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George Rutherford, III, MD

Title(s)Professor, Epidemiology & Biostatistics
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Phone415-476-5781
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)Director, Prevention and Public Health Group


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Stanford UniversityA.B.1974Classics
    Stanford UniversityB.S.1975Chemistry
    Stanford UnviersityA.M.1975History
    Duke UniversityM.D.1978Medicine
    University of California, San DiegoPGY-1, PGY-21980Pediatrics
    University of Toronto - Hospital for Sick ChildrenPGY-31981Paediatrics
    University of California, San DiegoPGY-41982Pediatrics
    Centers for Disease Control and PreventionEpidemic Intelligence Service Officer1984

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    My research interests are the epidemiology and prevention of infectious and tropical diseases of public health importance, both internationally and domestically, with a primary focus on HIV and AIDS. My work is funded primarily by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. I also have smaller projects dealing with the epidemiology of tuberculosis in California, the prevention of childhood injury, immunizations and bioterrorism. I am a member of the AIDS Research Institute's Executive Committee.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    GH15-1615, NAMIBIA, UCSF-GSI Technical Assistance in Strategic Information and Health Systems Strengthening under NAMPHACTS
    CDC/CGH U2GGH001410Apr 1, 2015 - Mar 31, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Enhancing Strategic Information Capacity for HIV/AIDS Programs in Kenya through Surveillance and Epidemiology, Monitoring and Evaluation under the U.S. PEPFAR (Program Area A and Program Area B)
    CDC/CGH U2GGH001520Apr 1, 2015 - Mar 31, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    GH13-1328, HQ, Technical Assistance to Countries Supported by the PEPFAR and Global
    CDC/CGH U2GGH000977Sep 30, 2013 - Mar 31, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    RWANDA TRIANGULATION PROJECT
    CDC/NCHHSTP U2GPS002742Sep 30, 2010 - Sep 29, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    PS09-990: CDC KENYA - MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E)
    CDC/NCHHSTP U2GPS001814Sep 30, 2009 - Mar 31, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    PROVISION OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO STRENGTHEN HIV STRATEGIC INFORMATION ACTIVIT
    CDC/NCHHSTP U2GPS001945Sep 1, 2009 - Mar 31, 2015
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    PS09-904:GHANA UCSF TECH. ASSISTANCE TO SUPP. PRESIDENTS EMERGENCY PLAN FOR AIDS
    CDC/NCHHSTP U2GPS001469Apr 1, 2009 - Mar 31, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    PS09-904 ATLANTA HQ UCSF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT PEPFAR
    CDC/NCHHSTP U2GPS001468Apr 1, 2009 - Mar 31, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    PS09-904:TANZANIA UCSF TECH. ASSISTANCE TO SUPP. PRESIDENTS EMERG. PLAN FOR AIDS
    CDC/NCHHSTP U2GPS001472Apr 1, 2009 - Mar 31, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    UNIV. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECTS IN SUPPORT OF THE GLOBAL AIDS PROGRAM
    CDC/NCHHSTP U62PS922423Sep 30, 2002 - Mar 31, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    International Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (ITAPS)
    NIH/NIMH R25MH064712Jan 8, 2002 - Aug 31, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    ICOHRTA Brazilian Scientists Program
    NIH/FIC D43TW005799Sep 26, 2001 - Apr 30, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Center for AIDS Prevention Studies
    NIH/NIMH P30MH062246Sep 24, 2001 - Aug 31, 2021
    Role: Co-Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Featured Publications
    Collapse Global Health
    Collapse Websites
    Collapse Student Projects
    Collapse Featured Videos

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. Kelly JD, Worden L, Wannier SR, Hoff NA, Mukadi P, Sinai C, Ackley S, Chen X, Gao D, Selo B, Mossoko M, Okitolonda-Wemakoy E, Richardson ET, Rutherford GW, Lietman TM, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Rimoin AW, Porco TC. Projections of Ebola outbreak size and duration with and without vaccine use in Équateur, Democratic Republic of Congo, as of May 27, 2018. PLoS One. 2019; 14(3):e0213190. PMID: 30845236.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Homsy J, King R, Bannink F, Namukwaya Z, Vittinghof E, Amone A, Ojok F, Rukundo G, Amama S, Etima J, Matovu J, Weissglas F, Ojom L, Atim P, Darbes L, Byamugisha J, Rutherford G, Katabira E, Fowler MG. Primary HIV prevention in pregnant and lactating Ugandan women: A randomized trial. PLoS One. 2019; 14(2):e0212119. PMID: 30802277.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Masel J, McCracken MK, Gleeson T, Morrison B, Rutherford G, Imrie A, Jarman RG, Koren M, Pollett S. Does prior dengue virus exposure worsen clinical outcomes of Zika virus infection? A systematic review, pooled analysis and lessons learned. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Jan 25; 13(1):e0007060. PMID: 30682026.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Handanagic S, Bozicevic I, Sekerija M, Rutherford GW, Begovac J. Overdose mortality rates in Croatia and factors associated with self-reported drug overdose among persons who inject drugs in three Croatian cities. Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Jan 11; 64:95-102. PMID: 30641451.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Penn AW, Azman H, Horvath H, Taylor KD, Hickey MD, Rajan J, Negussie EK, Doherty M, Rutherford GW. Supportive interventions to improve retention on ART in people with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2018; 13(12):e0208814. PMID: 30550574.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Ngeno B, Waruru A, Inwani I, Nganga L, Wangari EN, Katana A, Gichangi A, Mwangi A, Mukui I, Rutherford GW. Disclosure and Clinical Outcomes Among Young Adolescents Living With HIV in Kenya. J Adolesc Health. 2019 Feb; 64(2):242-249. PMID: 30482659.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Awotiwon AA, Johnson S, Rutherford GW, Meintjes G, Eshun-Wilson I. Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV-positive people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 08 29; 8:CD004773. PMID: 30156270.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Kelly JD, Hickey MD, Schlough GW, Conteh S, Sesay M, Rutherford GW, Giordano TP, Weiser SD. Understanding why HIV-infected persons disengaged from pre-ART care in Freetown, Sierra Leone: a qualitative study. AIDS Care. 2018 Aug 26; 1-4. PMID: 30146898.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Kelly JD, Hoff NA, Spencer D, Musene K, Bramble MS, McIlwain D, Okitundu D, Porco TC, Rutherford GW, Glymour MM, Bjornson Z, Mukadi P, Okitolonda-Wemakoy E, Nolan GP, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Rimoin AW. Neurological, cognitive, and psychological findings among survivors of Ebola virus disease from the 1995 Ebola outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Aug 10. PMID: 30107392.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Aguilar G, Miranda AE, Rutherford GW, Munoz S, Hills N, Samudio T, Galeano F, Kawabata A, González CMR. Mortality Rate and Predictors in Children Under 15 Years Old Who Acquired HIV from Mother to Child Transmission in Paraguay. AIDS Behav. 2018 Jul; 22(Suppl 1):99-104. PMID: 29455264.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Cummings B, Horth R, McFarland W, Lane T, Young PW, Nalá R, Rutherford G, Raymond HF. Bisexual and Bidirectional: Assessing the Potential for HIV Bridging in Mozambique. AIDS Behav. 2018 Jul; 22(7):2189-2198. PMID: 29188391.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Hudson M, Rutherford GW, Weiser S, Fair E. Linking private, for-profit providers to public sector services for HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patients: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2018; 13(4):e0194960. PMID: 29634772.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Rice B, Boulle A, Baral S, Egger M, Mee P, Fearon E, Reniers G, Todd J, Schwarcz S, Weir S, Rutherford G, Hargreaves J. Strengthening Routine Data Systems to Track the HIV Epidemic and Guide the Response in Sub-Saharan Africa. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2018 Apr 03; 4(2):e36. PMID: 29615387.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Kelly JD, Barrie MB, Mesman AW, Karku S, Quiwa K, Drasher M, Schlough GW, Dierberg K, Koedoyoma S, Lindan CP, Jones JH, Chamie G, Worden L, Greenhouse B, Weiser SD, Porco TC, Rutherford GW, Richardson ET. Anatomy of a Hotspot: Chain and Seroepidemiology of Ebola Virus Transmission, Sukudu, Sierra Leone, 2015-16. J Infect Dis. 2018 Mar 28; 217(8):1214-1221. PMID: 29325149.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Kelly JD, Richardson ET, Drasher M, Barrie MB, Karku S, Kamara M, Hann K, Dierberg K, Hubbard A, Lindan CP, Farmer PE, Rutherford GW, Weiser SD. Food Insecurity as a Risk Factor for Outcomes Related to Ebola Virus Disease in Kono District, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 May; 98(5):1484-1488. PMID: 29557329.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Ng'eno BN, Kellogg TA, Kim AA, Mwangi A, Mwangi M, Wamicwe J, Rutherford GW. Modes of HIV transmission among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years in Kenya. Int J STD AIDS. 2018 Jul; 29(8):800-805. PMID: 29490572.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Razani N, Morshed S, Kohn MA, Wells NM, Thompson D, Alqassari M, Agodi A, Rutherford GW. Effect of park prescriptions with and without group visits to parks on stress reduction in low-income parents: SHINE randomized trial. PLoS One. 2018; 13(2):e0192921. PMID: 29447248.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Chaba DCDS, Soares LR, Pereira RMR, Rutherford GW, Assone T, Takayama L, Fonseca LAM, Duarte AJS, Casseb J. Low bone mineral density among HIV-infected patients in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2017 Dec 21; 59:e89. PMID: 29267597.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Pollett S, Althouse BM, Forshey B, Rutherford GW, Jarman RG. Internet-based biosurveillance methods for vector-borne diseases: Are they novel public health tools or just novelties? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Nov; 11(11):e0005871. PMID: 29190281.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Khatib A, Matiko E, Khalid F, Welty S, Ali A, Othman A, Haji S, Dahoma M, Rutherford G. HIV and hepatitis B and C co-infection among people who inject drugs in Zanzibar. BMC Public Health. 2017 11 28; 17(1):917. PMID: 29183287.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Rutherford GW, Geng E. Supplementary antimicrobials for patients with HIV and <100 CD4 cells/µL are associated with improved survival. Evid Based Med. 2017 12; 22(6):209. PMID: 29133303.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Balayan T, Horvath H, Rutherford GW. Ritonavir-Boosted Darunavir Plus Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors versus Other Regimens for Initial Antiretroviral Therapy for People with HIV Infection: A Systematic Review. AIDS Res Treat. 2017; 2017:2345617. PMID: 29082041.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Twigg HL, Crystal R, Currier J, Ridker P, Berliner N, Kiem HP, Rutherford G, Zou S, Glynn S, Wong R, Peprah E, Engelgau M, Creazzo T, Colombini-Hatch S, Caler E. Refining Current Scientific Priorities and Identifying New Scientific Gaps in HIV-Related Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Research. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 Sep; 33(9):889-897. PMID: 28530113.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Rutherford GW, Anglemyer A. Is 90-90-90 achievable? Lancet HIV. 2017 05; 4(5):e193-e194. PMID: 28153471.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Mbuagbaw L, Mursleen S, Irlam JH, Spaulding AB, Rutherford GW, Siegfried N. Efavirenz or nevirapine in three-drug combination therapy with two nucleoside or nucleotide-reverse transcriptase inhibitors for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 12 10; 12:CD004246. PMID: 27943261.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Rutherford GW, Anglemyer A. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy prevents HIV transmission to seronegative sexual partners. Evid Based Med. 2017 03; 22(1):29. PMID: 27852628.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Richardson ET, Kelly JD, Barrie MB, Mesman AW, Karku S, Quiwa K, Marsh RH, Koedoyoma S, Daboh F, Barron KP, Grady M, Tucker E, Dierberg KL, Rutherford GW, Barry M, Jones JH, Murray MB, Farmer PE. Minimally Symptomatic Infection in an Ebola 'Hotspot': A Cross-Sectional Serosurvey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 11; 10(11):e0005087. PMID: 27846221.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Rutherford GW, Horvath H. Dolutegravir Plus Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors versus Efavirenz Plus Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors As Initial Antiretroviral Therapy for People with HIV: A Systematic Review. PLoS One. 2016; 11(10):e0162775. PMID: 27736859.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Razani N, Kohn MA, Wells NM, Thompson D, Hamilton Flores H, Rutherford GW. Design and evaluation of a park prescription program for stress reduction and health promotion in low-income families: The Stay Healthy in Nature Everyday (SHINE) study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials. 2016 11; 51:8-14. PMID: 27693759.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Pollett S, Boscardin WJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Tinoco YO, Soto G, Romero C, Kok J, Biggerstaff M, Viboud C, Rutherford GW. Evaluating Google Flu Trends in Latin America: Important Lessons for the Next Phase of Digital Disease Detection. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Jan 01; 64(1):34-41. PMID: 27678084.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Cherutich P, Kim AA, Kellogg TA, Sherr K, Waruru A, De Cock KM, Rutherford GW. Detectable HIV Viral Load in Kenya: Data from a Population-Based Survey. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0154318. PMID: 27192052.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Sirengo M, Rutherford GW, Otieno-Nyunya B, Kellogg TA, Kimanga D, Muraguri N, Umuro M, Mirjahangir J, Stein E, Ndisha M, Kim AA. Evaluation of Kenya's readiness to transition from sentinel surveillance to routine HIV testing for antenatal clinic-based HIV surveillance. BMC Infect Dis. 2016 Mar 05; 16:113. PMID: 26945861; PMCID: PMC4779556.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    33. Zafer M, Horvath H, Mmeje O, van der Poel S, Semprini AE, Rutherford G, Brown J. Effectiveness of semen washing to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and assist pregnancy in HIV-discordant couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2016 Mar; 105(3):645-655.e2. PMID: 26688556.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Rutherford GW, Anglemyer A. Initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with >500 CD4 cells/µL provides more benefit than delaying treatment. Evid Based Med. 2016 Feb; 21(1):26. PMID: 26660663.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Norton ME, Baer RJ, Santos N, Rutherford GW. Gestational dating by metabolic profile at birth: a California cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr; 214(4):511.e1-511.e13. PMID: 26688490.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Pollett S, Wood N, Boscardin WJ, Bengtsson H, Schwarcz S, Harriman K, Winter K, Rutherford G. Validating the Use of Google Trends to Enhance Pertussis Surveillance in California. PLoS Curr. 2015 Oct 19; 7. PMID: 26543674; PMCID: PMC4626035.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    37. Cakalo JI, Božicevic I, Vitek C, Mandel JS, Salyuk T, Rutherford GW. Misclassification of men with reported HIV infection in Ukraine. AIDS Behav. 2015 Oct; 19(10):1938-40. PMID: 26070886.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Saldanha IJ, Li T, Yang C, Ugarte-Gil C, Rutherford GW, Dickersin K. Social network analysis identified central outcomes for core outcome sets using systematic reviews of HIV/AIDS. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Feb; 70:164-75. PMID: 26408357; PMCID: PMC4733392 [Available on 02/01/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    39. Mudany MA, Sirengo M, Rutherford GW, Mwangi M, Nganga LW, Gichangi A. Enhancing Maternal and Child Health using a Combined Mother & Child Health Booklet in Kenya. J Trop Pediatr. 2015 Dec; 61(6):442-7. PMID: 26342124.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Schwarcz SK, Rutherford GW, Horvath H. Training for Better Management: Avante Zambézia, PEPFAR and Improving the Quality of Administrative Services Comment on "Implementation of a Health Management Mentoring Program: Year-1 Evaluation of Its Impact on Health System Strengthening in Zambézia Province, Mozambique". Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015 Jul 23; 4(11):773-5. PMID: 26673340; PMCID: PMC4629705.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    41. Malekinejad M, Mohraz M, Razani N, Akbari G, McFarland W, Khairandish P, Malekafzali H, Gouya MM, Zarghami A, Rutherford GW. High HIV prevalence in a respondent-driven sampling survey of injection drug users in Tehran, Iran. AIDS Behav. 2015 Mar; 19(3):440-9. PMID: 25280446.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Thompson GR, Stevens DA, Clemons KV, Fierer J, Johnson RH, Sykes J, Rutherford G, Peterson M, Taylor JW, Chaturvedi V. Call for a California coccidioidomycosis consortium to face the top ten challenges posed by a recalcitrant regional disease. Mycopathologia. 2015 Feb; 179(1-2):1-9. PMID: 25318989.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Vitek CR, Cakalo JI, Kruglov YV, Dumchev KV, Salyuk TO, Božicevic I, Baughman AL, Spindler HH, Martsynovska VA, Kobyshcha YV, Abdul-Quader AS, Rutherford GW. Slowing of the HIV epidemic in Ukraine: evidence from case reporting and key population surveys, 2005-2012. PLoS One. 2014; 9(9):e103657. PMID: 25251080; PMCID: PMC4174506.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    44. Lindan CP, Anglemyer A, Hladik W, Barker J, Lubwama G, Rutherford G, Ssenkusu J, Opio A, Campbell J. High-risk motorcycle taxi drivers in the HIV/AIDS era: a respondent-driven sampling survey in Kampala, Uganda. Int J STD AIDS. 2015 Apr; 26(5):336-45. PMID: 24970473.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Rahnama R, Mohraz M, Mirzazadeh A, Rutherford G, McFarland W, Akbari G, Malekinejad M. Access to harm reduction programs among persons who inject drugs: findings from a respondent-driven sampling survey in Tehran, Iran. Int J Drug Policy. 2014 Jul; 25(4):717-23. PMID: 24974367; PMCID: PMC4231781.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    46. Ng'eno B, Mwangi A, Ng'ang'a L, Kim AA, Waruru A, Mukui I, Ngugi EW, Rutherford GW. Burden of HIV infection among children aged 18 months to 14 years in Kenya: results from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional survey. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 May 01; 66 Suppl 1:S82-8. PMID: 24732823; PMCID: PMC4784690.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    47. Maina WK, Kim AA, Rutherford GW, Harper M, K'Oyugi BO, Sharif S, Kichamu G, Muraguri NM, Akhwale W, De Cock KM. Kenya AIDS Indicator Surveys 2007 and 2012: implications for public health policies for HIV prevention and treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 May 01; 66 Suppl 1:S130-7. PMID: 24732817; PMCID: PMC4784700.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    48. Galbraith JS, Ochieng A, Mwalili S, Emusu D, Mwandi Z, Kim AA, Rutherford G, Maina WK, Kimanga DO, Chesang K, Cherutich P. Status of voluntary medical male circumcision in Kenya: findings from 2 nationally representative surveys in Kenya, 2007 and 2012. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 May 01; 66 Suppl 1:S37-45. PMID: 24732820; PMCID: PMC4794989.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    49. Sirengo M, Muthoni L, Kellogg TA, Kim AA, Katana A, Mwanyumba S, Kimanga DO, Maina WK, Muraguri N, Elly B, Rutherford GW. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya: results from a nationally representative study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 May 01; 66 Suppl 1:S66-74. PMID: 24732822; PMCID: PMC4790087.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    50. De Cock KM, Rutherford GW, Akhwale W. Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2012. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 May 01; 66 Suppl 1:S1-2. PMID: 24732813.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Ngugi EW, Kim AA, Nyoka R, Ng'ang'a L, Mukui I, Ng'eno B, Rutherford GW. Contraceptive practices and fertility desires among HIV-infected and uninfected women in Kenya: results from a nationally representative study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 May 01; 66 Suppl 1:S75-81. PMID: 24413040; PMCID: PMC4786173.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    52. Suthar AB, Rutherford GW, Horvath T, Doherty MC, Negussie EK. Improving antiretroviral therapy scale-up and effectiveness through service integration and decentralization. AIDS. 2014 Mar; 28 Suppl 2:S175-85. PMID: 24849478.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Anglemyer A, Rutherford GW, Easterbrook PJ, Horvath T, Vitória M, Jan M, Doherty MC. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: a systematic review. AIDS. 2014 Mar; 28 Suppl 2:S105-18. PMID: 24849469.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Rutherford GW, Anglemyer A, Easterbrook PJ, Horvath T, Vitoria M, Penazzato M, Doherty MC. Predicting treatment failure in adults and children on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of the performance characteristics of the 2010 WHO immunologic and clinical criteria for virologic failure. AIDS. 2014 Mar; 28 Suppl 2:S161-9. PMID: 24849476.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Anglemyer A, Agrawal AK, Rutherford GW. Treatment of Kaposi sarcoma in children with HIV-1 infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 27; (1):CD009826. PMID: 24464843.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Barte H, Horvath TH, Rutherford GW. Yellow fever vaccine for patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 23; (1):CD010929. PMID: 24453061.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Anglemyer A, Horvath T, Rutherford G. The accessibility of firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among household members: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jan 21; 160(2):101-10. PMID: 24592495.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Spindler H, Salyuk T, Vitek C, Rutherford G. Underreporting of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men in the Ukraine. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014 May; 30(5):407-8. PMID: 24295084; PMCID: PMC4516913.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    59. Mwendo EM, Mtuy TB, Renju J, Rutherford GW, Nondi J, Sichalwe AW, Todd J. Effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programmes in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health. 2014 Mar; 19(3):267-274. PMID: 24386998.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Rutherford GW, Anglemyer A, Bagenda D, Muyonga M, Lindan CP, Barker JL, Johnston L, Hladik W. University students and the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in Uganda: the Crane survey. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2014; 26(2):209-15. PMID: 24762640.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Anglemyer A, Horvath T, Rutherford G. Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV-discordant couples. JAMA. 2013 Oct 16; 310(15):1619-20. PMID: 24129466.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Mudany MA, Nduati R, Mboori-Ngacha D, Rutherford GW. Perceptions of child discipline and its contributions to child abuse in a low-income community in Nairobi, Kenya. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2013 Nov; 33(4):228-32. PMID: 24090542.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Viškovic K, Rutherford GW, Sudario G, Stemberger L, Brnic Z, Begovac J. Ultrasound measurements of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in HIV-infected patients on the Mediterranean diet. Croat Med J. 2013 Aug; 54(4):330-8. PMID: 23986273; PMCID: PMC3763244.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    64. Perovic Mihanovic M, Haque NS, Rutherford GW, Zekan Š, Begovac J. Toxicity-related antiretroviral drug treatment modifications in individuals starting therapy: a cohort analysis of time patterns, sex, and other risk factors. Med Sci Monit. 2013 Jun 21; 19:483-92. PMID: 23787803; PMCID: PMC3692382.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    65. de Lemos LM, Lippi J, Rutherford GW, Duarte GS, Martins NG, Santos VS, Gurgel RQ. Maternal risk factors for HIV infection in infants in northeastern Brazil. Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Oct; 17(10):e913-8. PMID: 23791426.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Anglemyer A, Rutherford GW, Horvath T, Baggaley RC, Egger M, Siegfried N. Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV-discordant couples. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30; (4):CD009153. PMID: 23633367.
      View in: PubMed
    67. Kerr LR, Mota RS, Kendall C, Pinho Ade A, Mello MB, Guimarães MD, Dourado I, de Brito AM, Benzaken A, McFarland W, Rutherford G. HIV among MSM in a large middle-income country. AIDS. 2013 Jan 28; 27(3):427-35. PMID: 23291540.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Cardeal da Silva D, Casseb J, Mirzazadeh A, Arruda LB, Rutherford GW. Is the rate of CD4 cell decline changing over time in antiretroviral-naïve patients? AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2013 Feb; 27(2):69-70. PMID: 23298278; PMCID: PMC3565547.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    69. Travassos AG, Brites C, Netto EM, Fernandes Sde A, Rutherford GW, Queiroz CM. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected women in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2012 Nov-Dec; 16(6):581-5. PMID: 23168304.
      View in: PubMed
    70. Morin SF, Yamey G, Rutherford GW. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. BMJ. 2012 Aug 13; 345:e5412. PMID: 22890030.
      View in: PubMed
    71. Vahidnia F, Petersen M, Stapleton JT, Rutherford GW, Busch M, Custer B. Acquisition of GB virus type C and lower mortality in patients with advanced HIV disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Oct; 55(7):1012-9. PMID: 22752515; PMCID: PMC3657520.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
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    83. Gupta R, Dandu M, Packel L, Rutherford G, Leiter K, Phaladze N, Korte FP, Iacopino V, Weiser SD. Depression and HIV in Botswana: a population-based study on gender-specific socioeconomic and behavioral correlates. PLoS One. 2010 Dec 08; 5(12):e14252. PMID: 21170384.
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    87. Humphreys EH, Smith NA, Azman H, McLeod D, Rutherford GW. Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jun 16; (6):CD008563. PMID: 20556793.
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    96. Chak E, Rutherford GW, Steinmaus C. The role of breast-feeding in the prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 15; 48(4):430-7. PMID: 19133802.
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    101. Malekinejad M, Johnston LG, Kendall C, Kerr LR, Rifkin MR, Rutherford GW. Using respondent-driven sampling methodology for HIV biological and behavioral surveillance in international settings: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2008 Jul; 12(4 Suppl):S105-30. PMID: 18561018.
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    103. Macfarlane SB, Agabian N, Novotny TE, Rutherford GW, Stewart CC, Debas HT. Think globally, act locally, and collaborate internationally: global health sciences at the University of California, San Francisco. Acad Med. 2008 Feb; 83(2):173-9. PMID: 18303363.
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    104. Peres CA, Rutherford G, Borges G, Galano E, Hudes ES, Hearst N. Family structure and adolescent sexual behavior in a poor area of São Paulo, Brazil. J Adolesc Health. 2008 Feb; 42(2):177-83. PMID: 18207096.
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    107. Kajubi P, Kamya MR, Raymond HF, Chen S, Rutherford GW, Mandel JS, McFarland W. Gay and bisexual men in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2008 May; 12(3):492-504. PMID: 17968647.
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    108. Thach BT, Rutherford GW, Harris K. Deaths and injuries attributed to infant crib bumper pads. J Pediatr. 2007 Sep; 151(3):271-4, 274.e1-3. PMID: 17719936.
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    110. Flaherman VJ, Hector R, Rutherford GW. Estimating severe coccidioidomycosis in California. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Jul; 13(7):1087-90. PMID: 18214188; PMCID: PMC2878228.
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    111. Moore D, Liechty C, Ekwaru P, Were W, Mwima G, Solberg P, Rutherford G, Mermin J. Prevalence, incidence and mortality associated with tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda. AIDS. 2007 Mar 30; 21(6):713-9. PMID: 17413692.
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    117. Siegfried NL, Van Deventer PJ, Mahomed FA, Rutherford GW. Stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine combination therapy for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19; (2):CD004535. PMID: 16625606.
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    118. Setia MS, Steinmaus C, Ho CS, Rutherford GW. The role of BCG in prevention of leprosy: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006 Mar; 6(3):162-70. PMID: 16500597.
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    119. Ampel NM, Hector RF, Lindan CP, Rutherford GW. An archived lot of coccidioidin induces specific coccidioidal delayed-type hypersensitivity and correlates with in vitro assays of coccidioidal cellular immune response. Mycopathologia. 2006 Feb; 161(2):67-72. PMID: 16463089.
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    122. Flori HR, Glidden DV, Rutherford GW, Matthay MA. Pediatric acute lung injury: prospective evaluation of risk factors associated with mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 May 01; 171(9):995-1001. PMID: 15618461.
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    125. Sangani P, Rutherford G, Wilkinson D. Population-based interventions for reducing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; (2):CD001220. PMID: 15106156.
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    126. Scheers NJ, Rutherford GW, Kemp JS. Where should infants sleep? A comparison of risk for suffocation of infants sleeping in cribs, adult beds, and other sleeping locations. Pediatrics. 2003 Oct; 112(4):883-9. PMID: 14523181.
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    127. Kelsh MA, Buffler PA, Daaboul JJ, Rutherford GW, Lau EC, Barnard JC, Exuzides AK, Madl AK, Palmer LG, Lorey FW. Primary congenital hypothyroidism, newborn thyroid function, and environmental perchlorate exposure among residents of a Southern California community. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Oct; 45(10):1116-27. PMID: 14534454.
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    128. Aragón TJ, Ulrich S, Fernyak S, Rutherford GW. Risks of serious complications and death from smallpox vaccination: a systematic review of the United States experience, 1963-1968. BMC Public Health. 2003 Aug 11; 3:26. PMID: 12911836; PMCID: PMC194634.
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    129. Choi KH, Liu H, Guo Y, Han L, Mandel JS, Rutherford GW. Emerging HIV-1 epidemic in China in men who have sex with men. Lancet. 2003 Jun 21; 361(9375):2125-6. PMID: 12826438.
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    130. Alves K, Shafer KP, Caseiro M, Rutherford G, Falcao ME, Sucupira MC, Busch MP, Rawal BD, Diaz RS. Risk factors for incident HIV infection among anonymous HIV testing site clients in Santos, Brazil: 1996-1999. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Apr 15; 32(5):551-9. PMID: 12679709.
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    131. Kyle SB, Nance ML, Rutherford GW, Winston FK. Skateboard-associated injuries: participation-based estimates and injury characteristics. J Trauma. 2002 Oct; 53(4):686-90. PMID: 12394867.
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    139. Koo DT, Baron RC, Rutherford GW. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a California State Prison, 1991. Am J Public Health. 1997 Feb; 87(2):279-82. PMID: 9103111; PMCID: PMC1380808.
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    140. Shefer A, Dobbins JG, Fukuda K, Steele L, Koo D, Nisenbaum R, Rutherford GW. Fatiguing illness among employees in three large state office buildings, California, 1993: was there an outbreak? J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Jan-Feb; 31(1):31-43. PMID: 9201645.
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    143. Eberhart-Phillips J, Besser RE, Tormey MP, Koo D, Feikin D, Araneta MR, Wells J, Kilman L, Rutherford GW, Griffin PM, Baron R, Mascola L. An outbreak of cholera from food served on an international aircraft. Epidemiol Infect. 1996 Feb; 116(1):9-13. PMID: 8626007; PMCID: PMC2271246.
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    144. Koo D, Royce S, Rutherford GW. Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in California, 1991 to 1992. West J Med. 1995 Nov; 163(5):441-5. PMID: 8533406; PMCID: PMC1303167.
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    145. Ley C, Davila IH, Mayer NM, Murray RA, Rutherford GW, Reingold AL. Lyme disease in northwestern coastal California. West J Med. 1994 Jun; 160(6):534-9. PMID: 8053175; PMCID: PMC1022555.
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    146. Araba-Owoyele LA, Hughes MJ, Rutherford GW. HIV infection in women. West J Med. 1994 Jun; 160(6):581-2. PMID: 8053191; PMCID: PMC1022576.
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    147. Dales LG, Kizer KW, Rutherford GW, Pertowski CA, Waterman SH, Woodford G. Measles epidemic from failure to immunize. West J Med. 1993 Oct; 159(4):455-64. PMID: 8273330; PMCID: PMC1022280.
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    149. Pertowski CA, Rutherford GW. Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Semin Liver Dis. 1992 May; 12(2):108-20. PMID: 1636116.
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    150. Schultz LV, Roberto RR, Rutherford GW, Hummert B, Lubell I. Mesocestoides (Cestoda) infection in a California child. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992 Apr; 11(4):332-4. PMID: 1565561.
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    155. Payne SF, Rutherford GW, Lemp GF, Clevenger AC. Effect of the revised AIDS case definition on AIDS reporting in San Francisco: evidence of increased reporting in intravenous drug users. AIDS. 1990 Apr; 4(4):335-9. PMID: 2350453.
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    156. Lemp GF, Payne SF, Rutherford GW, Hessol NA, Winkelstein W, Wiley JA, Moss AR, Chaisson RE, Chen RT, Feigal DW. Projections of AIDS morbidity and mortality in San Francisco. JAMA. 1990 Mar 16; 263(11):1497-501. PMID: 2407871.
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    157. Lifson AR, Stanley M, Pane J, O'Malley PM, Wilber JC, Stanley A, Jeffery B, Rutherford GW, Sohmer PR. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus DNA using the polymerase chain reaction in a well-characterized group of homosexual and bisexual men. J Infect Dis. 1990 Mar; 161(3):436-9. PMID: 2313124.
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    158. Lifson AR, Darrow WW, Hessol NA, O'Malley PM, Barnhart JL, Jaffe HW, Rutherford GW. Kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men. Epidemiology and analysis for cofactors. Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Feb; 131(2):221-31. PMID: 2296976.
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    159. Lemp GF, Payne SF, Neal D, Temelso T, Rutherford GW. Survival trends for patients with AIDS. JAMA. 1990 Jan 19; 263(3):402-6. PMID: 2294307.
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    162. Payne SF, Lemp GF, Rutherford GW. Survival following diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma for AIDS patients in San Francisco. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990; 3 Suppl 1:S14-7. PMID: 2395080.
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    163. Hessol NA, Byers RH, Lifson AR, O'Malley PM, Cannon L, Barnhart JL, Harrison JS, Rutherford GW. Relationship between AIDS latency period and AIDS survival time in homosexual and bisexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990; 3(11):1078-85. PMID: 2213508.
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    164. Saunders LD, Rutherford GW, Lemp GF, Barnhart JL. Impact of AIDS on mortality in San Francisco, 1979-1986. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990; 3(9):921-4. PMID: 2384868.
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    165. Hessol NA, Lifson AR, O'Malley PM, Doll LS, Jaffe HW, Rutherford GW. Prevalence, incidence, and progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection in homosexual and bisexual men in hepatitis B vaccine trials, 1978-1988. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec; 130(6):1167-75. PMID: 2531543.
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    166. Janssen RS, Saykin AJ, Cannon L, Campbell J, Pinsky PF, Hessol NA, O'Malley PM, Lifson AR, Doll LS, Rutherford GW. Neurological and neuropsychological manifestations of HIV-1 infection: association with AIDS-related complex but not asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. Ann Neurol. 1989 Nov; 26(5):592-600. PMID: 2817835.
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    167. Rutherford GW, Schwarcz SK, Lemp GF, Barnhart JL, Rauch KJ, Warner WL, Piland TH, Werdegar D. The epidemiology of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in San Francisco. J Infect Dis. 1989 Mar; 159(3):569-72. PMID: 2915169.
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    168. Hessol NA, Lifson AR, Rutherford GW. Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection and key predictors of HIV disease progression. AIDS Clin Rev. 1989; 69-93. PMID: 2488696.
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    169. Stoller EJ, Rutherford GW. Evaluation of AIDS prevention and control programs. AIDS. 1989; 3 Suppl 1:S289-96. PMID: 2514750.
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    170. Chen RT, Rutherford GW, Payne SF, Barnhart JL, Lemp GF, Baskett LH. Use of hospitals by patients with AIDS in San Francisco. N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 22; 319(25):1671-2. PMID: 3200286.
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    171. Lifson AR, Rutherford GW, Jaffe HW. The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1988 Dec; 158(6):1360-7. PMID: 3058820.
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    172. Woo JM, Rutherford GW, Payne SF, Barnhart JL, Lemp GF. The epidemiology of AIDS in Asian and Pacific Islander populations in San Francisco. AIDS. 1988 Dec; 2(6):473-5. PMID: 3149494.
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    173. Byers RH, Morgan WM, Darrow WW, Doll L, Jaffe HW, Rutherford G, Hessol N, O'Malley PM. Estimating AIDS infection rates in the San Francisco cohort. AIDS. 1988 Jun; 2(3):207-10. PMID: 3134915.
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    174. Oliva GE, Rutherford GW, Grossman M, Shalwitz J, English A, Taylor F, Werdegar D. Guidelines for the control of human immunodeficiency virus infection in adolescents. West J Med. 1988 May; 148(5):586-9. PMID: 3176470; PMCID: PMC1026194.
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    175. Rutherford GW, Payne SF, Lemp GF. Impact of the revised AIDS case definition on AIDS reporting in San Francisco. JAMA. 1988 Apr 15; 259(15):2235. PMID: 3352111.
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    176. Drew WL, Mills J, Hauer LB, Miner RC, Rutherford GW. Declining prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual AIDS patients paralleled by fall in cytomegalovirus transmission. Lancet. 1988 Jan 2-9; 1(8575-6):66. PMID: 2891935.
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    177. Chaisson RE, Schecter GF, Theuer CP, Rutherford GW, Echenberg DF, Hopewell PC. Tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinical features, response to therapy, and survival. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Sep; 136(3):570-4. PMID: 3631730.
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    178. Padian N, Marquis L, Francis DP, Anderson RE, Rutherford GW, O'Malley PM, Winkelstein W. Male-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA. 1987 Aug 14; 258(6):788-90. PMID: 3475478.
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    179. Rutherford GW, Oliva GE, Grossman M, Green JR, Wara DW, Shaw NS, Echenberg DF, Wofsy CB, Weinstein DH, Stroud F. Guidelines for the control of perinatally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection and care of infected mothers, infants and children. West J Med. 1987 Jul; 147(1):104-8. PMID: 3424801; PMCID: PMC1025844.
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    180. Rauch KJ, Rutherford GW, Echenberg DF. The proportion of cases of AIDS diagnosed in outpatients. JAMA. 1986 Aug 15; 256(7):863-4. PMID: 3735610.
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    181. Rogers MF, Rutherford GW, Alexander SR, DiLiberti JH, Foster L, Schonberger LB, Hurwitz ES. A population-based study of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Oregon, 1979-1982. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Jan; 123(1):137-42. PMID: 3940432.
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    182. Kim-Farley RJ, Rutherford G, Lichfield P, Hsu ST, Orenstein WA, Schonberger LB, Bart KJ, Lui KJ, Lin CC. Outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis, Taiwan. Lancet. 1984 Dec 08; 2(8415):1322-4. PMID: 6150332.
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