Philip Bickler, MD, PhD

Title(s)Professor, Anesthesia
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address513 Parnassus Ave, MSB, #256A
San Francisco CA 94117
Phone415-476-1411
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    University of California, San FranciscoResidency School of Medicine
    University of California, San Francisco, CA2019Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Global Health Equity

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    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Intracellular signaling in anesthetic and hypoxic preconditioning of neurons
    NIH R01GM052212Aug 1, 1994 - Feb 28, 2012
    Role: Principal Investigator
    BRAIN ION CHANNEL REGULATION IN ANOXIA AND ANESTHESIA
    NIH R29GM052212Aug 1, 1994 - Jul 31, 2000
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Clinical Trials

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. The performance of 11 fingertip pulse oximeters during hypoxemia in healthy human participants with varied, quantified skin pigment. EBioMedicine. 2024 Mar 07; 102:105051. Leeb G, Auchus I, Law T, Bickler P, Feiner J, Hashi S, Monk E, Igaga E, Bernstein M, Chou YC, Hughes C, Schornack D, Lester J, Moore K, Okunlola O, Fernandez J, Shmuylovich L, Lipnick M. PMID: 38458110.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Low Perfusion and Missed Diagnosis of Hypoxemia by Pulse Oximetry in Darkly Pigmented Skin: A Prospective Study. Anesth Analg. 2024 Mar 01; 138(3):552-561. Gudelunas MK, Lipnick M, Hendrickson C, Vanderburg S, Okunlola B, Auchus I, Feiner JR, Bickler PE. PMID: 38109495.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Searching for molecular hypoxia sensors among oxygen-dependent enzymes. Elife. 2023 07 26; 12. Li L, Shen S, Bickler P, Jacobson MP, Wu LF, Altschuler SJ. PMID: 37494095; PMCID: PMC10371230.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Mismatched opioid prescription in patients discharged after neurological surgeries: a retrospective cohort study. Pain. 2023 Nov 01; 164(11):2615-2621. Campbell LJ, Mummaneni PV, Letchuman V, Langnas E, Agarwal N, Guan LS, Croci R, Vargas E, Reisner L, Bickler P, Chou D, Chang E, Guan Z. PMID: 37326642.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    5. Quantifying pulse oximeter accuracy during hypoxemia and severe anemia using an in vitro circulation system. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023 12; 37(6):1441-1449. Gylys R, Feiner J, Pologe J, Delianides T, Sutter S, Bickler P, Lipnick MS. PMID: 37266710; PMCID: PMC10651532.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Neuromuscular Weakness and Paralysis Produced by Snakebite Envenoming: Mechanisms and Proposed Standards for Clinical Assessment. Toxins (Basel). 2023 01 06; 15(1). Bickler PE, Abouyannis M, Bhalla A, Lewin MR. PMID: 36668869; PMCID: PMC9861841.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Bilateral Superficial Trigeminal Nerve Blocks are not More Effective than a Placebo in Abolishing Post-operative Headache Pain in Pituitary Transsphenoidal Neurosurgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Doubleblinded Clinical Trial. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2023; 18(3):228-237. Srejic U, Litonius E, Gandhi S, Talke P, Maties O, Siegmueller C, Magsaysay A, Hasen D, Kunwar S, Seth R, Gibson L, Bickler P. PMID: 36843368; PMCID: PMC10514508.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    8. Pulse Oximeter Bias and Inequities in Retrospective Studies--Now What? Respir Care. 2022 12; 67(12):1633-1636. Moore KL, Gudelunas K, Lipnick MS, Bickler PE, Hendrickson CM. PMID: 36442988.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Varespladib in the Treatment of Snakebite Envenoming: Development History and Preclinical Evidence Supporting Advancement to Clinical Trials in Patients Bitten by Venomous Snakes. Toxins (Basel). 2022 Nov 11; 14(11). Lewin MR, Carter RW, Matteo IA, Samuel SP, Rao S, Fry BG, Bickler PE. PMID: 36422958; PMCID: PMC9695340.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. A novel approach for the detection of cognitive impairment and delirium risk in older patients undergoing spine surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Jan; 71(1):227-234. Barreto Chang OL, Whitlock EL, Arias AD, Tsoy E, Allen IE, Hellman J, Bickler PE, Miller B, Possin KL. PMID: 36125032; PMCID: PMC9870968.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. The Pulse Oximeter Is Amazing, but Not Perfect. Anesthesiology. 2022 05 01; 136(5):670-671. Bickler P, Tremper KK. PMID: 35303063.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    
    12. Neuroanatomical Basis for the Orexinergic Modulation of Anesthesia Arousal and Pain Control. Front Cell Neurosci. 2022; 16:891631. Xiang X, Chen Y, Li KX, Fang J, Bickler PE, Guan Z, Zhou W. PMID: 35558876; PMCID: PMC9090436.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    13. Pulse Oximeter Performance, Racial Inequity, and the Work Ahead. Respir Care. 2022 02; 67(2):252-257. Okunlola OE, Lipnick MS, Batchelder PB, Bernstein M, Feiner JR, Bickler PE. PMID: 34772785.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. John W. Severinghaus, M.D., 1922 to 2021. Anesthesiology. 2021 10 01; 135(4):555-557. Bickler PE, Hornbein T, Saidman LJ. PMID: 34499145.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Association between tissue oxygenation and myocardial injury in patients undergoing major spine surgery: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021 09 17; 11(9):e044342. Bernholm KF, Meyhoff CS, Bickler P. PMID: 34535471; PMCID: PMC8451303.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Extremes of age are associated with differences in the expression of selected pattern recognition receptor genes and ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2: implications for the epidemiology of COVID-19 disease. BMC Med Genomics. 2021 05 24; 14(1):138. Bickler SW, Cauvi DM, Fisch KM, Prieto JM, Sykes AG, Thangarajah H, Lazar DA, Ignacio RC, Gerstmann DR, Ryan AF, Bickler PE, De Maio A. PMID: 34030677; PMCID: PMC8142073.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    17. Accuracy of Samsung Smartphone Integrated Pulse Oximetry Meets Full FDA Clearance Standards for Clinical Use. medRxiv. 2021 Feb 18. Browne SH, Bernstein M, Bickler PE. PMID: 33619504; PMCID: PMC7899474.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2  
    18. "Silent" Presentation of Hypoxemia and Cardiorespiratory Compensation in COVID-19. Anesthesiology. 2021 02 01; 134(2):262-269. Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, McKleroy W. PMID: 32970134; PMCID: PMC7523476.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    19. Amplification of Snake Venom Toxicity by Endogenous Signaling Pathways. Toxins (Basel). 2020 01 22; 12(2). Bickler PE. PMID: 31979014; PMCID: PMC7076764.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    20. Intraoperative physiological ranges associated with improved outcomes after major spine surgery: an observational study. BMJ Open. 2019 05 28; 9(5):e025337. Li G, Lin L, Xiao J, Rosenbaum S, Bickler P, Meng L. PMID: 31142521; PMCID: PMC6549674.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Delayed LY333013 (Oral) and LY315920 (Intravenous) Reverse Severe Neurotoxicity and Rescue Juvenile Pigs from Lethal Doses of Micrurus fulvius (Eastern Coral Snake) Venom. Toxins (Basel). 2018 Nov 17; 10(11). Lewin MR, Gilliam LL, Gilliam J, Samuel SP, Bulfone TC, Bickler PE, Gutiérrez JM. PMID: 30453607; PMCID: PMC6265968.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    22. Activation of orexin system facilitates anesthesia emergence and pain control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 11 06; 115(45):E10740-E10747. Zhou W, Cheung K, Kyu S, Wang L, Guan Z, Kurien PA, Bickler PE, Jan LY. PMID: 30348769; PMCID: PMC6233126.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    23. Delayed Oral LY333013 Rescues Mice from Highly Neurotoxic, Lethal Doses of Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Venom. Toxins (Basel). 2018 09 20; 10(10). Lewin MR, Gutiérrez JM, Samuel SP, Herrera M, Bryan-Quirós W, Lomonte B, Bickler PE, Bulfone TC, Williams DJ. PMID: 30241297; PMCID: PMC6215158.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    24. Response to Burtscher re: "Increased Cytokines at High Altitude: Lack of Effect of Ibuprofen on Acute Mountain Sickness, Physiological Variables, or Cytokine Levels". High Alt Med Biol. 2018 09; 19(3):304-305. Bickler P, Feiner JR, Lundeberg J. PMID: 30239230.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Developing Small Molecule Therapeutics for the Initial and Adjunctive Treatment of Snakebite. J Trop Med. 2018; 2018:4320175. Bulfone TC, Samuel SP, Bickler PE, Lewin MR. PMID: 30154870; PMCID: PMC6091453.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29  
    26. Increased Cytokines at High Altitude: Lack of Effect of Ibuprofen on Acute Mountain Sickness, Physiological Variables, or Cytokine Levels. High Alt Med Biol. 2018 Sep; 19(3):249-258. Lundeberg J, Feiner JR, Schober A, Sall JW, Eilers H, Bickler PE. PMID: 29924642.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Four Types of Pulse Oximeters Accurately Detect Hypoxia during Low Perfusion and Motion. Anesthesiology. 2018 03; 128(3):520-530. Louie A, Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Rhodes L, Bernstein M, Lucero J. PMID: 29200008.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Comparison of Transcranial Doppler and Ultrasound-Tagged Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Relative Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow in Human Subjects. Anesth Analg. 2018 02; 126(2):579-587. Lipnick MS, Cahill EA, Feiner JR, Bickler PE. PMID: 29189269.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Effects of Changes in Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Partial Pressures on Cerebral Oximeter Performance. Anesthesiology. 2018 01; 128(1):97-108. Schober A, Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Rollins MD. PMID: 29084012.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Reduction in N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor-mediated Cell Death in Hippocampal Neurons by Glucose Reduction Preconditioning. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2017 Oct; 29(4):448-457. Yang N, Gabatto P, Bickler PE. PMID: 28368913.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    31. Little Black Boxes: Noncardiac Implantable Electronic Medical Devices and Their Anesthetic and Surgical Implications. Anesth Analg. 2017 07; 125(1):124-138. Srejic U, Larson P, Bickler PE. PMID: 28489640.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Interaction of Isoflurane, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and β-Amyloid on Long-term Potentiation in Rat Hippocampal Slices. Anesth Analg. 2017 02; 124(2):582-587. Zhou R, Bickler P. PMID: 28099324.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    33. Tissue Oximetry and Clinical Outcomes. Anesth Analg. 2017 01; 124(1):72-82. Bickler P, Feiner J, Rollins M, Meng L. PMID: 27308951.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Effects of Acute, Profound Hypoxia on Healthy Humans: Implications for Safety of Tests Evaluating Pulse Oximetry or Tissue Oximetry Performance. Anesth Analg. 2017 01; 124(1):146-153. Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, Batchelder P, MacLeod DB, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 27529318.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    35. Trends and Challenges in Clinical Monitoring: Papers From the 2015 IAMPOV Symposium. Anesth Analg. 2017 01; 124(1):2-3. Bickler PE, Cannesson M, Shelley KH. PMID: 27551739.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Varespladib (LY315920) Appears to Be a Potent, Broad-Spectrum, Inhibitor of Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 and a Possible Pre-Referral Treatment for Envenomation. Toxins (Basel). 2016 08 25; 8(9). Lewin M, Samuel S, Merkel J, Bickler P. PMID: 27571102; PMCID: PMC5037474.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 85     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    37. The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration: The Possible Global Public Health Implications. Anesth Analg. 2016 08; 123(2):338-45. Lipnick MS, Feiner JR, Au P, Bernstein M, Bickler PE. PMID: 27089002.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    38. Enough Information to Evaluate Clinical Monitors? Anesth Analg. 2016 07; 123(1):254-5. Bickler PE. PMID: 27314698.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    39. The Accuracy of Pulse Spectroscopy for Detecting Hypoxemia and Coexisting Methemoglobin or Carboxyhemoglobin. Anesth Analg. 2016 06; 122(6):1856-65. Kulcke A, Feiner J, Menn I, Holmer A, Hayoz J, Bickler P. PMID: 27111642.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Hypoxic preconditioning and cell death from oxygen/glucose deprivation co-opt a subset of the unfolded protein response in hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience. 2015 Dec 03; 310:306-21. Bickler PE, Clark JP, Gabatto P, Brosnan H. PMID: 26404874.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    41. Early Treatment with Intranasal Neostigmine Reduces Mortality in a Mouse Model of Naja naja (Indian Cobra) Envenomation. J Trop Med. 2014; 2014:131835. Lewin MR, Samuel SP, Wexler DS, Bickler P, Vaiyapuri S, Mensh BD. PMID: 24955095; PMCID: PMC4052076.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    42. Limitations of Mild, Moderate, and Profound Hypothermia in Protecting Developing Hippocampal Neurons After Simulated Ischemia. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag. 2013 Dec 01; 3(4):178-188. Gregersen M, Lee DH, Gabatto P, Bickler PE. PMID: 24380031; PMCID: PMC3868300.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    
    43. Factors affecting the performance of 5 cerebral oximeters during hypoxia in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg. 2013 Oct; 117(4):813-823. Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Rollins MD. PMID: 24023027.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 64     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. Accuracy of the Lifebox pulse oximeter during hypoxia in healthy volunteers. Anaesthesia. 2013 Dec; 68(12):1220-3. Dubowitz G, Breyer K, Lipnick M, Sall JW, Feiner J, Ikeda K, MacLeod DB, Bickler PE. PMID: 23992483.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. Xenon neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal slice cultures is similar to isoflurane and sevoflurane. Anesthesiology. 2013 Aug; 119(2):335-44. Brosnan H, Bickler PE. PMID: 23591069.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    46. Reversal of experimental paralysis in a human by intranasal neostigmine aerosol suggests a novel approach to the early treatment of neurotoxic envenomation. Clin Case Rep. 2013 Oct; 1(1):7-15. Lewin MR, Bickler P, Heier T, Feiner J, Montauk L, Mensh B. PMID: 25356201; PMCID: PMC4184533.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    47. Accuracy of carboxyhemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxemia. Anesth Analg. 2013 Oct; 117(4):847-858. Feiner JR, Rollins MD, Sall JW, Eilers H, Au P, Bickler PE. PMID: 23477959; PMCID: PMC4476500.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. Propofol at clinically relevant concentrations increases neuronal differentiation but is not toxic to hippocampal neural precursor cells in vitro. Anesthesiology. 2012 Nov; 117(5):1080-90. Sall JW, Stratmann G, Leong J, Woodward E, Bickler PE. PMID: 23001052; PMCID: PMC3483886.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    49. Anesthetic protection of neurons injured by hypothermia and rewarming: roles of intracellular Ca2+ and excitotoxicity. Anesthesiology. 2012 Aug; 117(2):280-92. Bickler PE, Warren DE, Clark JP, Gabatto P, Gregersen M, Brosnan H. PMID: 22728782; PMCID: PMC3428020.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    50. Delayed environmental enrichment reverses sevoflurane-induced memory impairment in rats. Anesthesiology. 2012 Mar; 116(3):586-602. Shih J, May LD, Gonzalez HE, Lee EW, Alvi RS, Sall JW, Rau V, Bickler PE, Lalchandani GR, Yusupova M, Woodward E, Kang H, Wilk AJ, Carlston CM, Mendoza MV, Guggenheim JN, Schaefer M, Rowe AM, Stratmann G. PMID: 22354242; PMCID: PMC4146425.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 64     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    51. The emergence level of the musculocutaneous nerve from the brachial plexus: implications for infraclavicular nerve blocks. Anesth Analg. 2012 May; 114(5):1131-3. Pianezza A, Salces y Nedeo A, Chaynes P, Bickler PE, Minville V. PMID: 22312122.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Hypothermia and rewarming injury in hippocampal neurons involve intracellular Ca2+ and glutamate excitotoxicity. Neuroscience. 2012 Apr 05; 207:316-25. Warren DE, Bickler PE, Clark JP, Gregersen M, Brosnan H, McKleroy W, Gabatto P. PMID: 22265728.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. Hypoxic preconditioning failure in aging hippocampal neurons: impaired gene expression and rescue with intracellular calcium chelation. J Neurosci Res. 2010 Dec; 88(16):3520-9. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Gray JJ. PMID: 20936695.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    54. Improved accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2010 Nov; 111(5):1160-7. Feiner JR, Bickler PE. PMID: 20841412.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    55. Enhanced hypoxic preconditioning by isoflurane: signaling gene expression and requirement of intracellular Ca2+ and inositol triphosphate receptors. Brain Res. 2010 Jun 22; 1340:86-95. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS. PMID: 20434434; PMCID: PMC3478070.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    56. Antifreeze protein suppresses spontaneous neural activity and protects neurons from hypothermia/re-warming injury. Neurosci Res. 2010 Jul; 67(3):256-9. Rubinsky L, Raichman N, Lavee J, Frenk H, Ben-Jacob E, Bickler PE. PMID: 20398707.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    57. Isoflurane does not affect brain cell death, hippocampal neurogenesis, or long-term neurocognitive outcome in aged rats. Anesthesiology. 2010 Feb; 112(2):305-15. Stratmann G, Sall JW, Bell JS, Alvi RS, May Ld, Ku B, Dowlatshahi M, Dai R, Bickler PE, Russell I, Lee MT, Hrubos MW, Chiu C. PMID: 20098132; PMCID: PMC5214622.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    58. Erythropoietin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in in vitro models of neonatal stroke. Neurobiol Dis. 2010 May; 38(2):259-65. Osredkar D, Sall JW, Bickler PE, Ferriero DM. PMID: 20117210; PMCID: PMC2854222.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    59. Accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2010 Jul; 111(1):143-8. Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Mannheimer PD. PMID: 20007731.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    60. Expression of signal transduction genes differs after hypoxic or isoflurane preconditioning of rat hippocampal slice cultures. Anesthesiology. 2009 Aug; 111(2):258-66. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS. PMID: 19568165; PMCID: PMC3478094.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    61. Consensus statement: First International Workshop on Anesthetics and Alzheimer's disease. Anesth Analg. 2009 May; 108(5):1627-30. Baranov D, Bickler PE, Crosby GJ, Culley DJ, Eckenhoff MF, Eckenhoff RG, Hogan KJ, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Palotás A, Perouansky M, Planel E, Silverstein JH, Wei H, Whittington RA, Xie Z, Zuo Z, First International Workshop on Anesthetics and Alzheimer's Disease. PMID: 19372347; PMCID: PMC2769511.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 50     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    62. Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors and NAD(P)H mediate Ca2+ signaling required for hypoxic preconditioning of hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience. 2009 Apr 21; 160(1):51-60. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Gray J, McKleroy W. PMID: 19217932; PMCID: PMC2684521.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    63. Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii) hippocampal neurons tolerate prolonged oxygen-glucose deprivation and maintain baseline ERK1/2 and JNK activation despite drastic ATP loss. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Jul; 28(7):1307-19. Christian SL, Ross AP, Zhao HW, Kristenson HJ, Zhan X, Rasley BT, Bickler PE, Drew KL. PMID: 18398417; PMCID: PMC2792705.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    64. Dark skin decreases the accuracy of pulse oximeters at low oxygen saturation: the effects of oximeter probe type and gender. Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec; 105(6 Suppl):S18-S23. Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW, Bickler PE. PMID: 18048893.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 108     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    65. Hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability. Annu Rev Physiol. 2007; 69:145-70. Bickler PE, Buck LT. PMID: 17037980.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 170     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    66. Bleeding complications from femoral and sciatic nerve catheters in patients receiving low molecular weight heparin. Anesth Analg. 2006 Oct; 103(4):1036-7. Bickler P, Brandes J, Lee M, Bozic K, Chesbro B, Claassen J. PMID: 17000826.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    67. The inhaled anesthetic, isoflurane, enhances Ca2+-dependent survival signaling in cortical neurons and modulates MAP kinases, apoptosis proteins and transcription factors during hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2006 Aug; 103(2):419-29, table of contents. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS. PMID: 16861427.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    68. Isoflurane neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices decreases with aging: changes in intracellular Ca2+ regulation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx. Anesthesiology. 2006 May; 104(5):995-1003. Zhan X, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE. PMID: 16645452.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    69. Improvised cricothyrotomy provides reliable airway access in an unembalmed human cadaver model. Wilderness Environ Med. 2006; 17(2):81-6. Platts-Mills TF, Lewin MR, Wells J, Bickler P. PMID: 16805143.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    70. Isoflurane preconditions hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation: role of intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Anesthesiology. 2005 Sep; 103(3):532-9. Bickler PE, Zhan X, Fahlman CS. PMID: 16129978.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 45     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    71. Effects of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy at low saturation. Anesthesiology. 2005 Apr; 102(4):715-9. Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 15791098.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 91     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    72. Isoflurane neuroprotection in hypoxic hippocampal slice cultures involves increases in intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Anesthesiology. 2005 Mar; 102(3):606-15. Gray JJ, Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Zhan X, Schuyler JA. PMID: 15731600.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    73. Intracellular calcium and survival of tadpole forebrain cells in anoxia. J Exp Biol. 2005 Feb; 208(Pt 4):681-6. Hedrick MS, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE. PMID: 15695760.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    74. Protective effects of TASK-3 (KCNK9) and related 2P K channels during cellular stress. Brain Res. 2005 Jan 21; 1031(2):164-73. Liu C, Cotten JF, Schuyler JA, Fahlman CS, Au JD, Bickler PE, Yost CS. PMID: 15649441.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    75. Mild hypothermia, but not propofol, is neuroprotective in organotypic hippocampal cultures. Anesth Analg. 2005 Jan; 100(1):215-225. Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Estrada S, Donohoe PH, Fahlman CS, Schuyler JA. PMID: 15616081.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    76. Clinical perspectives: neuroprotection lessons from hypoxia-tolerant organisms. J Exp Biol. 2004 Aug; 207(Pt 18):3243-9. Bickler PE. PMID: 15299045.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    77. Falsely low pulse oximetry values in patients receiving docetaxel (Taxotere). Anesth Analg. 2004 Aug; 99(2):622-3. Paige M, Bickler PE. PMID: 15271755.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    78. Hypoxia increases calcium flux through cortical neuron glutamate receptors via protein kinase C. J Neurochem. 2004 Feb; 88(4):878-84. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Ferriero DM. PMID: 14756808.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    79. Moderate increases in intracellular calcium activate neuroprotective signals in hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience. 2004; 127(3):673-83. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS. PMID: 15283966.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    80. gamma-Aminobutyric acid-A receptors contribute to isoflurane neuroprotection in organotypic hippocampal cultures. Anesth Analg. 2003 Aug; 97(2):564-571. Bickler PE, Warner DS, Stratmann G, Schuyler JA. PMID: 12873954.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    81. Oxygen sensitivity of NMDA receptors: relationship to NR2 subunit composition and hypoxia tolerance of neonatal neurons. Neuroscience. 2003; 118(1):25-35. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Taylor DM. PMID: 12676134.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    82. Activation of the neuroprotective ERK signaling pathway by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during hypoxia involves intracellular Ca2+ and phospholipase C. Brain Res. 2002 Dec 20; 958(1):43-51. Fahlman CS, Bickler PE, Sullivan B, Gregory GA. PMID: 12468029.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    83. Comparison of the effects of cyclosporin a on the metabolism of perfused rat brain slices during normoxia and hypoxia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002 Mar; 22(3):342-52. Serkova N, Donohoe P, Gottschalk S, Hainz C, Niemann CU, Bickler PE, Litt L, Benet LZ, Leibfritz D, Christians U. PMID: 11891440.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    84. Isoflurane prevents delayed cell death in an organotypic slice culture model of cerebral ischemia. Anesthesiology. 2002 Jan; 96(1):189-95. Sullivan BL, Leu D, Taylor DM, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE. PMID: 11753020.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    85. Neuroprotection and intracellular Ca2+ modulation with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during in vitro hypoxia-ischemia involves phospholipase C-dependent signaling. Brain Res. 2001 Nov 02; 917(2):158-66. Donohoe PH, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE, Vexler ZS, Gregory GA. PMID: 11640901.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    86. The reversal of fentanyl-induced tolerance by administration of "small-dose" ketamine. Anesth Analg. 2001 Jul; 93(1):213-4. Eilers H, Philip LA, Bickler PE, McKay WR, Schumacher MA. PMID: 11429368.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    87. Effects of neuroprotective cocktails on hippocampal neuron death in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2001 Jan; 13(1):19-25. Liniger R, Popovic R, Sullivan B, Gregory G, Bickler PE. PMID: 11145473.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    88. Hypoxia-induced silencing of NMDA receptors in turtle neurons. J Neurosci. 2000 May 15; 20(10):3522-8. Bickler PE, Donohoe PH, Buck LT. PMID: 10804192; PMCID: PMC6772670.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    89. Anesthetics and mild hypothermia similarly prevent hippocampal neuron death in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia. Anesthesiology. 2000 May; 92(5):1343-9. Popovic R, Liniger R, Bickler PE. PMID: 10781280.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    90. Halothane, but not the nonimmobilizers perfluoropentane and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane, depresses synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons in rats. Anesth Analg. 1999 Oct; 89(4):1040-5. Taylor DM, Eger EI, Bickler PE. PMID: 10512287.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    91. Different effects of volatile anesthetics and polyhalogenated alkanes on depolarization-evoked glutamate release in rat cortical brain slices. Anesth Analg. 1999 May; 88(5):1168-74. Eilers H, Kindler CH, Bickler PE. PMID: 10320189.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    92. Volatile anesthetics increase intracellular calcium in cerebrocortical and hippocampal neurons. Anesthesiology. 1999 Apr; 90(4):1137-45. Kindler CH, Eilers H, Donohoe P, Ozer S, Bickler PE. PMID: 10201687.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    93. Reversible decreases in ATP and PCr concentrations in anoxic turtle brain. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 1998 Aug; 120(4):633-9. Buck L, Espanol M, Litt L, Bickler P. PMID: 9828395.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    94. Reduction of NMDA receptor activity in cerebrocortex of turtles (Chrysemys picta) during 6 wk of anoxia. Am J Physiol. 1998 07; 275(1):R86-91. Bickler PE. PMID: 9688964.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    95. Adaptations of vertebrate neurons to hypoxia and anoxia: maintaining critical Ca2+ concentrations. J Exp Biol. 1998 Apr; 201(Pt 8):1141-52. Bickler PE, Buck LT. PMID: 9510526.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    96. Hypoxia-tolerant neonatal CA1 neurons: relationship of survival to evoked glutamate release and glutamate receptor-mediated calcium changes in hippocampal slices. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1998 Mar 12; 106(1-2):57-69. Bickler PE, Hansen BM. PMID: 9554954.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    97. Dual effects of anandamide on NMDA receptor-mediated responses and neurotransmission. J Neurochem. 1998 Feb; 70(2):671-6. Hampson AJ, Bornheim LM, Scanziani M, Yost CS, Gray AT, Hansen BM, Leonoudakis DJ, Bickler PE. PMID: 9453561.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 48     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    98. Adenosine and anoxia reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor open probability in turtle cerebrocortex. J Exp Biol. 1998 Jan; 201(Pt 2):289-97. Buck LT, Bickler PE. PMID: 9405320.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    99. Functional deactivation of the major neuronal nicotinic receptor caused by nicotine and a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Dec; 52(6):1105-12. Eilers H, Schaeffer E, Bickler PE, Forsayeth JR. PMID: 9415721.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    100. Interactive effects of pH and temperature on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in rat cortical brain slices. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1997 Apr; 9(2):180-7. Gray AT, Buck LT, Feiner JR, Bickler PE. PMID: 9100191.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    101. Effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on glutamate release and ATP loss from rat brain slices during hypoxia. J Neurochem. 1996 Oct; 67(4):1463-8. Bickler PE, Buck LT. PMID: 8858928.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    102. Hypothermia and isoflurane similarly inhibit glutamate release evoked by chemical anoxia in rat cortical brain slices. Anesthesiology. 1996 Sep; 85(3):600-7. Eilers H, Bickler PE. PMID: 8853091.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    103. Effects of dexmedetomidine on hypoxia-evoked glutamate release and glutamate receptor activity in hippocampal slices. Anesthesiology. 1996 Sep; 85(3):551-7. Talke P, Bickler PE. PMID: 8853085.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    104. Pulmonary hemodynamic response to exercise in subjects with prior high-altitude pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Aug; 81(2):911-21. Eldridge MW, Podolsky A, Richardson RS, Johnson DH, Knight DR, Johnson EC, Hopkins SR, Michimata H, Grassi B, Feiner J, Kurdak SS, Bickler PE, Wagner PD, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 8872663.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    105. Exercise-induced VA/Q inequality in subjects with prior high-altitude pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Aug; 81(2):922-32. Podolsky A, Eldridge MW, Richardson RS, Knight DR, Johnson EC, Hopkins SR, Johnson DH, Michimata H, Grassi B, Feiner J, Kurdak SS, Bickler PE, Severinghaus JW, Wagner PD. PMID: 8872664.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    106. Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists reduce glutamate release and glutamate receptor-mediated calcium changes in hippocampal slices during hypoxia. Neuropharmacology. 1996 Jun; 35(6):679-87. Bickler PE, Hansen BM. PMID: 8887976.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    107. Volatile and intravenous anesthetics decrease glutamate release from cortical brain slices during anoxia. Anesthesiology. 1995 Dec; 83(6):1233-40. Bickler PE, Buck LT, Feiner JR. PMID: 8533916.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    108. Role of adenosine in NMDA receptor modulation in the cerebral cortex of an anoxia-tolerant turtle (Chrysemys picta belli). J Exp Biol. 1995 Jul; 198(Pt 7):1621-8. Buck LT, Bickler PE. PMID: 7658192.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    109. Hypoxic ventilatory response predicts the extent of maximal breath-holds in man. Respir Physiol. 1995 Jun; 100(3):213-22. Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 7481110.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    110. Causes of calcium accumulation in rat cortical brain slices during hypoxia and ischemia: role of ion channels and membrane damage. Brain Res. 1994 Dec 05; 665(2):269-76. Bickler PE, Hansen BM. PMID: 7534604.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    111. Effects of isoflurane and hypothermia on glutamate receptor-mediated calcium influx in brain slices. Anesthesiology. 1994 Dec; 81(6):1461-9. Bickler PE, Buck LT, Hansen BM. PMID: 7992916.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    112. Time course of augmentation and depression of hypoxic ventilatory responses at altitude. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994 Jul; 77(1):313-6. Sato M, Severinghaus JW, Bickler P. PMID: 7961252.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsCTClinical Trials
    113. Activation of brain acetylcholine receptors by neuromuscular blocking drugs. A possible mechanism of neurotoxicity. Anesthesiology. 1994 May; 80(5):1155-61; discussion 29A. Cardone C, Szenohradszky J, Yost S, Bickler PE. PMID: 7912481.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    114. Influence of pH on calcium influx during hypoxia in rat cortical brain slices. Stroke. 1994 Jan; 25(1):171-7. O'Donnell BR, Bickler PE. PMID: 8266367.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    115. Developmental changes in intracellular calcium regulation in rat cerebral cortex during hypoxia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1993 Sep; 13(5):811-9. Bickler PE, Gallego SM, Hansen BM. PMID: 8103057.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    116. Inhibition of brain calcium channels by plasma proteins from anoxic turtles. Am J Physiol. 1993 Aug; 265(2 Pt 2):R277-81. Bickler PE, Gallego SM. PMID: 8103641.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    117. Central nervous system effects of intrathecal muscle relaxants in rats. Anesth Analg. 1993 Jun; 76(6):1304-9. Szenohradszky J, Trevor AJ, Bickler P, Caldwell JE, Sharma ML, Rampil IJ, Miller RD. PMID: 8098920.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    118. Cerebral anoxia tolerance in turtles: regulation of intracellular calcium and pH. Am J Physiol. 1992 Dec; 263(6 Pt 2):R1298-302. Bickler PE. PMID: 1481942.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    119. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate stabilizes brain intracellular calcium during hypoxia in rats. Stroke. 1992 Nov; 23(11):1617-22. Bickler PE, Kelleher JA. PMID: 1440710.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    120. Regional cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation during hypocarbia in geese. Am J Physiol. 1992 Aug; 263(2 Pt 2):R221-5. Bickler PE, Julian D. PMID: 1510162.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    121. Mass spectrometers and infrared gas analyzers interpret bronchodilator propellants as anesthetic gases. Anesth Analg. 1992 Jul; 75(1):142-3. Bickler PE, Sohn YJ. PMID: 1616143.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    122. Effects of temperature and anoxia on regional cerebral blood flow in turtles. Am J Physiol. 1992 Mar; 262(3 Pt 2):R538-41. Bickler PE. PMID: 1558224.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    123. Intracranial pressure and brain redox balance in rabbits. Can J Anaesth. 1991 Jul; 38(5):654-9. Bissonnette B, Bickler PE, Gregory GA, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 1934221.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    124. Intralipid solution mistakenly infused into epidural space. Anesth Analg. 1990 Dec; 71(6):712-3. Bickler P, Spears R, McKay W. PMID: 2240651.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    125. Efficiency of airway heat and moisture exchangers in anesthetized humans. Anesth Analg. 1990 Oct; 71(4):415-8. Bickler PE, Sessler DI. PMID: 2400121.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    126. Acute radial nerve injury from use of an automatic blood pressure monitor. Anesthesiology. 1990 Jul; 73(1):186-8. Bickler PE, Schapera A, Bainton CR. PMID: 2360731.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    127. Diffusion of felt-tip marker pen ink into intravenous bags. Anesth Analg. 1989 Sep; 69(3):412. Bickler PE, Gold B, Johnson BH. PMID: 2774247.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    128. Effects of hypoxia and hypocapnia on brain redox balance in ducks. Am J Physiol. 1989 Jul; 257(1 Pt 2):R132-5. Bickler PE, Koh SO, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 2502033.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    129. Effects of acetazolamide on cerebral acid-base balance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Jul; 65(1):422-7. Bickler PE, Litt L, Banville DL, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 3136134.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    130. Effects of acetazolamide on cerebrocortical NADH and blood volume. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Jul; 65(1):428-33. Bickler PE, Litt L, Severinghaus JW. PMID: 3136135.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    131. Effects of barbiturate anesthesia on functional residual capacity and ribcage/diaphragm contributions to ventilation. Anesthesiology. 1987 Feb; 66(2):147-52. Bickler PE, Dueck R, Prutow RJ. PMID: 3813077.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    132. Blood respiratory properties in pigeons at high altitudes: effects of acclimation. Am J Physiol. 1985 Dec; 249(6 Pt 2):R765-75. Weinstein Y, Bernstein MH, Bickler PE, Gonzales DV, Samaniego FC, Escobedo MA. PMID: 3934990.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    133. Blood acid-base status of an awake heterothermic rodent, Spermophilus tereticaudus. Respir Physiol. 1984 Sep; 57(3):307-16. Bickler PE. PMID: 6441212.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    134. CO2 balance of a heterothermic rodent: comparison of sleep, torpor, and awake states. Am J Physiol. 1984 Jan; 246(1 Pt 2):R49-55. Bickler PE. PMID: 6421175.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Animals
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