Allan Balmain, PhD

Title(s)Professor, HDF Comprehensive Cancer Ctr
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address1450 Third Street, #377
San Francisco CA 94158
Phone415-502-4180
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    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Research in the Balmain laboratory has been focused on developing a deep understanding of how cancers emerge from normal tissues through a series of steps, from the first initiating event in single cells to early stage preneoplasia and then progression to metastasis. In particular, we have sought to investigate how environmental carcinogens, including those that cause mutations and others that act as non-mutagenic tumor promoters, cause the outgrowth of cell clones that ultimately develop into malignancies. In order to address these questions, we generated genetically heterogeneous mouse populations by crossing different strains and species of mice, and exposed them to different mutagens and tumor promoters, to investigate how genes and environmental factors conspire to induce cancer. Our data have led to the identification of the initiating mutation for skin cancers induced by carcinogens, and the stem cells in which these mutations occur. Using lineage tracing of stem cells during multistage carcinogenesis, we have demonstrated that initiation of benign tumor growth, and progression to malignancy are clonal events, i.e. they involve specific changes in single cells. The use of heterogeneous mouse populations that mimic the genetic diversity of humans has allowed us to explore how networks of genes, working together, induce these events. Gene expression network analysis has identified high plasticity cell states that evolve in early stage tumors in response to chronic inflammation induced by tumor promoters, eventually causing leading to progression. Some of these same cell states are induced by treatment of fully malignant tumors with chemotherapeutic agents, possibly providing new routes to development of resistance to therapy. These mouse models have shown that genomic mutations are critical for cancer development from single cells, but emphasize the importance of the process of tumor promotion and chronic tissue damage in causing outgrowth of otherwise latent mutated cells, leading to increased cancer incidence. Whole genome sequencing of tumors induced in mice by known or suspected human carcinogens has shown that perhaps 80% of carcinogens do not act through mutational mechanisms, but are more likely to promote tumor development from cells carrying pre-existing spontaneously arising mutations in normal tissues. Further studies are underway to address the mechanisms by which promoters cause these effects, to identify promoters in the environment, and identify new strategies for cancer prevention based on inhibition of the promotion stage.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Integrating targeted and immunotherapy to treat genetically heterogeneous cancers
    NIH U01CA217864Aug 17, 2017 - Jul 31, 2022
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Systems genetics analysis of tumor evolution in the mouse
    NIH R35CA210018Jun 1, 2017 - May 31, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Oncogenic and Tumor Suppressor Functions of the Kras isoform 4A in vivo
    NIH R01CA184089May 1, 2015 - Apr 30, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Genetic analysis of ras mutation specificity in skin and lung cancer
    NIH R01CA184510Jan 1, 2015 - Dec 31, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Science Leadership and Integration
    NIH U01CA141455Sep 1, 2009 - Aug 31, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Sequenom MassArray System
    NIH S10RR023538Apr 15, 2007 - Apr 14, 2008
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The role of the Kras4A isoform in epithelial carcinogenesis
    NIH R01CA111834Dec 1, 2004 - Jun 30, 2017
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Program Project Grant
    NIH P01AR050440Sep 26, 2003 - Aug 31, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    A Systems Genetics Analysis of Cancer Risk, Progression and Therapeutic Response
    NIH U01CA084244Sep 30, 1999 - Mar 31, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Cancer Center Support Grant
    NIH P30CA082103Aug 5, 1999 - May 31, 2023
    Role: Co-Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    1. A susceptibility gene signature for ERBB2-driven mammary tumour development and metastasis in collaborative cross mice. EBioMedicine. 2024 Aug; 106:105260. Yang H, Wang X, Blanco-Gómez A, He L, García-Sancha N, Corchado-Cobos R, Pérez-Baena MJ, Jiménez-Navas A, Wang P, Inman JL, Snijders AM, Threadgill DW, Balmain A, Chang H, Perez-Losada J, Mao JH. PMID: 39067134; PMCID: PMC11338061.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    2. Stem-cell states converge in multistage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma development. Science. 2024 May 31; 384(6699):eadi7453. Taylor MA, Kandyba E, Halliwill K, Delrosario R, Khoroshkin M, Goodarzi H, Quigley D, Li YR, Wu D, Bollam SR, Mirzoeva OK, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 38815020.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    3. Embracing cancer complexity: Hallmarks of systemic disease. Cell. 2024 Mar 28; 187(7):1589-1616. Swanton C, Bernard E, Abbosh C, André F, Auwerx J, Balmain A, Bar-Sagi D, Bernards R, Bullman S, DeGregori J, Elliott C, Erez A, Evan G, Febbraio MA, Hidalgo A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Joyce JA, Kaiser M, Lamia K, Locasale JW, Loi S, Malanchi I, Merad M, Musgrave K, Patel KJ, Quezada S, Wargo JA, Weeraratna A, White E, Winkler F, Wood JN, Vousden KH, Hanahan D. PMID: 38552609.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Mutations, Bottlenecks, and Clonal Sweeps: How Environmental Carcinogens and Genomic Changes Shape Clonal Evolution during Tumor Progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2024 03 01; 14(3). Reeves MQ, Balmain A. PMID: 38052482; PMCID: PMC10910358.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    5. Gene networks reveal stem-cell state convergence during preneoplasia and progression to malignancy in multistage skin carcinogenesis. bioRxiv. 2023 May 10. Taylor MA, Kandyba E, Halliwill K, Delrosario R, Koroshkin M, Goodarzi H, Quigley D, Li YR, Wu D, Bollam S, Mirzoeva O, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 37215032; PMCID: PMC10197547.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    6. Air pollution's role in the promotion of lung cancer. Nature. 2023 04; 616(7955):35-36. Balmain A. PMID: 37020001.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    7. Peto's paradox revisited: black box vs mechanistic approaches to understanding the roles of mutations and promoting factors in cancer. Eur J Epidemiol. 2023 Dec; 38(12):1251-1258. Balmain A. PMID: 36512199; PMCID: PMC10757908.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Genetic polymorphism in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase chloride transport protein 6 (MTHFR CLCN6) gene is associated with keratinocyte skin cancer in a cohort of renal transplant recipients. Skin Health Dis. 2022 Jun; 2(2):e95. Griffin L, Ho L, Akhurst RJ, Arron ST, Boggs JME, Conlon P, O'Kelly P, Toland AE, Epstein EH, Balmain A, Bastian BC, Moloney FJ, Murphy GM, Laing ME. PMID: 35677930; PMCID: PMC9168012.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    9. Circadian PERformance in breast cancer: a germline and somatic genetic study of PER3VNTR polymorphisms and gene co-expression. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2021 Sep 10; 7(1):118. Fores-Martos J, Cervera-Vidal R, Sierra-Roca J, Lozano-Asencio C, Fedele V, Cornelissen S, Edvarsen H, Tadeo-Cervera I, Eroles P, Lluch A, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Falcó A, Van't Veer LJ, Schmidt M, Quigley DA, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen VN, Balmain A, Climent J. PMID: 34508103; PMCID: PMC8433453.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    10. Targeting KRAS4A splicing through the RBM39/DCAF15 pathway inhibits cancer stem cells. Nat Commun. 2021 07 13; 12(1):4288. Chen WC, To MD, Westcott PMK, Delrosario R, Kim IJ, Philips M, Tran Q, Bollam SR, Goodarzi H, Bayani N, Mirzoeva O, Balmain A. PMID: 34257283; PMCID: PMC8277813.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    11. The critical roles of somatic mutations and environmental tumor-promoting agents in cancer risk. Nat Genet. 2020 11; 52(11):1139-1143. Balmain A. PMID: 33106632; PMCID: PMC8360498.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    12. The mutational signature profile of known and suspected human carcinogens in mice. Nat Genet. 2020 11; 52(11):1189-1197. Riva L, Pandiri AR, Li YR, Droop A, Hewinson J, Quail MA, Iyer V, Shepherd R, Herbert RA, Campbell PJ, Sills RC, Alexandrov LB, Balmain A, Adams DJ. PMID: 32989322; PMCID: PMC7610456.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    13. Integration of multiple biological contexts reveals principles of synthetic lethality that affect reproducibility. Nat Commun. 2020 05 12; 11(1):2375. Ku AA, Hu HM, Zhao X, Shah KN, Kongara S, Wu D, McCormick F, Balmain A, Bandyopadhyay S. PMID: 32398776; PMCID: PMC7217969.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    14. Mutational signatures in tumours induced by high and low energy radiation in Trp53 deficient mice. Nat Commun. 2020 01 20; 11(1):394. Rose Li Y, Halliwill KD, Adams CJ, Iyer V, Riva L, Mamunur R, Jen KY, Del Rosario R, Fredlund E, Hirst G, Alexandrov LB, Adams D, Balmain A. PMID: 31959748; PMCID: PMC6971050.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    15. KRAS4A directly regulates hexokinase 1. Nature. 2019 12; 576(7787):482-486. Amendola CR, Mahaffey JP, Parker SJ, Ahearn IM, Chen WC, Zhou M, Court H, Shi J, Mendoza SL, Morten MJ, Rothenberg E, Gottlieb E, Wadghiri YZ, Possemato R, Hubbard SR, Balmain A, Kimmelman AC, Philips MR. PMID: 31827279; PMCID: PMC6923592.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 101     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    16. Niche-Specific Factors Dynamically Regulate Sebaceous Gland Stem Cells in the Skin. Dev Cell. 2019 11 04; 51(3):326-340.e4. Veniaminova NA, Grachtchouk M, Doane OJ, Peterson JK, Quigley DA, Lull MV, Pyrozhenko DV, Nair RR, Patrick MT, Balmain A, Dlugosz AA, Tsoi LC, Wong SY. PMID: 31564613; PMCID: PMC6832854.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    17. α-PD-1 therapy elevates Treg/Th balance and increases tumor cell pSmad3 that are both targeted by α-TGFβ antibody to promote durable rejection and immunity in squamous cell carcinomas. J Immunother Cancer. 2019 03 04; 7(1):62. Dodagatta-Marri E, Meyer DS, Reeves MQ, Paniagua R, To MD, Binnewies M, Broz ML, Mori H, Wu D, Adoumie M, Del Rosario R, Li O, Buchmann T, Liang B, Malato J, Arce Vargus F, Sheppard D, Hann BC, Mirza A, Quezada SA, Rosenblum MD, Krummel MF, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 30832732; PMCID: PMC6399967.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 99     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    18. A model for RAS mutation patterns in cancers: finding the sweet spot. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018 12; 18(12):767-777. Li S, Balmain A, Counter CM. PMID: 30420765.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 172     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    19. Multicolour lineage tracing reveals clonal dynamics of squamous carcinoma evolution from initiation to metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 2018 06; 20(6):699-709. Reeves MQ, Kandyba E, Harris S, Del Rosario R, Balmain A. PMID: 29802408; PMCID: PMC6400587.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    20. Lgr6 is a stem cell marker in mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Genet. 2017 Nov; 49(11):1624-1632. Huang PY, Kandyba E, Jabouille A, Sjolund J, Kumar A, Halliwill K, McCreery M, DelRosario R, Kang HC, Wong CE, Seibler J, Beuger V, Pellegrino M, Sciambi A, Eastburn DJ, Balmain A. PMID: 28945253; PMCID: PMC5662105.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    21. Age, estrogen, and immune response in breast adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissue. Oncoimmunology. 2017; 6(11):e1356142. Quigley DA, Tahiri A, Lüders T, Riis MH, Balmain A, Børresen-Dale AL, Bukholm I, Kristensen V. PMID: 29147603; PMCID: PMC5674948.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    
    22. Panx3 links body mass index and tumorigenesis in a genetically heterogeneous mouse model of carcinogen-induced cancer. Genome Med. 2016 08 09; 8(1):83. Halliwill KD, Quigley DA, Kang HC, Del Rosario R, Ginzinger D, Balmain A. PMID: 27506198; PMCID: PMC4977876.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    23. Gene Expression Architecture of Mouse Dorsal and Tail Skin Reveals Functional Differences in Inflammation and Cancer. Cell Rep. 2016 07 26; 16(4):1153-1165. Quigley DA, Kandyba E, Huang P, Halliwill KD, Sjölund J, Pelorosso F, Wong CE, Hirst GL, Wu D, Delrosario R, Kumar A, Balmain A. PMID: 27425619; PMCID: PMC5087975.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    24. K-Ras Promotes Tumorigenicity through Suppression of Non-canonical Wnt Signaling. Cell. 2015 Nov 19; 163(5):1237-1251. Wang MT, Holderfield M, Galeas J, Delrosario R, To MD, Balmain A, McCormick F. PMID: 26590425.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 114     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    25. Evolution of metastasis revealed by mutational landscapes of chemically induced skin cancers. Nat Med. 2015 Dec; 21(12):1514-20. McCreery MQ, Halliwill KD, Chin D, Delrosario R, Hirst G, Vuong P, Jen KY, Hewinson J, Adams DJ, Balmain A. PMID: 26523969; PMCID: PMC5094808.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 62     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    26. The Trp53 delta proline (Trp53ΔP) mouse exhibits increased genome instability and susceptibility to radiation-induced, but not spontaneous, tumor development. Mol Carcinog. 2016 09; 55(9):1387-96. Adams CJ, Yu JS, Mao JH, Jen KY, Costes SV, Wade M, Shoemake J, Aina OH, Del Rosario R, Menchavez PT, Cardiff RD, Wahl GM, Balmain A. PMID: 26310697; PMCID: PMC4891300.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    27. Inhibition of KRAS codon 12 mutants using a novel DNA-alkylating pyrrole-imidazole polyamide conjugate. Nat Commun. 2015 Apr 27; 6:6706. Hiraoka K, Inoue T, Taylor RD, Watanabe T, Koshikawa N, Yoda H, Shinohara K, Takatori A, Sugimoto H, Maru Y, Denda T, Fujiwara K, Balmain A, Ozaki T, Bando T, Sugiyama H, Nagase H. PMID: 25913614.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    28. Genetic variation in the functional ENG allele inherited from the non-affected parent associates with presence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 1 (HHT1) and may influence expression of PTPN14. Front Genet. 2015; 6:67. Letteboer TG, Benzinou M, Merrick CB, Quigley DA, Zhau K, Kim IJ, To MD, Jablons DM, van Amstel JK, Westermann CJ, Giraud S, Dupuis-Girod S, Lesca G, Berg JH, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 25815003; PMCID: PMC4357294.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10  
    29. The genetics of splicing in neuroblastoma. Cancer Discov. 2015 Apr; 5(4):380-95. Chen J, Hackett CS, Zhang S, Song YK, Bell RJ, Molinaro AM, Quigley DA, Balmain A, Song JS, Costello JF, Gustafson WC, Van Dyke T, Kwok PY, Khan J, Weiss WA. PMID: 25637275; PMCID: PMC4390477.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    30. The mutational landscapes of genetic and chemical models of Kras-driven lung cancer. Nature. 2015 Jan 22; 517(7535):489-92. Westcott PM, Halliwill KD, To MD, Rashid M, Rust AG, Keane TM, Delrosario R, Jen KY, Gurley KE, Kemp CJ, Fredlund E, Quigley DA, Adams DJ, Balmain A. PMID: 25363767; PMCID: PMC4304785.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 183     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    31. Lymphocyte Invasion in IC10/Basal-Like Breast Tumors Is Associated with Wild-Type TP53. Mol Cancer Res. 2015 Mar; 13(3):493-501. Quigley D, Silwal-Pandit L, Dannenfelser R, Langerød A, Vollan HK, Vaske C, Siegel JU, Troyanskaya O, Chin SF, Caldas C, Balmain A, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen V. PMID: 25351767; PMCID: PMC4465579.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    32. Expression quantitative trait loci and receptor pharmacology implicate Arg1 and the GABA-A receptor as therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma. Cell Rep. 2014 Nov 06; 9(3):1034-46. Hackett CS, Quigley DA, Wong RA, Chen J, Cheng C, Song YK, Wei JS, Pawlikowska L, Bao Y, Goldenberg DD, Nguyen K, Gustafson WC, Rallapalli SK, Cho YJ, Cook JM, Kozlov S, Mao JH, Van Dyke T, Kwok PY, Khan J, Balmain A, Fan Q, Weiss WA. PMID: 25437558; PMCID: PMC4251494.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    33. Milestones in skin carcinogenesis: the biology of multistage carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol. 2014 Oct 10; 134(e1):E2-7. Balmain A, Yuspa SH. PMID: 25302469.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    34. Modeling cutaneous squamous carcinoma development in the mouse. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014 Sep 02; 4(9):a013623. Huang PY, Balmain A. PMID: 25183851; PMCID: PMC4143107.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    35. A multilevel model of postmenopausal breast cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Oct; 23(10):2078-92. Hiatt RA, Porco TC, Liu F, Balke K, Balmain A, Barlow J, Braithwaite D, Diez-Roux AV, Kushi LH, Moasser MM, Werb Z, Windham GC, Rehkopf DH. PMID: 25017248.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Identification of Hipk2 as an essential regulator of white fat development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 20; 111(20):7373-8. Sjölund J, Pelorosso FG, Quigley DA, DelRosario R, Balmain A. PMID: 24785298; PMCID: PMC4034214.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    37. Cellular reprogramming in skin cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2015 Jun; 32:32-9. Song IY, Balmain A. PMID: 24721247; PMCID: PMC4467683.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    38. The 5p12 breast cancer susceptibility locus affects MRPS30 expression in estrogen-receptor positive tumors. Mol Oncol. 2014 Mar; 8(2):273-84. Quigley DA, Fiorito E, Nord S, Van Loo P, Alnæs GG, Fleischer T, Tost J, Moen Vollan HK, Tramm T, Overgaard J, Bukholm IR, Hurtado A, Balmain A, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen V. PMID: 24388359; PMCID: PMC3964809.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsCTClinical Trials
    39. Keratin 16 regulates innate immunity in response to epidermal barrier breach. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 26; 110(48):19537-42. Lessard JC, Piña-Paz S, Rotty JD, Hickerson RP, Kaspar RL, Balmain A, Coulombe PA. PMID: 24218583; PMCID: PMC3845144.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 84     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    40. Tmem79/Matt is the matted mouse gene and is a predisposing gene for atopic dermatitis in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Nov; 132(5):1121-9. Saunders SP, Goh CS, Brown SJ, Palmer CN, Porter RM, Cole C, Campbell LE, Gierlinski M, Barton GJ, Schneider G, Balmain A, Prescott AR, Weidinger S, Baurecht H, Kabesch M, Gieger C, Lee YA, Tavendale R, Mukhopadhyay S, Turner SW, Madhok VB, Sullivan FM, Relton C, Burn J, Meggitt S, Smith CH, Allen MA, Barker JN, Reynolds NJ, Cordell HJ, Irvine AD, McLean WH, Sandilands A, Fallon PG. PMID: 24084074; PMCID: PMC3834151.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 60     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    41. Inflammation and Hras signaling control epithelial-mesenchymal transition during skin tumor progression. Genes Dev. 2013 Mar 15; 27(6):670-82. Wong CE, Yu JS, Quigley DA, To MD, Jen KY, Huang PY, Del Rosario R, Balmain A. PMID: 23512660; PMCID: PMC3613613.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    42. Multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (MSSE): rare variants in an adjacent region of chromosome 9q22.3 to known TGFBR1 mutations suggest a digenic or multilocus etiology. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Jul; 133(7):1907-10. Kang HC, Quigley DA, Kim IJ, Wakabayashi Y, Ferguson-Smith MA, D'Alessandro M, Birgitte Lane E, Akhurst RJ, Goudie DR, Balmain A. PMID: 23358096; PMCID: PMC3664264.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    43. Murine microenvironment metaprofiles associate with human cancer etiology and intrinsic subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15; 19(6):1353-62. Nguyen DH, Fredlund E, Zhao W, Perou CM, Balmain A, Mao JH, Barcellos-Hoff MH. PMID: 23339125; PMCID: PMC3732211.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    44. Rewiring of human lung cell lineage and mitotic networks in lung adenocarcinomas. Nat Commun. 2013; 4:1701. Kim IJ, Quigley D, To MD, Pham P, Lin K, Jo B, Jen KY, Raz D, Kim J, Mao JH, Jablons D, Balmain A. PMID: 23591868; PMCID: PMC4450149.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. Ptch1 overexpression drives skin carcinogenesis and developmental defects in K14Ptch(FVB) mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 May; 133(5):1311-20. Kang HC, Wakabayashi Y, Jen KY, Mao JH, Zoumpourlis V, Del Rosario R, Balmain A. PMID: 23223138; PMCID: PMC3610826.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    46. Interactions between wild-type and mutant Ras genes in lung and skin carcinogenesis. Oncogene. 2013 Aug 22; 32(34):4028-33. To MD, Rosario RD, Westcott PM, Banta KL, Balmain A. PMID: 22945650; PMCID: PMC3515692.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    47. Pten regulates Aurora-A and cooperates with Fbxw7 in modulating radiation-induced tumor development. Mol Cancer Res. 2012 Jun; 10(6):834-44. Kwon YW, Kim IJ, Wu D, Lu J, Stock WA, Liu Y, Huang Y, Kang HC, DelRosario R, Jen KY, Perez-Losada J, Wei G, Balmain A, Mao JH. PMID: 22513362; PMCID: PMC3388112.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 49     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    48. Allele-specific deletions in mouse tumors identify Fbxw7 as germline modifier of tumor susceptibility. PLoS One. 2012; 7(2):e31301. Perez-Losada J, Wu D, DelRosario R, Balmain A, Mao JH. PMID: 22348067; PMCID: PMC3278431.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    49. Sequential mutations in Notch1, Fbxw7, and Tp53 in radiation-induced mouse thymic lymphomas. Blood. 2012 Jan 19; 119(3):805-9. Jen KY, Song IY, Banta KL, Wu D, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 22117044; PMCID: PMC3265203.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    50. Progressive genomic instability in the FVB/Kras(LA2) mouse model of lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2011 Oct; 9(10):1339-45. To MD, Quigley DA, Mao JH, Del Rosario R, Hsu J, Hodgson G, Jacks T, Balmain A. PMID: 21807965; PMCID: PMC3196775.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    51. Hipk2 cooperates with p53 to suppress γ-ray radiation-induced mouse thymic lymphoma. Oncogene. 2012 Mar 01; 31(9):1176-80. Mao JH, Wu D, Kim IJ, Kang HC, Wei G, Climent J, Kumar A, Pelorosso FG, DelRosario R, Huang EJ, Balmain A. PMID: 21785465; PMCID: PMC3307058.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    52. Fine-tuning p53 activity through C-terminal modification significantly contributes to HSC homeostasis and mouse radiosensitivity. Genes Dev. 2011 Jul 01; 25(13):1426-38. Wang YV, Leblanc M, Fox N, Mao JH, Tinkum KL, Krummel K, Engle D, Piwnica-Worms D, Piwnica-Worms H, Balmain A, Kaushansky K, Wahl GM. PMID: 21724834; PMCID: PMC3134085.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. Network analysis of skin tumor progression identifies a rewired genetic architecture affecting inflammation and tumor susceptibility. Genome Biol. 2011; 12(1):R5. Quigley DA, To MD, Kim IJ, Lin KK, Albertson DG, Sjolund J, Pérez-Losada J, Balmain A. PMID: 21244661; PMCID: PMC3091303.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    54. C/EBPδ: friend or foe? a novel role for C/EBPδ in metastasis. EMBO J. 2010 Dec 15; 29(24):4063-5. Pelorosso FG, Balmain A. PMID: 21157479; PMCID: PMC3018802.
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    55. Polymorphic genetic control of tumor invasion in a mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 05; 107(40):17268-73. Chun MG, Mao JH, Chiu CW, Balmain A, Hanahan D. PMID: 20855625; PMCID: PMC2951397.
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    56. Deletion of the PER3 gene on chromosome 1p36 in recurrent ER-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Aug 10; 28(23):3770-8. Climent J, Perez-Losada J, Quigley DA, Kim IJ, Delrosario R, Jen KY, Bosch A, Lluch A, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 20625127; PMCID: PMC2917310.
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    57. Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research. Br J Cancer. 2010 May 25; 102(11):1555-77. Workman P, Aboagye EO, Balkwill F, Balmain A, Bruder G, Chaplin DJ, Double JA, Everitt J, Farningham DA, Glennie MJ, Kelland LR, Robinson V, Stratford IJ, Tozer GM, Watson S, Wedge SR, Eccles SA, Committee of the National Cancer Research Institute. PMID: 20502460; PMCID: PMC2883160.
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    58. Presenilin modulates EGFR signaling and cell transformation by regulating the ubiquitin ligase Fbw7. Oncogene. 2010 May 20; 29(20):2950-61. Rocher-Ros V, Marco S, Mao JH, Gines S, Metzger D, Chambon P, Balmain A, Saura CA. PMID: 20208556; PMCID: PMC4162408.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    59. An HDAC1-binding domain within FATS bridges p21 turnover to radiation-induced tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 2010 May 06; 29(18):2659-71. Li Z, Zhang Q, Mao JH, Weise A, Mrasek K, Fan X, Zhang X, Liehr T, Lu KH, Balmain A, Cai WW. PMID: 20154723.
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    60. Proceedings from the 2009 genetic syndromes of the Ras/MAPK pathway: From bedside to bench and back. Am J Med Genet A. 2010 Jan; 152A(1):4-24. Rauen KA, Schoyer L, McCormick F, Lin AE, Allanson JE, Stevenson DA, Gripp KW, Neri G, Carey JC, Legius E, Tartaglia M, Schubbert S, Roberts AE, Gelb BD, Shannon K, Gutmann DH, McMahon M, Guerra C, Fagin JA, Yu B, Aoki Y, Neel BG, Balmain A, Drake RR, Nolan GP, Zenker M, Bollag G, Sebolt-Leopold J, Gibbs JB, Silva AJ, Patton EE, Viskochil DH, Kieran MW, Korf BR, Hagerman RJ, Packer RJ, Melese T. PMID: 20014119; PMCID: PMC4051786.
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    61. Systems genetics analysis of cancer susceptibility: from mouse models to humans. Nat Rev Genet. 2009 09; 10(9):651-7. Quigley D, Balmain A. PMID: 19636343.
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    62. A Mutant-p53/Smad complex opposes p63 to empower TGFbeta-induced metastasis. Cell. 2009 Apr 03; 137(1):87-98. Adorno M, Cordenonsi M, Montagner M, Dupont S, Wong C, Hann B, Solari A, Bobisse S, Rondina MB, Guzzardo V, Parenti AR, Rosato A, Bicciato S, Balmain A, Piccolo S. PMID: 19345189.
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    63. Genetic architecture of mouse skin inflammation and tumour susceptibility. Nature. 2009 Mar 26; 458(7237):505-8. Quigley DA, To MD, Pérez-Losada J, Pelorosso FG, Mao JH, Nagase H, Ginzinger DG, Balmain A. PMID: 19136944; PMCID: PMC4460995.
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    64. Sequence divergence of Mus spretus and Mus musculus across a skin cancer susceptibility locus. BMC Genomics. 2008 Dec 23; 9:626. Mahler KL, Fleming JL, Dworkin AM, Gladman N, Cho HY, Mao JH, Balmain A, Toland AE. PMID: 19105829; PMCID: PMC2628916.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    65. FBXW7 targets mTOR for degradation and cooperates with PTEN in tumor suppression. Science. 2008 Sep 12; 321(5895):1499-502. Mao JH, Kim IJ, Wu D, Climent J, Kang HC, DelRosario R, Balmain A. PMID: 18787170; PMCID: PMC2849753.
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    66. Kras regulatory elements and exon 4A determine mutation specificity in lung cancer. Nat Genet. 2008 Oct; 40(10):1240-4. To MD, Wong CE, Karnezis AN, Del Rosario R, Di Lauro R, Balmain A. PMID: 18758463; PMCID: PMC2654781.
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    67. Atm heterozygosity does not increase tumor susceptibility to ionizing radiation alone or in a p53 heterozygous background. Oncogene. 2008 Nov 20; 27(51):6596-600. Mao JH, Wu D, DelRosario R, Castellanos A, Balmain A, Perez-Losada J. PMID: 18679420.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    68. Dissociation of epithelial and neuroendocrine carcinoma lineages in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model of prostate cancer. Am J Pathol. 2008 Jan; 172(1):236-46. Chiaverotti T, Couto SS, Donjacour A, Mao JH, Nagase H, Cardiff RD, Cunha GR, Balmain A. PMID: 18156212; PMCID: PMC2189611.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 123     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    69. HIPK2 represses beta-catenin-mediated transcription, epidermal stem cell expansion, and skin tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 07; 104(32):13040-5. Wei G, Ku S, Ma GK, Saito S, Tang AA, Zhang J, Mao JH, Appella E, Balmain A, Huang EJ. PMID: 17666529; PMCID: PMC1936219.
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    70. Convergence of congenic mapping and allele-specific alterations in tumors for the resolution of the Skts1 skin tumor susceptibility locus. Oncogene. 2007 Jun 14; 26(28):4171-8. de Koning JP, Wakabayashi Y, Nagase H, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 17311004.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    71. Crosstalk between Aurora-A and p53: frequent deletion or downregulation of Aurora-A in tumors from p53 null mice. Cancer Cell. 2007 Feb; 11(2):161-73. Mao JH, Wu D, Perez-Losada J, Jiang T, Li Q, Neve RM, Gray JW, Cai WW, Balmain A. PMID: 17292827; PMCID: PMC2730519.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    72. Promotion of Hras-induced squamous carcinomas by a polymorphic variant of the Patched gene in FVB mice. Nature. 2007 Feb 15; 445(7129):761-5. Wakabayashi Y, Mao JH, Brown K, Girardi M, Balmain A. PMID: 17230190.
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    73. A functional switch from lung cancer resistance to susceptibility at the Pas1 locus in Kras2LA2 mice. Nat Genet. 2006 Aug; 38(8):926-30. To MD, Perez-Losada J, Mao JH, Hsu J, Jacks T, Balmain A. PMID: 16823377; PMCID: PMC4461000.
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    74. Genetic variants of Tgfb1 act as context-dependent modifiers of mouse skin tumor susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 23; 103(21):8125-30. Mao JH, Saunier EF, de Koning JP, McKinnon MM, Higgins MN, Nicklas K, Yang HT, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 16702541; PMCID: PMC1472440.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    75. Transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibition enhances adenoviral infectability of carcinoma cells via up-regulation of Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor in conjunction with reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res. 2006 Feb 01; 66(3):1648-57. Lacher MD, Tiirikainen MI, Saunier EF, Christian C, Anders M, Oft M, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ, Korn WM. PMID: 16452224.
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    76. Genomic instability in radiation-induced mouse lymphoma from p53 heterozygous mice. Oncogene. 2005 Nov 24; 24(53):7924-34. Mao JH, Li J, Jiang T, Li Q, Wu D, Perez-Losada J, DelRosario R, Peterson L, Balmain A, Cai WW. PMID: 16116484.
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    77. Crosstalk between Pten and Ras signaling pathways in tumor development. Cell Cycle. 2005 Sep; 4(9):1185-8. To MD, Perez-Losada J, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 16123588.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    78. p63 and p73 do not contribute to p53-mediated lymphoma suppressor activity in vivo. Oncogene. 2005 Aug 18; 24(35):5521-4. Perez-Losada J, Wu D, DelRosario R, Balmain A, Mao JH. PMID: 16007185.
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    79. Control of genomic instability and epithelial tumor development by the p53-Fbxw7/Cdc4 pathway. Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 01; 65(15):6488-92. Perez-Losada J, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 16061623.
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    80. Aurora-A/STK15 T+91A is a general low penetrance cancer susceptibility gene: a meta-analysis of multiple cancer types. Carcinogenesis. 2005 Aug; 26(8):1368-73. Ewart-Toland A, Dai Q, Gao YT, Nagase H, Dunlop MG, Farrington SM, Barnetson RA, Anton-Culver H, Peel D, Ziogas A, Lin D, Miao X, Sun T, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL, Langlois M, Chan JM, Yuan J, Harris CC, Bowman ED, Clayman GL, Lippman SM, Lee JJ, Zheng W, Balmain A. PMID: 15802297.
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    81. Mapping segmental and sequence variations among laboratory mice using BAC array CGH. Genome Res. 2005 Feb; 15(2):302-11. Snijders AM, Nowak NJ, Huey B, Fridlyand J, Law S, Conroy J, Tokuyasu T, Demir K, Chiu R, Mao JH, Jain AN, Jones SJ, Balmain A, Pinkel D, Albertson DG. PMID: 15687294; PMCID: PMC546532.
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    82. Fbxw7/Cdc4 is a p53-dependent, haploinsufficient tumour suppressor gene. Nature. 2004 Dec 09; 432(7018):775-9. Mao JH, Perez-Losada J, Wu D, Delrosario R, Tsunematsu R, Nakayama KI, Brown K, Bryson S, Balmain A. PMID: 15592418.
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    83. Synergistic effects of STK15 gene polymorphisms and endogenous estrogen exposure in the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Dec; 13(12):2065-70. Dai Q, Cai QY, Shu XO, Ewart-Toland A, Wen WQ, Balmain A, Gao YT, Zheng W. PMID: 15598762.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    84. Identification of Fetuin-B as a member of a cystatin-like gene family on mouse chromosome 16 with tumor suppressor activity. Genome. 2004 Oct; 47(5):931-46. Hsu SJ, Nagase H, Balmain A. PMID: 15499407.
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    85. Forty years of cancer modelling in the mouse. Eur J Cancer. 2004 Sep; 40(13):1974-80. Hirst GL, Balmain A. PMID: 15315806.
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    86. Genomic segmental polymorphisms in inbred mouse strains. Nat Genet. 2004 Sep; 36(9):952-4. Li J, Jiang T, Mao JH, Balmain A, Peterson L, Harris C, Rao PH, Havlak P, Gibbs R, Cai WW. PMID: 15322544.
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    87. Mutually exclusive mutations of the Pten and ras pathways in skin tumor progression. Genes Dev. 2004 Aug 01; 18(15):1800-5. Mao JH, To MD, Perez-Losada J, Wu D, Del Rosario R, Balmain A. PMID: 15289454; PMCID: PMC517400.
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    88. A gain of function TGFB1 polymorphism may be associated with late stage prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 May; 13(5):759-64. Ewart-Toland A, Chan JM, Yuan J, Balmain A, Ma J. PMID: 15159307.
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    89. Cancer: dangerous liaisons. Nature. 2004 Mar 18; 428(6980):271-2. Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 15029181.
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    90. The genetics of cancer susceptibility: from mouse to man. Toxicol Pathol. 2004 Mar-Apr; 32 Suppl 1:26-30. Ewart-Toland A, Balmain A. PMID: 15209400.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    91. Characterizing the protective component of the alphabeta T cell response to transplantable squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 Mar; 122(3):699-706. Girardi M, Oppenheim D, Glusac EJ, Filler R, Balmain A, Tigelaar RE, Hayday AC. PMID: 15086556.
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    92. Genetic interactions between Pten and p53 in radiation-induced lymphoma development. Oncogene. 2003 Nov 20; 22(52):8379-85. Mao JH, Wu D, Perez-Losada J, Nagase H, DelRosario R, Balmain A. PMID: 14627978.
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    93. Replication of an E1B 55-kilodalton protein-deficient adenovirus (ONYX-015) is restored by gain-of-function rather than loss-of-function p53 mutants. J Virol. 2003 Nov; 77(21):11588-95. Hann B, Balmain A. PMID: 14557644; PMCID: PMC229311.
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    94. Allele-specific Hras mutations and genetic alterations at tumor susceptibility loci in skin carcinomas from interspecific hybrid mice. Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 15; 63(16):4849-53. Nagase H, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 12941805.
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    95. Identification of Stk6/STK15 as a candidate low-penetrance tumor-susceptibility gene in mouse and human. Nat Genet. 2003 Aug; 34(4):403-12. Ewart-Toland A, Briassouli P, de Koning JP, Mao JH, Yuan J, Chan F, MacCarthy-Morrogh L, Ponder BA, Nagase H, Burn J, Ball S, Almeida M, Linardopoulos S, Balmain A. PMID: 12881723.
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    96. Stem-cell hierarchy in skin cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Jun; 3(6):434-43. Perez-Losada J, Balmain A. PMID: 12778133.
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    97. The genetics and genomics of cancer. Nat Genet. 2003 Mar; 33 Suppl:238-44. Balmain A, Gray J, Ponder B. PMID: 12610533.
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    98. Developing novel oncolytic adenoviruses through bioselection. J Virol. 2003 Feb; 77(4):2640-50. Yan W, Kitzes G, Dormishian F, Hawkins L, Sampson-Johannes A, Watanabe J, Holt J, Lee V, Dubensky T, Fattaey A, Hermiston T, Balmain A, Shen Y. PMID: 12552003; PMCID: PMC141112.
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    99. Genomic approaches to identification of tumour-susceptibility genes using mouse models. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2003 Feb; 13(1):14-9. Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 12573430.
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    100. Novel approaches to identify low-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes using mouse models. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2003; 163:19-27; discussion 264-6. de Koning JP, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 12903840.
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    101. Metastasis is driven by sequential elevation of H-ras and Smad2 levels. Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Jul; 4(7):487-94. Oft M, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 12105419.
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    102. High activity of serum response factor in the mesenchymal transition of epithelial tumor cells is regulated by RhoA signaling. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 16; 277(33):29490-5. Psichari E, Balmain A, Plows D, Zoumpourlis V, Pintzas A. PMID: 12039949.
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    103. Cancer: new-age tumour suppressors. Nature. 2002 May 16; 417(6886):235-7. Balmain A. PMID: 12015584.
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    104. Genome-wide detection of chromosomal imbalances in tumors using BAC microarrays. Nat Biotechnol. 2002 Apr; 20(4):393-6. Cai WW, Mao JH, Chow CW, Damani S, Balmain A, Bradley A. PMID: 11923847.
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    105. Cancer as a complex genetic trait: tumor susceptibility in humans and mouse models. Cell. 2002 Jan 25; 108(2):145-52. Balmain A. PMID: 11832205.
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    106. Absence of the CAAX endoprotease Rce1: effects on cell growth and transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jan; 22(1):171-81. Bergo MO, Ambroziak P, Gregory C, George A, Otto JC, Kim E, Nagase H, Casey PJ, Balmain A, Young SG. PMID: 11739732; PMCID: PMC134215.
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    107. Building 'validated' mouse models of human cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2001 Dec; 13(6):778-84. Hann B, Balmain A. PMID: 11698196.
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    108. Cancer genetics: from Boveri and Mendel to microarrays. Nat Rev Cancer. 2001 Oct; 1(1):77-82. Balmain A. PMID: 11900254.
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    109. TGF-beta signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression. Nat Genet. 2001 Oct; 29(2):117-29. Derynck R, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 11586292.
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    110. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in progression of mouse skin carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog. 2001 Jun; 31(2):74-82. Papathoma AS, Zoumpourlis V, Balmain A, Pintzas A. PMID: 11429784.
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    111. Replication and cytolysis of an E1B-attenuated adenovirus in drug-resistant ovarian tumour cells is associated with reduced apoptosis. Gene Ther. 2001 Mar; 8(5):369-75. Ganly I, Kim YT, Hann B, Balmain A, Brown R. PMID: 11313813.
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    112. Epistatic interactions between skin tumor modifier loci in interspecific (spretus/musculus) backcross mice. Cancer Res. 2001 Feb 15; 61(4):1305-8. Nagase H, Mao JH, de Koning JP, Minami T, Balmain A. PMID: 11245425.
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    113. TGF-beta inhibits p70 S6 kinase via protein phosphatase 2A to induce G(1) arrest. Genes Dev. 2000 Dec 15; 14(24):3093-101. Petritsch C, Beug H, Balmain A, Oft M. PMID: 11124802; PMCID: PMC317138.
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    114. Allele-specific loss or imbalance of chromosomes 9, 15, and 16 in B-cell tumors from interspecific F1 hybrid mice carrying Emu-c-myc or N-myc transgenes. Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 15; 88(6):920-7. Linardopoulos S, Silva S, Klein G, Balmain A. PMID: 11093815.
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    115. High levels of phosphorylated c-Jun, Fra-1, Fra-2 and ATF-2 proteins correlate with malignant phenotypes in the multistage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. Oncogene. 2000 Aug 17; 19(35):4011-21. Zoumpourlis V, Papassava P, Linardopoulos S, Gillespie D, Balmain A, Pintzas A. PMID: 10962557.
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    116. Productive replication of human adenoviruses in mouse epidermal cells. J Virol. 2000 Mar; 74(6):2895-9. Ganly I, Mautner V, Balmain A. PMID: 10684307; PMCID: PMC111781.
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    117. Carcinogenesis in mouse and human cells: parallels and paradoxes. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Mar; 21(3):371-7. Balmain A, Harris CC. PMID: 10688857.
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    118. Integration of positive and negative growth signals during ras pathway activation in vivo. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2000 Feb; 10(1):106-13. Frame S, Balmain A. PMID: 10679397.
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    119. A subset of skin tumor modifier loci determines survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Dec 21; 96(26):15032-7. Nagase H, Mao JH, Balmain A. PMID: 10611333; PMCID: PMC24768.
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    120. Target genes and target cells in carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer. 1999 Jul; 80 Suppl 1:28-33. Frame S, Balmain A. PMID: 10466758.
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    121. Oncogenes and cell proliferation. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1999 Feb; 9(1):11-4. Dyson N, Balmain A. PMID: 10206674.
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    122. Genetic events and the role of TGF beta in epithelial tumour progression. J Pathol. 1999 Jan; 187(1):82-90. Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 10341708.
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    123. Epithelial carcinogenesis in the mouse: correlating the genetics and the biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1998 Jun 29; 353(1370):839-45. Frame S, Crombie R, Liddell J, Stuart D, Linardopoulos S, Nagase H, Portella G, Brown K, Street A, Akhurst R, Balmain A. PMID: 9684281; PMCID: PMC1692278.
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    124. Transforming growth factor beta is essential for spindle cell conversion of mouse skin carcinoma in vivo: implications for tumor invasion. Cell Growth Differ. 1998 May; 9(5):393-404. Portella G, Cumming SA, Liddell J, Cui W, Ireland H, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 9607560.
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    125. The malignant capacity of skin tumours induced by expression of a mutant H-ras transgene depends on the cell type targeted. Curr Biol. 1998 Apr 23; 8(9):516-24. Brown K, Strathdee D, Bryson S, Lambie W, Balmain A. PMID: 9560338.
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    126. Cancer resistance genes in mice: models for the study of tumour modifiers. Trends Genet. 1998 Apr; 14(4):139-44. Balmain A, Nagase H. PMID: 9594661.
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    127. Stochastic modelling of tumorigenesis in p53 deficient mice. Br J Cancer. 1998; 77(2):243-52. Mao JH, Lindsay KA, Balmain A, Wheldon TE. PMID: 9460995; PMCID: PMC2151221.
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    128. Chromosomal and genetic alterations of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced melanoma from TP-ras transgenic mice. Mol Carcinog. 1997 Sep; 20(1):78-87. Gause PR, Lluria-Prevatt M, Keith WN, Balmain A, Linardopolous S, Warneke J, Powell MB. PMID: 9328438.
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    129. Changes in gap junctional intercellular communication in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jan; 18(1):15-21. Holden PR, McGuire B, Stoler A, Balmain A, Pitts JD. PMID: 9054584.
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    130. The p53 response to ionising radiation in adult and developing murine tissues. Oncogene. 1996 Dec 19; 13(12):2575-87. MacCallum DE, Hupp TR, Midgley CA, Stuart D, Campbell SJ, Harper A, Walsh FS, Wright EG, Balmain A, Lane DP, Hall PA. PMID: 9000131.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 50     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    131. TGFbeta1 inhibits the formation of benign skin tumors, but enhances progression to invasive spindle carcinomas in transgenic mice. Cell. 1996 Aug 23; 86(4):531-42. Cui W, Fowlis DJ, Bryson S, Duffie E, Ireland H, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 8752208.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 176     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    132. Altered epidermal cell growth control in vivo by inducible expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in the skin of transgenic mice. Cell Growth Differ. 1996 May; 7(5):679-87. Fowlis DJ, Cui W, Johnson SA, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 8732677.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    133. Expression pattern of the cell adhesion molecules. E-cadherin, P-cadherin and alpha 6 beta 4 intergrin is altered in pre-malignant skin tumors of p53-deficient mice. Int J Cancer. 1996 Jan 17; 65(2):254-62. Cano A, Gamallo C, Kemp CJ, Benito N, Palacios J, Quintanilla M, Balmain A. PMID: 8567126.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    134. Multigenic control of skin tumour development in mice. Ciba Found Symp. 1996; 197:156-68; discussion 168-80. Nagase H, Bryson S, Fee F, Balmain A. PMID: 8827373.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    135. Transgenic approaches to understanding the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Toxicol Lett. 1995 Dec; 82-83:123-30. Brown K, Burns PA, Balmain A. PMID: 8597039.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    136. Deletion and altered regulation of p16INK4a and p15INK4b in undifferentiated mouse skin tumors. Cancer Res. 1995 Nov 15; 55(22):5168-72. Linardopoulos S, Street AJ, Quelle DE, Parry D, Peters G, Sherr CJ, Balmain A. PMID: 7585567.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    137. Spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced chromosomal abnormalities in p53-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 1995 Sep 01; 55(17):3883-9. Bouffler SD, Kemp CJ, Balmain A, Cox R. PMID: 7641208.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    138. Cancer. Exploring the bowels of DNA methylation. Curr Biol. 1995 Sep 01; 5(9):1013-6. Balmain A. PMID: 8542276.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    139. Distinct genetic loci control development of benign and malignant skin tumours in mice. Nat Genet. 1995 Aug; 10(4):424-9. Nagase H, Bryson S, Cordell H, Kemp CJ, Fee F, Balmain A. PMID: 7670492.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    140. Transgenic mice and squamous multistage skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1995 Jun; 14(2):113-24. Brown K, Balmain A. PMID: 7554029.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    141. Concerted action of TGF-beta 1 and its type II receptor in control of epidermal homeostasis in transgenic mice. Genes Dev. 1995 Apr 15; 9(8):945-55. Cui W, Fowlis DJ, Cousins FM, Duffie E, Bryson S, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 7774812.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    142. Regulatory elements in the first intron of the mouse Ha-ras gene. Mol Carcinog. 1995 Mar; 12(3):137-45. Telliez JB, Plumb M, Balmain A, Bailleul B. PMID: 7893367.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    143. Hyperpigmentation and melanocytic hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing the human T24 Ha-ras gene regulated by a mouse tyrosinase promoter. Mol Carcinog. 1995 Feb; 12(2):82-90. Powell MB, Hyman P, Bell OD, Balmain A, Brown K, Alberts D, Bowden GT. PMID: 7662120.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    144. Lack of transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression in benign skin tumors of p53null mice is prognostic for a high risk of malignant conversion. Cancer Res. 1994 Nov 15; 54(22):5831-6. Cui W, Kemp CJ, Duffie E, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 7954410.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    145. Induction of different genetic changes by different classes of chemical carcinogens during progression of mouse skin tumors. Mol Carcinog. 1994 Oct; 11(2):90-7. Bremner R, Kemp CJ, Balmain A. PMID: 7916997.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    146. p53-deficient mice are extremely susceptible to radiation-induced tumorigenesis. Nat Genet. 1994 Sep; 8(1):66-9. Kemp CJ, Wheldon T, Balmain A. PMID: 7987394.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 123     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    147. A switch from stromal to tumor cell expression of stromelysin-1 mRNA associated with the conversion of squamous to spindle carcinomas during mouse skin tumor progression. Mol Carcinog. 1994 Aug; 10(4):207-15. Wright JH, McDonnell S, Portella G, Bowden GT, Balmain A, Matrisian LM. PMID: 8068181.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    148. An allelotype of squamous carcinoma of the head and neck using microsatellite markers. Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 01; 54(7):1617-21. Ah-See KW, Cooke TG, Pickford IR, Soutar D, Balmain A. PMID: 8137268.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    149. The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 1994 Feb 01; 54(3):614-7. Merritt AJ, Potten CS, Kemp CJ, Hickman JA, Balmain A, Lane DP, Hall PA. PMID: 8306319.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 135     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    150. Transgenic approaches to the analysis of ras and p53 function in multistage carcinogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1994; 59:427-34. Kemp CJ, Burns PA, Brown K, Nagase H, Balmain A. PMID: 7587097.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    151. Importance of genetic alterations in tumour development. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1994; 16:253-60. Brown K, Kemp C, Burns P, Balmain A. PMID: 8192588.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    152. Molecular mechanisms of invasion and metastasis during mouse skin tumour progression. Invasion Metastasis. 1994-1995; 14(1-6):7-16. Portella G, Liddell J, Crombie R, Haddow S, Clarke M, Stoler AB, Balmain A. PMID: 7657534.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    153. Allelotype analysis of mouse skin tumors using polymorphic microsatellites: sequential genetic alterations on chromosomes 6, 7, and 11. Cancer Res. 1993 Dec 15; 53(24):6022-7. Kemp CJ, Fee F, Balmain A. PMID: 7903201.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    154. Reduction of p53 gene dosage does not increase initiation or promotion but enhances malignant progression of chemically induced skin tumors. Cell. 1993 Sep 10; 74(5):813-22. Kemp CJ, Donehower LA, Bradley A, Balmain A. PMID: 8374952.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 126     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    155. The conversion of mouse skin squamous cell carcinomas to spindle cell carcinomas is a recessive event. J Cell Biol. 1993 Sep; 122(5):1103-17. Stoler AB, Stenback F, Balmain A. PMID: 7689080; PMCID: PMC2119621.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    156. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in transgenic mouse models of neoplasia. Eur J Cancer. 1993; 29A(4):638-45. Fowlis DJ, Balmain A. PMID: 8435223.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    157. Positive and negative growth control in multistage skin carcinogenesis. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1993; 128:309-21. Brown K, Kemp CJ, Burns PA, Stoler AB, Fowlis DJ, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 8356328.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    158. A revised map position for the Ha-ras gene on mouse chromosome 7: implications for analysis of genetic alterations in rodent tumors. Mol Carcinog. 1993; 7(3):147-50. Kemp CJ, Bremner R, Balmain A. PMID: 8098216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    159. Potential therapeutic targets in multistep oncogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 1992 Dec; 3(6):335-41. Burns PA, Balmain A. PMID: 1286154.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    160. Discordant transforming growth factor beta 1 RNA and protein localization during chemical carcinogenesis of the skin. Cell Growth Differ. 1992 Feb; 3(2):81-91. Fowlis DJ, Flanders KC, Duffie E, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 1504019.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    161. Expression of simple epithelial cytokeratins in mouse epidermal keratinocytes harboring Harvey ras gene alterations. Cancer Res. 1992 Feb 01; 52(3):680-7. Diaz-Guerra M, Haddow S, Bauluz C, Jorcano JL, Cano A, Balmain A, Quintanilla M. PMID: 1370649.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    162. Loss of heterozygosity and mutational alterations of the p53 gene in skin tumours of interspecific hybrid mice. Oncogene. 1991 Dec; 6(12):2363-9. Burns PA, Kemp CJ, Gannon JV, Lane DP, Bremner R, Balmain A. PMID: 1766680.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    163. Transformation of mouse skin endothelial cells in vivo by direct application of plasmid DNA encoding the human T24 H-ras oncogene. Oncogene. 1991 Nov; 6(11):1973-8. Burns PA, Jack A, Neilson F, Haddow S, Balmain A. PMID: 1945407.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    164. Comparison of ras activation during epidermal carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis. 1991 Oct; 12(10):1875-81. Quintanilla M, Haddow S, Jonas D, Jaffe D, Bowden GT, Balmain A. PMID: 1934268.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    165. Progression of squamous carcinoma cells to spindle carcinomas of mouse skin is associated with an imbalance of H-ras alleles on chromosome 7. Cancer Res. 1991 Aug 01; 51(15):4097-101. Buchmann A, Ruggeri B, Klein-Szanto AJ, Balmain A. PMID: 1855225.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    166. Loss of growth control by TGF-beta occurs at a late stage of mouse skin carcinogenesis and is independent of ras gene activation. Oncogene. 1991 Aug; 6(8):1465-70. Haddow S, Fowlis DJ, Parkinson K, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. PMID: 1886717.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    167. Genetic changes during mouse skin tumorigenesis. Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Jun; 93:41-4. Burns PA, Bremner R, Balmain A. PMID: 1685445; PMCID: PMC1568051.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    168. Structural analysis of the mouse c-Ha-ras gene promoter. Mol Carcinog. 1991; 4(2):103-11. Plumb M, Telliez JB, Fee F, Daubersies P, Bailleul B, Balmain A. PMID: 2043251.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    169. Molecular alterations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes during chemical carcinogenesis. Prog Histochem Cytochem. 1991; 23(1-4):100-6. Burns PA, Brown K, Bremner R, Clarke M, Balmain A. PMID: 1947131.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    170. Functional loss of tumour suppressor genes in multistage chemical carcinogenesis. Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1991; 22:97-108. Balmain A, Kemp CJ, Burns PA, Stoler AB, Fowlis DJ, Akhurst RJ. PMID: 1844254.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    171. Skin hyperkeratosis and papilloma formation in transgenic mice expressing a ras oncogene from a suprabasal keratin promoter. Cell. 1990 Aug 24; 62(4):697-708. Bailleul B, Surani MA, White S, Barton SC, Brown K, Blessing M, Jorcano J, Balmain A. PMID: 1696852.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 76     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    172. Genetic changes in skin tumor progression: correlation between presence of a mutant ras gene and loss of heterozygosity on mouse chromosome 7. Cell. 1990 May 04; 61(3):407-17. Bremner R, Balmain A. PMID: 2185890.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 72     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    173. Chalones revisited--a possible role for transforming growth factor beta in tumour promotion. Carcinogenesis. 1990 Feb; 11(2):195-8. Parkinson K, Balmain A. PMID: 2137380.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    174. Carcinogen-induced mutations in the mouse c-Ha-ras gene provide evidence of multiple pathways for tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan; 87(2):538-42. Brown K, Buchmann A, Balmain A. PMID: 2105486; PMCID: PMC53300.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 51     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    175. The interplay between ras oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in experimental carcinogenesis. Immunol Ser. 1990; 51:75-88. Balmain A, Brown K, Bremner R. PMID: 2128916.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    176. Analysis of the HMGI nuclear proteins in mouse neoplastic cells induced by different procedures. Exp Cell Res. 1989 Oct; 184(2):538-45. Giancotti V, Buratti E, Perissin L, Zorzet S, Balmain A, Portella G, Fusco A, Goodwin GH. PMID: 2806403.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    177. Chemical induction of oncogene mutations and growth factor activity in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect. 1989 May; 81:23-7. Bailleul B, Brown K, Ramsden M, Akhurst RJ, Fee F, Balmain A. PMID: 2667981; PMCID: PMC1567527.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    178. Initiation of skin carcinogenesis can occur by induction of carcinogen-specific point mutations in the Harvey-ras gene. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989; 298:137-45. Bailleul B, Brown K, Ramsden M, Fee F, Balmain A. PMID: 2664807.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    179. The action of oncogenes and growth factors in tumour initiation and promotion. Carcinog Compr Surv. 1989; 11:243-55. Akhurst R, Bailleul B, Brown K, Ramsden M, Fee F, Balmain A. PMID: 2493336.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    180. Molecular analysis of chemical carcinogenesis in the skin. Br J Cancer Suppl. 1988 Dec; 9:72-5. Balmain A, Brown K, Akhurst RJ, Fee FM. PMID: 3076069; PMCID: PMC2149109.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    181. Localized production of TGF-beta mRNA in tumour promoter-stimulated mouse epidermis. Nature. 1988 Jan 28; 331(6154):363-5. Akhurst RJ, Fee F, Balmain A. PMID: 3422343.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 65     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    182. Oncogene activation in chemical carcinogenesis. Adv Cancer Res. 1988; 51:147-82. Balmain A, Brown K. PMID: 3066145.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 56     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    183. Isolation and characterization of the 5' flanking region of the mouse c-Harvey-ras gene. Mol Carcinog. 1988; 1(3):161-70. Brown K, Bailleul B, Ramsden M, Fee F, Krumlauf R, Balmain A. PMID: 3074812.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    184. v-ras genes from Harvey and BALB murine sarcoma viruses can act as initiators of two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cell. 1986 Aug 01; 46(3):447-56. Brown K, Quintanilla M, Ramsden M, Kerr IB, Young S, Balmain A. PMID: 3015415.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    185. Carcinogen-specific mutation and amplification of Ha-ras during mouse skin carcinogenesis. Nature. 1986 Jul 3-9; 322(6074):78-80. Quintanilla M, Brown K, Ramsden M, Balmain A. PMID: 3014349.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 238     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    186. An approach to the molecular mechanisms of cancer induction. J Pathol. 1986 May; 149(1):3-8. Balmain A, Quintanilla M, Brown K, Ramsden M. PMID: 3088239.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    187. Immunocytochemical demonstration of p21 ras family oncogene product in normal mucosa and in premalignant and malignant tumours of the colorectum. Br J Cancer. 1985 Nov; 52(5):695-700. Kerr IB, Lee FD, Quintanilla M, Balmain A. PMID: 3904802; PMCID: PMC1977216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    188. Differential methylation of the c-H-ras gene in normal mouse cells and during skin tumour progression. EMBO J. 1985 Jun; 4(6):1449-54. Ramsden M, Cole G, Smith J, Balmain A. PMID: 4029120; PMCID: PMC554366.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    189. Transforming ras oncogenes and multistage carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer. 1985 Jan; 51(1):1-7. Balmain A. PMID: 3881118; PMCID: PMC1976808.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    190. Activation of the mouse cellular Harvey-ras gene in chemically induced benign skin papillomas. Nature. 1984 Feb 16-22; 307(5952):658-60. Balmain A, Ramsden M, Bowden GT, Smith J. PMID: 6694757.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 149     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    191. Mouse skin carcinomas induced in vivo by chemical carcinogens have a transforming Harvey-ras oncogene. Nature. 1983 May 5-11; 303(5912):72-4. Balmain A, Pragnell IB. PMID: 6843661.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 113     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    192. Induction of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity in mouse skin by inflammatory agents and tumor promoters. EMBO J. 1983; 2(11):1877-82. Koury MJ, Balmain A, Pragnell IB. PMID: 6605850; PMCID: PMC555383.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    193. Identification of a rapidly labelled 350K histidine-rich protein in neonatal mouse epidermis. Differentiation. 1983; 23(3):243-9. Ramsden M, Loehren D, Balmain A. PMID: 6406285.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    194. Transcription of repeated sequences of the mouse B1 family in Friend erythroleukaemic cells. Intermolecular RNA-RNA duplex formation between polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated nuclear RNAs. J Mol Biol. 1982 Sep 15; 160(2):163-79. Balmain A, Frew L, Cole G, Krumlauf R, Ritchie A, Birnie GD. PMID: 6184479.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    195. Cloning and characterisation of the abundant cytoplasmic 7S RNA from mouse cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jul 24; 10(14):4259-77. Balmain A, Krumlauf R, Vass JK, Birnie GD. PMID: 6896909; PMCID: PMC320798.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    196. Sequence divergence of nucleus-confined polyadenylated ribonucleic acids in Friend erythroleukemic cells. Biochemistry. 1981 Oct 13; 20(21):6257-64. Balmain A, Sproul A, Birnie GD. PMID: 6171299.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    197. Nick translation of mammalian DNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Jan 26; 561(1):155-66. Balmain A, Birnie GD. PMID: 570419.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    198. Protein synthesis during fetal development of mouse epidermis. I. The appearance of "histidine-rich protein". Dev Biol. 1977 Oct 15; 60(2):442-52. Balmain A, Loehren D, Fischer J, Alonso A. PMID: 924021.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    199. Histone phosphorylation and synthesis of DNA and RNA during phases of proliferation and differentiation induced in mouse epidermis by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res. 1977 May; 37(5):1548-55. Balmain A, Alonso A, Fischer J. PMID: 851963.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    200. On the biochemical mechanism of tumorigenesis in mouse skin. VII. The effects of tumor promoters on 3H-choline and 3H-glycerol incorporation into mouse epidermal phosphatidylcholine in relation to their effects on 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1976 Aug 30; 86(3):251-61. Balmain A, Hecker E. PMID: 136100.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    201. The synthesis of specific proteins in adult mouse epidermis during phases of proliferation and differentiation induced by the tumor promoter TPA, and in basal and differentiating layers of neonatal mouse epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 1976 Aug; 67(2):246-53. Balmain A. PMID: 950489.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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