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Jacqueline Leung, MD, MPH

Title(s)Professor, Anesthesia
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Phone415-476-0711
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    University of California, San Francisco Clinical Fellowship Cardiology
    University of California, San FranciscoResidency
    Stanford UniversityM.D.1984School of Medicine

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Dr. Leung is the director of the Perioperative Medicine Research Group based at UCSF Medical Center. The group conducts outcomes research in older surgical patients. Our recent work focuses on identifying the pathophysiology of postoperative delirium and cognitive decline, and also the mechanism between sleep disruption and ICU delirium.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Acute preoperative sleep disruption and postoperative delirium
    NIH/NIA R21AG053715Mar 1, 2017 - Feb 28, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Effects of Light vs Deep Anesthesia on Postoperative Cognitive Outcomes
    NIH/NIA R21AG048456Jun 1, 2015 - May 31, 2017
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Pathophysiology of postoperative delirium in older patients
    NIH/NIA R01AG031795Sep 15, 2009 - Aug 31, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    AGING AND PERIOPERATIVE OUTCOMES
    NIH/NIA K24AG000948Mar 1, 2001 - Feb 28, 2006
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. MacKenzie KK, Britt-Spells AM, Sands LP, Leung JM. Processed Electroencephalogram Monitoring and Postoperative Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesthesiology. 2018 09; 129(3):417-427. PMID: 29912008.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Kinjo S, Lim E, Magsaysay MV, Sands LP, Leung JM. Volatile anaesthetics and postoperative delirium in older surgical patients-A secondary analysis of prospective cohort studies. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019 Jan; 63(1):18-26. PMID: 30051465.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Leung JM, Sands LP, Chen N, Ames C, Berven S, Bozic K, Burch S, Chou D, Covinsky K, Deviren V, Kinjo S, Kramer JH, Ries M, Tay B, Vail T, Weinstein P, Chang S, Meckler G, Newman S, Tsai T, Voss V, Youngblom E. Perioperative Gabapentin Does Not Reduce Postoperative Delirium in Older Surgical Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesthesiology. 2017 10; 127(4):633-644. PMID: 28727581.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Hargrave A, Bastiaens J, Bourgeois JA, Neuhaus J, Josephson SA, Chinn J, Lee M, Leung J, Douglas V. Validation of a Nurse-Based Delirium-Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients. Psychosomatics. 2017 Nov - Dec; 58(6):594-603. PMID: 28750835.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Muhlhofer WG, Zak R, Kamal T, Rizvi B, Sands LP, Yuan M, Zhang X, Leung JM. Burst-suppression ratio underestimates absolute duration of electroencephalogram suppression compared with visual analysis of intraoperative electroencephalogram. Br J Anaesth. 2017 May 01; 118(5):755-761. PMID: 28486575.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Vacas S, McInrue E, Gropper MA, Maze M, Zak R, Lim E, Leung JM. The Feasibility and Utility of Continuous Sleep Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients Using a Portable Electroencephalography Monitor. Anesth Analg. 2016 07; 123(1):206-12. PMID: 27159066.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Leung JM, Sands LP, Newman S, Meckler G, Xie Y, Gay C, Lee K. Preoperative Sleep Disruption and Postoperative Delirium. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015 Aug 15; 11(8):907-13. PMID: 25979094; PMCID: PMC4513268.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    8. Shim J, DePalma G, Sands LP, Leung JM. Prognostic Significance of Postoperative Subsyndromal Delirium. Psychosomatics. 2015 Nov-Dec; 56(6):644-51. PMID: 26198571.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Hirsch J, DePalma G, Tsai TT, Sands LP, Leung JM. Impact of intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure fluctuations on early postoperative delirium after non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Sep; 115(3):418-26. PMID: 25616677; PMCID: PMC4533731.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    10. Long LS, Wolpaw JT, Leung JM. Sensitivity and specificity of the animal fluency test for predicting postoperative delirium. Can J Anaesth. 2015 Jun; 62(6):603-8. PMID: 25537737.
      View in: PubMed
    11. American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Jan; 63(1):142-50. PMID: 25495432.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Postoperative delirium in older adults: best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2015 Feb; 220(2):136-48.e1. PMID: 25535170.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Youngblom E, DePalma G, Sands L, Leung J. The temporal relationship between early postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients: a prospective cohort study. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Dec; 61(12):1084-92. PMID: 25287962.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Leung JM, Sands LP, Lim E, Tsai TL, Kinjo S. Does preoperative risk for delirium moderate the effects of postoperative pain and opiate use on postoperative delirium? Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Oct; 21(10):946-56. PMID: 23659900; PMCID: PMC3742555.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    15. Behrends M, DePalma G, Sands L, Leung J. Association between intraoperative blood transfusions and early postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Mar; 61(3):365-70. PMID: 23496244; PMCID: PMC4529289.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    16. DeCrane SK, Sands LP, Young KM, DePalma G, Leung JM. Impact of missing data on analysis of postoperative cognitive decline (POCD). Appl Nurs Res. 2013 May; 26(2):71-5. PMID: 23290047.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Shim JJ, Leung JM. An update on delirium in the postoperative setting: prevention, diagnosis and management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Sep; 26(3):327-43. PMID: 23040284.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Long LS, Shapiro WA, Leung JM. A brief review of practical preoperative cognitive screening tools. Can J Anaesth. 2012 Aug; 59(8):798-804. PMID: 22638676; PMCID: PMC3711831.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    19. Kinjo S, Lim E, Sands LP, Bozic KJ, Leung JM. Does using a femoral nerve block for total knee replacement decrease postoperative delirium? BMC Anesthesiol. 2012 Mar 10; 12:4. PMID: 22405052; PMCID: PMC3364862.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    20. Kinjo S, Sands LP, Lim E, Paul S, Leung JM. Prediction of postoperative pain using path analysis in older patients. J Anesth. 2012 Feb; 26(1):1-8. PMID: 22012171; PMCID: PMC3720127.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    21. Terrando N, Brzezinski M, Degos V, Eriksson LI, Kramer JH, Leung JM, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Vacas S, Weiner MW, Yaffe K, Young WL, Xie Z, Maze M. Perioperative cognitive decline in the aging population. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Sep; 86(9):885-93. PMID: 21878601; PMCID: PMC3257991.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    22. DeCrane SK, Sands L, Ashland M, Lim E, Tsai TL, Paul S, Leung JM. Factors associated with recovery from early postoperative delirium. J Perianesth Nurs. 2011 Aug; 26(4):231-41. PMID: 21803271; PMCID: PMC3148485.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    23. Leung JM, Tsai TL, Sands LP. Brief report: preoperative frailty in older surgical patients is associated with early postoperative delirium. Anesth Analg. 2011 May; 112(5):1199-201. PMID: 21372278; PMCID: PMC3081949.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    24. Leung JM. Postoperative delirium: are there modifiable risk factors? Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010 May; 27(5):403-5. PMID: 20386385.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Leung JM, Sands LP. Long-term cognitive decline: is there a link to surgery and anesthesia? Anesthesiology. 2009 Nov; 111(5):931-2. PMID: 19786857.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Leung JM, Sands LP, Paul S, Joseph T, Kinjo S, Tsai T. Does postoperative delirium limit the use of patient-controlled analgesia in older surgical patients? Anesthesiology. 2009 Sep; 111(3):625-31. PMID: 19672166; PMCID: PMC2762324.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    27. Leung JM, Sands LP, Wang Y, Poon A, Kwok PY, Kane JP, Pullinger CR. Apolipoprotein E e4 allele increases the risk of early postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2007 Sep; 107(3):406-11. PMID: 17721242.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Wang Y, Sands LP, Vaurio L, Mullen EA, Leung JM. The effects of postoperative pain and its management on postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007 Jan; 15(1):50-9. PMID: 17194815.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Nakai T, Chandy J, Nakai K, Bellows WH, Flachsbart K, Lee RJ, Leung JM. Histologic assessment of right atrial appendage myocardium in patients with atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cardiology. 2007; 108(2):90-6. PMID: 17008797.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Leung JM, Sands LP, Rico M, Petersen KL, Rowbotham MC, Dahl JB, Ames C, Chou D, Weinstein P. Pilot clinical trial of gabapentin to decrease postoperative delirium in older patients. Neurology. 2006 Oct 10; 67(7):1251-3. PMID: 16914695.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Leung JM, Sands LP, Vaurio LE, Wang Y. Nitrous oxide does not change the incidence of postoperative delirium or cognitive decline in elderly surgical patients. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Jun; 96(6):754-60. PMID: 16670110.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Vaurio LE, Sands LP, Wang Y, Mullen EA, Leung JM. Postoperative delirium: the importance of pain and pain management. Anesth Analg. 2006 Apr; 102(4):1267-73. PMID: 16551935.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Fong HK, Sands LP, Leung JM. The role of postoperative analgesia in delirium and cognitive decline in elderly patients: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2006 Apr; 102(4):1255-66. PMID: 16551934.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Leung JM, Sands LP, Mullen EA, Wang Y, Vaurio L. Are preoperative depressive symptoms associated with postoperative delirium in geriatric surgical patients? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005 Dec; 60(12):1563-8. PMID: 16424289.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Leung JM, Bellows WH, Schiller NB. Impairment of left atrial function predicts post-operative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Eur Heart J. 2004 Oct; 25(20):1836-44. PMID: 15474699.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Leung JM, Bellows WH, Pastor D. Does intraoperative evaluation of left ventricular contractile reserve predict myocardial viability? A clinical study using dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesth Analg. 2004 Sep; 99(3):647-54, table of contents. PMID: 15333387.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Chandy J, Nakai T, Lee RJ, Bellows WH, Dzankic S, Leung JM. Increases in P-wave dispersion predict postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesth Analg. 2004 Feb; 98(2):303-10, table of contents. PMID: 14742359.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Phillip B, Pastor D, Bellows W, Leung JM. The prevalence of preoperative diastolic filling abnormalities in geriatric surgical patients. Anesth Analg. 2003 Nov; 97(5):1214-21. PMID: 14570626.
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    39. Manku K, Bacchetti P, Leung JM. Prognostic significance of postoperative in-hospital complications in elderly patients. I. Long-term survival. Anesth Analg. 2003 Feb; 96(2):583-9, table of contents. PMID: 12538216.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Manku K, Leung JM. Prognostic significance of postoperative in-hospital complications in elderly patients. II. Long-term quality of life. Anesth Analg. 2003 Feb; 96(2):590-4, table of contents. PMID: 12538217.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Liu LL, Dzankic S, Leung JM. Preoperative electrocardiogram abnormalities do not predict postoperative cardiac complications in geriatric surgical patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Jul; 50(7):1186-91. PMID: 12133011.
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    42. Block M, Hourigan L, Bellows WH, Reeves J, Romson JL, Tran M, Pastor D, Schiller NB, Leung JM. Comparison of left atrial dimensions by transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2002 Feb; 15(2):143-9. PMID: 11836489.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Nakai T, Lee RJ, Schiller NB, Bellows WH, Dzankic S, Reeves J, Romson J, Ferguson S, Leung JM. The relative importance of left atrial function versus dimension in predicting atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Am Heart J. 2002 Jan; 143(1):181-6. PMID: 11773931.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Leung JM, Dzankic S, Manku K, Yuan S. The prevalence and predictors of the use of alternative medicine in presurgical patients in five California hospitals. Anesth Analg. 2001 Oct; 93(4):1062-8. PMID: 11574384.
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    45. Leung JM, Dzankic S. Relative importance of preoperative health status versus intraoperative factors in predicting postoperative adverse outcomes in geriatric surgical patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Aug; 49(8):1080-5. PMID: 11555070.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Dzankic S, Pastor D, Gonzalez C, Leung JM. The prevalence and predictive value of abnormal preoperative laboratory tests in elderly surgical patients. Anesth Analg. 2001 Aug; 93(2):301-8, 2nd contents page. PMID: 11473849.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Leung JM, Weiskopf RB, Feiner J, Hopf HW, Kelley S, Viele M, Lieberman J, Watson J, Noorani M, Pastor D, Yeap H, Ho R, Toy P. Electrocardiographic ST-segment changes during acute, severe isovolemic hemodilution in humans. Anesthesiology. 2000 Oct; 93(4):1004-10. PMID: 11020755.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Liu LL, Leung JM. Predicting adverse postoperative outcomes in patients aged 80 years or older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Apr; 48(4):405-12. PMID: 10798467.
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    49. Lieberman JA, Weiskopf RB, Kelley SD, Feiner J, Noorani M, Leung J, Toy P, Viele M. Critical oxygen delivery in conscious humans is less than 7.3 ml O2 x kg(-1) x min(-1). Anesthesiology. 2000 Feb; 92(2):407-13. PMID: 10691227.
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    50. Romson JL, Leung JM, Bellows WH, Bronstein M, Keith F, Moores W, Flachsbart K, Richter R, Pastor D, Fisher DM. Effects of dobutamine on hemodynamics and left ventricular performance after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgical patients. Anesthesiology. 1999 Nov; 91(5):1318-28. PMID: 10551583.
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    51. Leung JM, Voskanian A, Bellows WH, Pastor D. Automated electrocardiograph ST segment trending monitors: accuracy in detecting myocardial ischemia. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jul; 87(1):4-10. PMID: 9661536.
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    52. Leung JM, Pastor DA. Dissociation between haemodynamics and sympathetic activation during anaesthetic induction with desfluranes. Can J Anaesth. 1998 Jun; 45(6):533-40. PMID: 9669006.
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    53. Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, Kelley S, Lieberman J, Noorani M, Leung JM, Fisher DM, Murray WR, Toy P, Moore MA. Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. JAMA. 1998 Jan 21; 279(3):217-21. PMID: 9438742.
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    54. Bergquist BD, Bellows WH, Leung JM. Transesophageal echocardiography in myocardial revascularization: II. Influence on intraoperative decision making. Anesth Analg. 1996 Jun; 82(6):1139-45. PMID: 8638781.
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    55. Bergquist BD, Leung JM, Bellows WH. Transesophageal echocardiography in myocardial revascularization: I. Accuracy of intraoperative real-time interpretation. Anesth Analg. 1996 Jun; 82(6):1132-8. PMID: 8638780.
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    56. Effects of acadesine on the incidence of myocardial infarction and adverse cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1995 Oct; 83(4):658-73. PMID: 7574044.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Talke P, Li J, Jain U, Leung J, Drasner K, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT. Effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion in patients undergoing vascular surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1995 Mar; 82(3):620-33. PMID: 7879930.
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    58. Leung JM, Levine EH. Left ventricular end-systolic cavity obliteration as an estimate of intraoperative hypovolemia. Anesthesiology. 1994 Nov; 81(5):1102-9. PMID: 7978468.
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    59. Hennein HA, Ebba H, Rodriguez JL, Merrick SH, Keith FM, Bronstein MH, Leung JM, Mangano DT, Greenfield LJ, Rankin JS. Relationship of the proinflammatory cytokines to myocardial ischemia and dysfunction after uncomplicated coronary revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Oct; 108(4):626-35. PMID: 7934095.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Leung JM, Landow L, Franks M, Soja-Strzepa D, Heard SO, Arieff AI, Mangano DT. Safety and efficacy of intravenous Carbicarb in patients undergoing surgery: comparison with sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of mild metabolic acidosis. SPI Research Group. Study of Perioperative Ischemia. Crit Care Med. 1994 Oct; 22(10):1540-9. PMID: 7924363.
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    61. Leung JM, Stanley T, Mathew J, Curling P, Barash P, Salmenpera M, Reves JG, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT. An initial multicenter, randomized controlled trial on the safety and efficacy of acadesine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. SPI Research Group. Anesth Analg. 1994 Mar; 78(3):420-34. PMID: 7818622.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Mark NH, Leung JM, Arieff AI, Mangano DT. Safety of low-dose intraoperative bicarbonate therapy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Crit Care Med. 1993 May; 21(5):659-65. PMID: 8386997.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Leung JM. Clinical evidence of myocardial stunning in patients undergoing CABG surgery. J Card Surg. 1993 Mar; 8(2 Suppl):220-3. PMID: 8461506.
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    64. Leung JM, Hollenberg M, O'Kelly BF, Kao A, Mangano DT. Effects of steal-prone anatomy on intraoperative myocardial ischemia. The SPI Research Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992 Nov 01; 20(5):1205-12. PMID: 1401623.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Eisenberg MJ, London MJ, Leung JM, Browner WS, Hollenberg M, Tubau JF, Tateo IM, Schiller NB, Mangano DT. Monitoring for myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery. A technology assessment of transesophageal echocardiography and 12-lead electrocardiography. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. JAMA. 1992 Jul 08; 268(2):210-6. PMID: 1608139.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Helman JD, Leung JM, Bellows WH, Pineda N, Roach GW, Reeves JD, Howse J, McEnany MT, Mangano DT. The risk of myocardial ischemia in patients receiving desflurane versus sufentanil anesthesia for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The S.P.I. Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1992 Jul; 77(1):47-62. PMID: 1535185.
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    67. Mangano DT, Siliciano D, Hollenberg M, Leung JM, Browner WS, Goehner P, Merrick S, Verrier E. Postoperative myocardial ischemia. Therapeutic trials using intensive analgesia following surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1992 Mar; 76(3):342-53. PMID: 1531742.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Smith RC, Leung JM, Keith FM, Merrick S, Mangano DT. Ventricular dysrhythmias in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: incidence, characteristics, and prognostic importance. Study of Perioperative Ischemia (SPI) Research Group. Am Heart J. 1992 Jan; 123(1):73-81. PMID: 1370363.
      View in: PubMed
    69. Leung JM. The role of hemodynamics in perioperative myocardial ischemia. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1992; 30(1):63-79. PMID: 1577543.
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    70. Leung JM, Goehner P, O'Kelly BF, Hollenberg M, Pineda N, Cason BA, Mangano DT. Isoflurane anesthesia and myocardial ischemia: comparative risk versus sufentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The SPI (Study of Perioperative Ischemia) Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1991 May; 74(5):838-47. PMID: 1826989.
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    71. Smith RC, Leung JM, Mangano DT. Postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. S.P.I. Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1991 Mar; 74(3):464-73. PMID: 2001026.
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    72. Leung JM, O'Kelly BF, Mangano DT. Relationship of regional wall motion abnormalities to hemodynamic indices of myocardial oxygen supply and demand in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Anesthesiology. 1990 Nov; 73(5):802-14. PMID: 2240670.
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    73. Leung JM, O'Kelly B, Browner WS, Tubau J, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT. Prognostic importance of postbypass regional wall-motion abnormalities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. SPI Research Group. Anesthesiology. 1989 Jul; 71(1):16-25. PMID: 2787609.
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    74. Leung JM, Schiller NB, Mangano DT. Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function. Int J Card Imaging. 1989; 5(1):63-70. PMID: 2693536.
      View in: PubMed
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