Tom Arnold, MD

Title(s)Associate Professor, Pediatrics
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address1550 Fourth Street, #548C
San Francisco CA 94158
Phone415-476-1034
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-7310-5597 Additional info
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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Microglia are not necessary for maintenance of blood-brain barrier properties in health, but PLX5622 alters brain endothelial cholesterol metabolism. Neuron. 2024 Sep 04; 112(17):2910-2921.e7. Profaci CP, Harvey SS, Bajc K, Zhang TZ, Jeffrey DA, Zhang AZ, Nemec KM, Davtyan H, O'Brien CA, McKinsey GL, Longworth A, McMullen TP, Capocchi JK, Gonzalez JG, Lawson DA, Arnold TD, Davalos D, Blurton-Jones M, Dabertrand F, Bennett FC, Daneman R. PMID: 39142282; PMCID: PMC11446403.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    2. Dysregulation of FLVCR1a-dependent mitochondrial calcium handling in neural progenitors causes congenital hydrocephalus. Cell Rep Med. 2024 Jul 16; 5(7):101647. Bertino F, Mukherjee D, Bonora M, Bagowski C, Nardelli J, Metani L, Zanin Venturini DI, Chianese D, Santander N, Salaroglio IC, Hentschel A, Quarta E, Genova T, McKinney AA, Allocco AL, Fiorito V, Petrillo S, Ammirata G, De Giorgio F, Dennis E, Allington G, Maier F, Shoukier M, Gloning KP, Munaron L, Mussano F, Salsano E, Pareyson D, di Rocco M, Altruda F, Panagiotakos G, Kahle KT, Gressens P, Riganti C, Pinton PP, Roos A, Arnold T, Tolosano E, Chiabrando D. PMID: 39019006; PMCID: PMC11293339.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    3. Structural and molecular basis of choline uptake into the brain by FLVCR2. Nature. 2024 May; 629(8012):704-709. Cater RJ, Mukherjee D, Gil-Iturbe E, Erramilli SK, Chen T, Koo K, Santander N, Reckers A, Kloss B, Gawda T, Choy BC, Zhang Z, Katewa A, Larpthaveesarp A, Huang EJ, Mooney SWJ, Clarke OB, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Kossiakoff AA, Quick M, Arnold T, Mancia F. PMID: 38693257; PMCID: PMC11168207.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    4. Type-I-interferon-responsive microglia shape cortical development and behavior. Cell. 2024 Apr 11; 187(8):1936-1954.e24. Escoubas CC, Dorman LC, Nguyen PT, Lagares-Linares C, Nakajo H, Anderson SR, Barron JJ, Wade SD, Cuevas B, Vainchtein ID, Silva NJ, Guajardo R, Xiao Y, Lidsky PV, Wang EY, Rivera BM, Taloma SE, Kim DK, Kaminskaya E, Nakao-Inoue H, Schwer B, Arnold TD, Molofsky AB, Condello C, Andino R, Nowakowski TJ, Molofsky AV. PMID: 38490196; PMCID: PMC11015974.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    5. A comparative evaluation of the strengths and potential caveats of the microglial inducible CreER mouse models. Cell Rep. 2024 01 23; 43(1):113660. Bedolla AM, McKinsey GL, Ware K, Santander N, Arnold TD, Luo Y. PMID: 38217856; PMCID: PMC10874587.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    6. PTP1B mediates the inhibitory effect of MFGE8 on insulin signaling through the β5 integrin. J Biol Chem. 2024 Feb; 300(2):105631. Datta R, Mukherjee D, Podolsky MJ, Yang CD, Alba DL, Singh S, Arnold TD, Koliwad S, Lizama CO, Atabai K. PMID: 38199575; PMCID: PMC10850974.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    7. Structural and molecular basis of choline uptake into the brain by FLVCR2. bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 05. Cater RJ, Mukherjee D, Iturbe EG, Erramilli SK, Chen T, Koo K, Grez NS, Reckers A, Kloss B, Gawda T, Choy BC, Zheng Z, Clarke OB, Yee SW, Kossiakoff AA, Quick M, Arnold T, Mancia F. PMID: 37873173; PMCID: PMC10592973.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    8. APOE4 impairs the microglial response in Alzheimer's disease by inducing TGFβ-mediated checkpoints. Nat Immunol. 2023 Nov; 24(11):1839-1853. Yin Z, Rosenzweig N, Kleemann KL, Zhang X, Brandão W, Margeta MA, Schroeder C, Sivanathan KN, Silveira S, Gauthier C, Mallah D, Pitts KM, Durao A, Herron S, Shorey H, Cheng Y, Barry JL, Krishnan RK, Wakelin S, Rhee J, Yung A, Aronchik M, Wang C, Jain N, Bao X, Gerrits E, Brouwer N, Deik A, Tenen DG, Ikezu T, Santander NG, McKinsey GL, Baufeld C, Sheppard D, Krasemann S, Nowarski R, Eggen BJL, Clish C, Tanzi RE, Madore C, Arnold TD, Holtzman DM, Butovsky O. PMID: 37749326; PMCID: PMC10863749.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    9. Radial glia promote microglial development through integrin αVβ8 -TGFβ1 signaling. bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 21. McKinsey GL, Santander N, Zhang X, Kleemann K, Tran L, Katewa A, Conant K, Barraza M, Waddell K, Lizama C, La Russa M, Koo HJ, Lee H, Mukherjee D, Paidassi H, Anton ES, Atabai K, Sheppard D, Butovsky O, Arnold TD. PMID: 37790363; PMCID: PMC10542141.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    10. Finding the right tool: a comprehensive evaluation of microglial inducible cre mouse models. bioRxiv. 2023 04 17. Bedolla A, Mckinsey G, Ware K, Santander N, Arnold T, Luo Y. PMID: 37131606; PMCID: PMC10153116.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    11. MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fatty acids with catabolism of enterocyte lipid stores through HNF4γ-dependent transcription of CES enzymes. Cell Rep. 2023 03 28; 42(3):112249. Datta R, Gholampour MA, Yang CD, Volk R, Lin S, Podolsky MJ, Arnold T, Rieder F, Zaro BW, Verzi M, Lehner R, Abumrad N, Lizama CO, Atabai K. PMID: 36924494; PMCID: PMC10138282.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    12. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is expressed in mouse pericytes but not endothelial cells: Implications for COVID-19 vascular research. Stem Cell Reports. 2022 05 10; 17(5):1089-1104. Muhl L, He L, Sun Y, Andaloussi Mäe M, Pietilä R, Liu J, Genové G, Zhang L, Xie Y, Leptidis S, Mocci G, Stritt S, Osman A, Anisimov A, Hemanthakumar KA, Räsänen M, Hansson EM, Björkegren J, Vanlandewijck M, Blomgren K, Mäkinen T, Peng XR, Hu Y, Ernfors P, Arnold TD, Alitalo K, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C. PMID: 35452595; PMCID: PMC9022216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    13. Microglia are involved in the protection of memories formed during sleep deprivation. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms. 2022 May; 12:100073. Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Webb J, Arnold TD, Rosi S, Ptácek LJ, Fu YH. PMID: 35028489; PMCID: PMC8741522.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8  
    14. αVβ8 integrin targeting to prevent posterior capsular opacification. JCI Insight. 2021 11 08; 6(21). Shihan MH, Novo SG, Wang Y, Sheppard D, Atakilit A, Arnold TD, Rossi NM, Faranda AP, Duncan MK. PMID: 34554928; PMCID: PMC8663568.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    15. Bone Marrow-Derived Alk1 Mutant Endothelial Cells and Clonally Expanded Somatic Alk1 Mutant Endothelial Cells Contribute to the Development of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Mice. Transl Stroke Res. 2022 06; 13(3):494-504. Shaligram SS, Zhang R, Zhu W, Ma L, Luo M, Li Q, Weiss M, Arnold T, Santander N, Liang R, do Prado L, Tang C, Pan F, Oh SP, Pan P, Su H. PMID: 34674144; PMCID: PMC9021325.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    16. Enrichment of Vascular Fragments from Mouse Embryonic Brains for Endothelial Cell Analysis. Bio Protoc. 2021 Jun 20; 11(12):e4058. Santander N, Arnold TD. PMID: 34263001; PMCID: PMC8260263.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    17. CNS fibroblasts form a fibrotic scar in response to immune cell infiltration. Nat Neurosci. 2021 02; 24(2):234-244. Dorrier CE, Aran D, Haenelt EA, Sheehy RN, Hoi KK, Pintaric L, Chen Y, Lizama CO, Cautivo KM, Weiner GA, Popko B, Fancy SPJ, Arnold TD, Daneman R. PMID: 33526922; PMCID: PMC7877789.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 72     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    18. Lack of Flvcr2 impairs brain angiogenesis without affecting the blood-brain barrier. J Clin Invest. 2020 08 03; 130(8):4055-4068. Santander N, Lizama CO, Meky E, McKinsey GL, Jung B, Sheppard D, Betsholtz C, Arnold TD. PMID: 32369453; PMCID: PMC7410045.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    19. A new genetic strategy for targeting microglia in development and disease. Elife. 2020 06 23; 9. McKinsey GL, Lizama CO, Keown-Lang AE, Niu A, Santander N, Larpthaveesarp A, Chee E, Gonzalez FF, Arnold TD. PMID: 32573436; PMCID: PMC7375817.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 72     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    20. Disruption of the Extracellular Matrix Progressively Impairs Central Nervous System Vascular Maturation Downstream of β-Catenin Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019 07; 39(7):1432-1447. Jensen LD, Hot B, Ramsköld D, Germano RFV, Yokota C, Giatrellis S, Lauschke VM, Hubmacher D, Li MX, Hupe M, Arnold TD, Sandberg R, Frisén J, Trusohamn M, Martowicz A, Wisniewska-Kruk J, Nyqvist D, Adams RH, Apte SS, Vanhollebeke B, Stenman JM, Kele J. PMID: 31242033; PMCID: PMC6597191.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    21. Impaired αVβ8 and TGFβ signaling lead to microglial dysmaturation and neuromotor dysfunction. J Exp Med. 2019 04 01; 216(4):900-915. Arnold TD, Lizama CO, Cautivo KM, Santander N, Lin L, Qiu H, Huang EJ, Liu C, Mukouyama YS, Reichardt LF, Zovein AC, Sheppard D. PMID: 30846482; PMCID: PMC6446869.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    22. Tissue Myeloid Progenitors Differentiate into Pericytes through TGF-β Signaling in Developing Skin Vasculature. Cell Rep. 2017 03 21; 18(12):2991-3004. Yamazaki T, Nalbandian A, Uchida Y, Li W, Arnold TD, Kubota Y, Yamamoto S, Ema M, Mukouyama YS. PMID: 28329690; PMCID: PMC5393447.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 61     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    23. Visualization of vascular mural cells in developing brain using genetically labeled transgenic reporter mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018 03; 38(3):456-468. Jung B, Arnold TD, Raschperger E, Gaengel K, Betsholtz C. PMID: 28276839; PMCID: PMC5851136.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    24. The αvβ1 integrin plays a critical in vivo role in tissue fibrosis. Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 20; 7(288):288ra79. Reed NI, Jo H, Chen C, Tsujino K, Arnold TD, DeGrado WF, Sheppard D. PMID: 25995225; PMCID: PMC4461057.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 125     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    25. LSR/angulin-1 is a tricellular tight junction protein involved in blood-brain barrier formation. J Cell Biol. 2015 Mar 16; 208(6):703-11. Sohet F, Lin C, Munji RN, Lee SY, Ruderisch N, Soung A, Arnold TD, Derugin N, Vexler ZS, Yen FT, Daneman R. PMID: 25753034; PMCID: PMC4362448.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 63     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    26. Excessive vascular sprouting underlies cerebral hemorrhage in mice lacking αVβ8-TGFβ signaling in the brain. Development. 2014 Dec; 141(23):4489-99. Arnold TD, Niaudet C, Pang MF, Siegenthaler J, Gaengel K, Jung B, Ferrero GM, Mukouyama YS, Fuxe J, Akhurst R, Betsholtz C, Sheppard D, Reichardt LF. PMID: 25406396; PMCID: PMC4302931.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 61     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    27. Mesangial cell αvβ8-integrin regulates glomerular capillary integrity and repair. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014 Jun 15; 306(12):F1400-9. Lakhe-Reddy S, Li V, Arnold TD, Khan S, Schelling JR. PMID: 24740792; PMCID: PMC4059974.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    28. Targeting of αv integrin identifies a core molecular pathway that regulates fibrosis in several organs. Nat Med. 2013 Dec; 19(12):1617-24. Henderson NC, Arnold TD, Katamura Y, Giacomini MM, Rodriguez JD, McCarty JH, Pellicoro A, Raschperger E, Betsholtz C, Ruminski PG, Griggs DW, Prinsen MJ, Maher JJ, Iredale JP, Lacy-Hulbert A, Adams RH, Sheppard D. PMID: 24216753; PMCID: PMC3855865.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 429     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    29. Deletion of integrin-linked kinase from neural crest cells in mice results in aortic aneurysms and embryonic lethality. Dis Model Mech. 2013 Sep; 6(5):1205-12. Arnold TD, Zang K, Vallejo-Illarramendi A. PMID: 23744273; PMCID: PMC3759340.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    30. Transcriptional corepressors HIPK1 and HIPK2 control angiogenesis via TGF-β-TAK1-dependent mechanism. PLoS Biol. 2013; 11(4):e1001527. Shang Y, Doan CN, Arnold TD, Lee S, Tang AA, Reichardt LF, Huang EJ. PMID: 23565059; PMCID: PMC3614511.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    31. Ocean acidification and the loss of phenolic substances in marine plants. PLoS One. 2012; 7(4):e35107. Arnold T, Mealey C, Leahey H, Miller AW, Hall-Spencer JM, Milazzo M, Maers K. PMID: 22558120; PMCID: PMC3338829.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    32. Defective retinal vascular endothelial cell development as a consequence of impaired integrin αVβ8-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-β. J Neurosci. 2012 Jan 25; 32(4):1197-206. Arnold TD, Ferrero GM, Qiu H, Phan IT, Akhurst RJ, Huang EJ, Reichardt LF. PMID: 22279205; PMCID: PMC3578416.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    33. Analysis of genomewide association signals for nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate in a Kenya African Cohort. Am J Med Genet A. 2011 Oct; 155A(10):2422-25. Weatherley-White RC, Ben S, Jin Y, Riccardi S, Arnold TD, Spritz RA. PMID: 22043487.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. From death to recovery following hypoxia ischemia: if TGFbeta is a central regulator, is integrin beta8 the switch? Neurotox Res. 2010 May; 17(4):418-20. Arnold TD, McQuillen PS. PMID: 20039156; PMCID: PMC2835727.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    35. Distribution of orofacial clefts and frequent occurrence of an unusual cleft variant in the Rift Valley of Kenya. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2007 Jul; 44(4):374-7. Spritz RA, Arnold TD, Buonocore S, Carter D, Fingerlin T, Odero WW, Wambani JO, Tenge RK, Weatherley-White RC. PMID: 17608554.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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