C, Kappos L, Hauser SL, Cree BAC, Kuhle J, Green AJ, UCSF, MS EPIC, and the SMSC Study Teams. PMID: 37930670; PMCID: PMC10628837.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Patient-reported outcome parameters and disability worsening in progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024 Jan; 81:105139. Abdelhak A, Antweiler K, Kowarik MC, Senel M, Havla J, Zettl UK, Kleiter I, Hoshi MM, Skripuletz T, Haarmann A, Stahmann A, Huss A, Gingele S, Krumbholz M, Selge C, Friede T, Ludolph AC, Overell J, Koendgen H, Clinch S, Wang Q, Ziemann U, Hauser SL, Kümpfel T, Green AJ, Tumani H. PMID: 38000130; PMCID: PMC10959125.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Serum biomarker levels predict disability progression in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 08. Fissolo N, Benkert P, Sastre-Garriga J, Mongay-Ochoa N, Vilaseca-Jolonch A, Llufriu S, Blanco Y, Hegen H, Berek K, Perez-Miralles F, Rejdak K, Villar LM, Monreal E, Alvarez-Lafuente R, Soylu OK, Abdelhak A, Bachhuber F, Tumani H, Martínez-Yélamos S, Sánchez-López AJ, García-Merino A, Gutiérrez L, Castillo-Trivino T, Lycke J, Rosenstein I, Furlan R, Filippi M, Téllez N, Ramió-Torrentà L, Lünemann JD, Wiendl H, Eichau S, Khalil M, Kuhle J, Montalban X, Comabella M. PMID: 37940409.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    8. Remyelination protects neurons from DLK-mediated neurodegeneration. bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 12. Duncan GJ, Ingram SD, Emberley K, Hill J, Cordano C, Abdelhak A, McCane M, Jabassini N, Ananth K, Ferrara SJ, Stedelin B, Sivyer B, Aicher SA, Scanlan T, Watkins TA, Mishra A, Nelson J, Green AJ, Emery B. PMID: 37873342; PMCID: PMC10592610.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    9. Serum neurofilament light chain reference database for individual application in paediatric care: a retrospective modelling and validation study. Lancet Neurol. 2023 09; 22(9):826-833. Abdelhak A, Petermeier F, Benkert P, Schädelin S, Oechtering J, Maleska Maceski A, Kabesch M, Geis T, Laub O, Leipold G, Gobbi C, Zecca C, Green A, Tumani H, Willemse E, Wiendl H, Granziera C, Kappos L, Leppert D, Waubant E, Wellmann S, Kuhle J. PMID: 37524100.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    10. Editorial: CSF and blood biomarkers in COVID-19 and other neuroinfectious diseases. Front Neurol. 2023; 14:1239750. Foschi M, Abu-Rumeileh S, Massa F, Cordano C, Abdelhak A. PMID: 37497014; PMCID: PMC10368364.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    11. Challenges and Opportunities for the Promising Biomarker Blood Neurofilament Light Chain. JAMA Neurol. 2023 06 01; 80(6):542-543. Abdelhak A, Kuhle J, Green AJ. PMID: 37010852.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    12. Prognostic performance of blood neurofilament light chain protein in hospitalized COVID-19 patients without major central nervous system manifestations: an individual participant data meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2023 Jul; 270(7):3315-3328. Abdelhak A, Barba L, Romoli M, Benkert P, Conversi F, D'Anna L, Masvekar RR, Bielekova B, Prudencio M, Petrucelli L, Meschia JF, Erben Y, Furlan R, De Lorenzo R, Mandelli A, Sutter R, Hert L, Epple V, Marastoni D, Sellner J, Steinacker P, Aamodt AH, Heggelund L, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Virhammar J, Fällmar D, Rostami E, Kumlien E, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Tumani H, Sacco S, Green AJ, Otto M, Kuhle J, Ornello R, Foschi M, Abu-Rumeileh S. PMID: 37184659; PMCID: PMC10183689.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    13. A Predictive Autoantibody Signature in Multiple Sclerosis. medRxiv. 2023 May 15. Zamecnik CR, Sowa GM, Abdelhak A, Dandekar R, Bair RD, Wade KJ, Bartley CM, Tubati A, Gomez R, Fouassier C, Gerungan C, Alexander J, Wapniarski AE, Loudermilk RP, Eggers EL, Zorn KC, Ananth K, Jabassini N, Mann SA, Ragan NR, Santaniello A, Henry RG, Baranzini SE, Zamvil SS, Bove RM, Guo CY, Gelfand JM, Cuneo R, von Büdingen HC, Oksenberg JR, Cree BA, Hollenbach JA, Green AJ, Hauser SL, Wallin MT, DeRisi JL, Wilson MR. PMID: 37205595; PMCID: PMC10187343.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    14. Visually Evoked Potential as Prognostic Biomarker for Neuroaxonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis From a Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2023 05; 10(3). Oertel FC, Krämer J, Motamedi S, Keihani A, Zimmermann HG, Dimitriou NG, Condor-Montes S, Bereuter C, Cordano C, Abdelhak A, Trip A, Aktas O, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Ruprecht K, Bellmann-Strobl J, Paul F, Petzold A, Brandt AU, Albrecht P, Green AJ. PMID: 36878713; PMCID: PMC10026703.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    15. Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Compared With Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2023 03 01; 80(3):287-297. Meier S, Willemse EAJ, Schaedelin S, Oechtering J, Lorscheider J, Melie-Garcia L, Cagol A, Barakovic M, Galbusera R, Subramaniam S, Barro C, Abdelhak A, Thebault S, Achtnichts L, Lalive P, Müller S, Pot C, Salmen A, Disanto G, Zecca C, D'Souza M, Orleth A, Khalil M, Buchmann A, Du Pasquier R, Yaldizli Ö, Derfuss T, Berger K, Hermesdorf M, Wiendl H, Piehl F, Battaglini M, Fischer U, Kappos L, Gobbi C, Granziera C, Bridel C, Leppert D, Maleska Maceski A, Benkert P, Kuhle J. PMID: 36745446; PMCID: PMC10011932.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    16. The multifaceted role of neurofilament light chain protein in non-primary neurological diseases. Brain. 2023 02 13; 146(2):421-437. Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Foschi M, D'Anna L, Russo M, Steinacker P, Kuhle J, Tumani H, Blennow K, Otto M. PMID: 36083979; PMCID: PMC9494370.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    17. Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Biomarkers in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 4. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 03; 23(21). Kessler C, Ruschil C, Abdelhak A, Wilke C, Maleska A, Kuhle J, Krumbholz M, Kowarik MC, Schüle R. PMID: 36362248; PMCID: PMC9657281.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    18. Differences in Age-related Retinal and Cortical Atrophy Rates in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology. 2022 10 11; 99(15):e1685-e1693. Cordano C, Nourbakhsh B, Yiu HH, Papinutto N, Caverzasi E, Abdelhak A, Oertel FC, Beaudry-Richard A, Santaniello A, Sacco S, Bennett DJ, Gomez A, Sigurdson CJ, Hauser SL, Magliozzi R, Cree BAC, Henry RG, Green AJ. PMID: 36038272; PMCID: PMC9559941.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Association of Serum GFAP with Functional and Neurocognitive Outcome in Sporadic Small Vessel Disease. Biomedicines. 2022 Aug 02; 10(8). Huss A, Abdelhak A, Mayer B, Tumani H, Müller HP, Althaus K, Kassubek J, Otto M, Ludolph AC, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Neugebauer H. PMID: 36009416; PMCID: PMC9405121.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7  
    20. Retinal arteriolar parameters as a surrogate marker of intracranial vascular pathology. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2022; 14(1):e12338. Abdelhak A, Solomon I, Montes SC, Saias A, Cordano C, Asken B, Fonseca C, Oertel FC, Arfanakis K, Staffaroni AM, Kramer JH, Geschwind M, Miller BL, Elahi FM, Green AJ. PMID: 35814617; PMCID: PMC9257197.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    21. Plasma neurofilament light chain levels suggest neuroaxonal stability following therapeutic remyelination in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 16. Abdelhak A, Cordano C, Boscardin WJ, Caverzasi E, Kuhle J, Chan B, Gelfand JM, Yiu HH, Oertel FC, Beaudry-Richard A, Condor Montes S, Oksenberg JR, Lario Lago A, Boxer A, Rojas-Martinez JC, Elahi FM, Chan JR, Green AJ. PMID: 35710320; PMCID: PMC9984688.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    
    22. Reply to "Interpretation of Longitudinal Changes of the Inner Nuclear Layer in MS". Ann Neurol. 2022 07; 92(1):156. Cordano C, Yiu HH, Abdelhak A, Beaudry-Richard A, Oertel FC, Green AJ. PMID: 35403744.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    23. Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2022 03; 18(3):158-172. Abdelhak A, Foschi M, Abu-Rumeileh S, Yue JK, D'Anna L, Huss A, Oeckl P, Ludolph AC, Kuhle J, Petzold A, Manley GT, Green AJ, Otto M, Tumani H. PMID: 35115728.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 115     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    24. Diagnostic and Prognostic Blood Biomarkers in Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke: An Up-To-Date Narrative Review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022 Mar; 31(3):106292. Foschi M, Padroni M, Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Russo M, D'Anna L, Guarino M. PMID: 35026496.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Ongoing challenges in unravelling the association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Brain. 2021 06 22; 144(5):e44. Foschi M, D'Anna L, Abdelhak A, Mayer B, Tumani H, Otto M, Abu-Rumeileh S. PMID: 33822000; PMCID: PMC8083498.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    26. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Relation to MRZ Reaction Status in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Cells. 2020 11 25; 9(12). Robinson T, Abdelhak A, Bose T, Meinl E, Otto M, Zettl UK, Dersch R, Tumani H, Rauer S, Huss A. PMID: 33255854; PMCID: PMC7761295.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    27. Longitudinal Serum Neurofilament Levels of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Before and After Treatment with First-Line Immunomodulatory Therapies. Biomedicines. 2020 Aug 28; 8(9). Huss A, Senel M, Abdelhak A, Mayer B, Kassubek J, Ludolph AC, Otto M, Tumani H. PMID: 32872144; PMCID: PMC7555392.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10  
    28. Guillain-Barré syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: an up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases. J Neurol. 2021 Apr; 268(4):1133-1170. Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Foschi M, Tumani H, Otto M. PMID: 32840686; PMCID: PMC7445716.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 176     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    29. Differential effects of disease modifying drugs on peripheral blood B cell subsets: A cross sectional study in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-β, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod or natalizumab. PLoS One. 2020; 15(7):e0235449. Kemmerer CL, Pernpeintner V, Ruschil C, Abdelhak A, Scholl M, Ziemann U, Krumbholz M, Hemmer B, Kowarik MC. PMID: 32716916; PMCID: PMC7384624.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    30. A Score Based on NfL and Glial Markers May Differentiate Between Relapsing-Remitting and Progressive MS Course. Front Neurol. 2020; 11:608. Huss A, Otto M, Senel M, Ludolph AC, Abdelhak A, Tumani H. PMID: 32765393; PMCID: PMC7378743.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16  
    31. Explorative study of emerging blood biomarkers in progressive multiple sclerosis (EmBioProMS): Design of a prospective observational multicentre pilot study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2020 Jun; 18:100574. Abdelhak A, Huss A, Stahmann A, Senel M, Krumbholz M, Kowarik MC, Havla J, Kümpfel T, Kleiter I, Wüstinger I, Zettl UK, Schwartz M, Roesler R, Friede T, Ludolph AC, Ziemann U, Tumani H. PMID: 32478196; PMCID: PMC7251538.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2  
    32. Optical coherence tomography-based assessment of retinal vascular pathology in cerebral small vessel disease. Neurol Res Pract. 2020; 2:13. Abdelhak A, Huss A, Brück A, Sebert U, Mayer B, Müller HP, Tumani H, Otto M, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J, Pinkhardt E, Neugebauer H. PMID: 33324919; PMCID: PMC7650138.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10  
    33. Author Correction: Serum GFAP as a biomarker for disease severity in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2019 Jun 05; 9(1):8433. Abdelhak A, Huss A, Kassubek J, Tumani H, Otto M. PMID: 31164658; PMCID: PMC6548773.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    34. Glial Activation Markers in CSF and Serum From Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Potential of Serum GFAP as Disease Severity Marker? Front Neurol. 2019; 10:280. Abdelhak A, Hottenrott T, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Suárez-Calvet M, Zettl UK, Haass C, Meuth SG, Rauer S, Otto M, Tumani H, Huss A. PMID: 30972011; PMCID: PMC6443875.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43  
    35. Serum GFAP as a biomarker for disease severity in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2018 10 04; 8(1):14798. Abdelhak A, Huss A, Kassubek J, Tumani H, Otto M. PMID: 30287870; PMCID: PMC6172254.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 89     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Intrathecal immunoglobulin M production: A promising high-risk marker in clinically isolated syndrome patients. Ann Neurol. 2018 05; 83(5):1032-1036. Huss A, Abdelhak A, Halbgebauer S, Mayer B, Senel M, Otto M, Tumani H. PMID: 29665046.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. MOG-IgG in primary and secondary chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a multicenter study of 200 patients and review of the literature. J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Mar 19; 15(1):88. Jarius S, Ruprecht K, Stellmann JP, Huss A, Ayzenberg I, Willing A, Trebst C, Pawlitzki M, Abdelhak A, Grüter T, Leypoldt F, Haas J, Kleiter I, Tumani H, Fechner K, Reindl M, Paul F, Wildemann B. PMID: 29554927; PMCID: PMC5859439.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    38. In vivo assessment of retinal vessel pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol. 2018 Apr; 265(4):949-953. Abdelhak A, Hübers A, Böhm K, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J, Pinkhardt EH. PMID: 29464376.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    39. CSF profile in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Re-exploring the basics. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8):e0182647. Abdelhak A, Hottenrott T, Mayer C, Hintereder G, Zettl UK, Stich O, Tumani H. PMID: 28797088; PMCID: PMC5552348.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Putting Together the Puzzle. Front Neurol. 2017; 8:234. Abdelhak A, Weber MS, Tumani H. PMID: 28620346; PMCID: PMC5449443.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21  
    41. Brain-Specific Cytoskeletal Damage Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Is There a Common Pattern between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis? Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jul 31; 16(8):17565-88. Abdelhak A, Junker A, Brettschneider J, Kassubek J, Ludolph AC, Otto M, Tumani H. PMID: 26263977; PMCID: PMC4581209.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells