Raymond Swanson, MD

Title(s)Professor, Neurology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address35 Medical Center Way, #1038
San Francisco CA 94143
Phone415-750-2011
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-3664-5359 Additional info
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    University of MichiganB.S.Cell Biology
    University of MichiganM.D.
    University of California, San FranciscoResidency Neurology
    Stanford University Neuroscience (post-doc)
    University of California, San FranciscoNeuroscience (post-doc)

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Ray Swanson is a clinician-scientist with joint appointments in the UCSF Department of Neurology and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. His research explores bioenergetics and oxidative signaling in neurological disease. His studies in the area of stroke aim to identify ways to mitigate the dendritic and axonal ischemic injury, and in particular injury caused by neuronal NADPH oxidase and cofilin-actin rod formation. Work pertaining to Parkinson's disease aims to identify interactions between neuronal redox state and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This effort also involves pre-clinical and clinical studies of thiol repletion agents as a disease-modifying therapeutic approach. The Swanson laboratory is in the 1700 Owens St. building on the Mission Bay campus.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Ischemia-induced injury to neuronal processes: role of cofilin-actin rod formation
    NIH I01BX004884Jul 1, 2020 - Jun 30, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Integrating pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease
    NIH R01NS105774Jun 15, 2018 - May 31, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Thiol repletion therapy for Parkinson's disease
    NIH I01BX003249Oct 1, 2016 - Sep 30, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Regulatory Control of Glutamate - Induced Superoxide Production
    NIH R01NS081149Sep 1, 2012 - May 31, 2018
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Three-day scientific conference to be held April 18-20, 2012
    NIH R13NS077646Sep 30, 2011 - Aug 31, 2012
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Effects of PARP-1 gene deletion in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    NIH R21AG029483Aug 1, 2007 - Apr 30, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    VIIth International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism
    NIH R13NS056861Aug 1, 2006 - Jul 31, 2007
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Hypoglycemic neuronal death
    NIH R01NS051855Sep 30, 2004 - Jul 31, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Mechanisms of PARP and PARG mediated cell death
    NIH R01NS041421Apr 1, 2001 - May 31, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    ASTROCYTE FUNCTION AND EAA NEUROTOXICITY IN ISCHEMIA
    NIH R01NS031914May 20, 1994 - Jul 31, 2002
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CNS Injury and Edema Research Center
    NIH P50NS014543Jul 1, 1978 - Jul 31, 2012
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Cofilactin rod formation mediates inflammation-induced neurite degeneration. Cell Rep. 2024 Mar 06; 43(3):113914. Uruk G, Mocanu E, Shaw AE, Bamburg JR, Swanson RA. PMID: 38451813.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    2. Bioenergetic and excitotoxic determinants of cofilactin rod formation. J Neurochem. 2024 Feb 01. Mai N, Wu L, Uruk G, Mocanu E, Swanson RA. PMID: 38299375.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem. 2024 Jan 06. Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. PMID: 38183680.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    4. Use of Botulinum Toxin for Limb Immobilization for Rehabilitation in Rats with Experimental Stroke. Biomolecules. 2023 03 10; 13(3). Zhang H, Liu J, Bingham D, Orr A, Kawabori M, Kim JY, Zheng Z, Lam TI, Massa SM, Swanson RA, Yenari MA. PMID: 36979446; PMCID: PMC10046338.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    5. Neuronal Oxidative Stress Promotes α-Synuclein Aggregation In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Dec 15; 11(12). Won SJ, Fong R, Butler N, Sanchez J, Zhang Y, Wong C, Tambou Nzoutchoum O, Huynh A, Pan J, Swanson RA. PMID: 36552674; PMCID: PMC9774295.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    6. Blast-induced axonal degeneration in the rat cerebellum in the absence of head movement. Sci Rep. 2022 01 07; 12(1):143. Bishop R, Won SJ, Irvine KA, Basu J, Rome ES, Swanson RA. PMID: 34996954; PMCID: PMC8741772.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    7. Glucose availability limits microglial nitric oxide production. J Neurochem. 2021 12; 159(6):1008-1015. Castillo E, Mocanu E, Uruk G, Swanson RA. PMID: 34587283; PMCID: PMC9059794.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    8. α-synuclein aggregates induce c-Abl activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss by a feed-forward redox stress mechanism. Prog Neurobiol. 2021 07; 202:102070. Ghosh S, Won SJ, Wang J, Fong R, Butler NJM, Moss A, Wong C, Pan J, Sanchez J, Huynh A, Wu L, Manfredsson FP, Swanson RA. PMID: 33951536; PMCID: PMC8210833.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    9. A tandem activity-based sensing and labeling strategy enables imaging of transcellular hydrogen peroxide signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 03 02; 118(9). Iwashita H, Castillo E, Messina MS, Swanson RA, Chang CJ. PMID: 33622793; PMCID: PMC7936376.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    10. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. Nat Neurosci. 2021 03; 24(3):312-325. Escartin C, Galea E, Lakatos A, O'Callaghan JP, Petzold GC, Serrano-Pozo A, Steinhäuser C, Volterra A, Carmignoto G, Agarwal A, Allen NJ, Araque A, Barbeito L, Barzilai A, Bergles DE, Bonvento G, Butt AM, Chen WT, Cohen-Salmon M, Cunningham C, Deneen B, De Strooper B, Díaz-Castro B, Farina C, Freeman M, Gallo V, Goldman JE, Goldman SA, Götz M, Gutiérrez A, Haydon PG, Heiland DH, Hol EM, Holt MG, Iino M, Kastanenka KV, Kettenmann H, Khakh BS, Koizumi S, Lee CJ, Liddelow SA, MacVicar BA, Magistretti P, Messing A, Mishra A, Molofsky AV, Murai KK, Norris CM, Okada S, Oliet SHR, Oliveira JF, Panatier A, Parpura V, Pekna M, Pekny M, Pellerin L, Perea G, Pérez-Nievas BG, Pfrieger FW, Poskanzer KE, Quintana FJ, Ransohoff RM, Riquelme-Perez M, Robel S, Rose CR, Rothstein JD, Rouach N, Rowitch DH, Semyanov A, Sirko S, Sontheimer H, Swanson RA, Vitorica J, Wanner IB, Wood LB, Wu J, Zheng B, Zimmer ER, Zorec R, Sofroniew MV, Verkhratsky A. PMID: 33589835; PMCID: PMC8007081.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 704     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    11. Superoxide and Non-ionotropic Signaling in Neuronal Excitotoxicity. Front Neurosci. 2020; 4:861. Wang J, Swanson RA. PMID: 33013314; PMCID: PMC7497801.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10  
    12. A thermodynamic function of glycogen in brain and muscle. Prog Neurobiol. 2020 06; 189:101787. Swanson RA. PMID: 32151532.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    13. Cofilin-actin rod formation in experimental stroke is attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia and overexpression of the inducible 70 kD inducible heat shock protein (Hsp70). Brain Circ. 2019 Oct-Dec; 5(4):225-233. Kurisu K, You J, Zheng Z, Won SJ, Swanson RA, Yenari MA. PMID: 31950099; PMCID: PMC6950512.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5  
    14. Methodological considerations for studies of brain glycogen. J Neurosci Res. 2019 08; 97(8):914-922. Wu L, Wong CP, Swanson RA. PMID: 30892752; PMCID: PMC6565471.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    15. Technical and Comparative Aspects of Brain Glycogen Metabolism. Adv Neurobiol. 2019; 23:169-185. Wu L, Butler NJM, Swanson RA. PMID: 31667809.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Cells
    16. Excitotoxic superoxide production and neuronal death require both ionotropic and non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling. Sci Rep. 2018 11 30; 8(1):17522. Minnella AM, Zhao JX, Jiang X, Jakobsen E, Lu F, Wu L, El-Benna J, Gray JA, Swanson RA. PMID: 30504838; PMCID: PMC6269523.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    17. Cofilin-actin rod formation in neuronal processes after brain ischemia. PLoS One. 2018; 13(10):e0198709. Won SJ, Minnella AM, Wu L, Eun CH, Rome E, Herson PS, Shaw AE, Bamburg JR, Swanson RA. PMID: 30325927; PMCID: PMC6191105.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    18. Fibrin-targeting immunotherapy protects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Nat Immunol. 2018 11; 19(11):1212-1223. Ryu JK, Rafalski VA, Meyer-Franke A, Adams RA, Poda SB, Rios Coronado PE, Pedersen LØ, Menon V, Baeten KM, Sikorski SL, Bedard C, Hanspers K, Bardehle S, Mendiola AS, Davalos D, Machado MR, Chan JP, Plastira I, Petersen MA, Pfaff SJ, Ang KK, Hallenbeck KK, Syme C, Hakozaki H, Ellisman MH, Swanson RA, Zamvil SS, Arkin MR, Zorn SH, Pico AR, Mucke L, Freedman SB, Stavenhagen JB, Nelson RB, Akassoglou K. PMID: 30323343; PMCID: PMC6317891.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 90     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    19. Low-frequency cortical activity is a neuromodulatory target that tracks recovery after stroke. Nat Med. 2018 08; 24(8):1257-1267. Ramanathan DS, Guo L, Gulati T, Davidson G, Hishinuma AK, Won SJ, Knight RT, Chang EF, Swanson RA, Ganguly K. PMID: 29915259; PMCID: PMC6093781.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 48     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    20. Editorial. Glia. 2018 06; 66(6):1133. Barros F, Brown AM, Swanson RA. PMID: 29663573.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    21. Effects of Veliparib on Microglial Activation and Functional Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat and Pig. J Neurotrauma. 2018 Apr 01; 35(7):918-929. Irvine KA, Bishop RK, Won SJ, Xu J, Hamel KA, Coppes V, Singh P, Sondag A, Rome E, Basu J, Cittolin-Santos GF, Panter SS, Swanson RA. PMID: 29285982.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    
    22. Glia in brain energy metabolism: A perspective. Glia. 2018 06; 66(6):1134-1137. Barros LF, Brown A, Swanson RA. PMID: 29476554; PMCID: PMC6009848.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    23. Guidelines on experimental methods to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Death Differ. 2018 03; 25(3):542-572. Connolly NMC, Theurey P, Adam-Vizi V, Bazan NG, Bernardi P, Bolaños JP, Culmsee C, Dawson VL, Deshmukh M, Duchen MR, Düssmann H, Fiskum G, Galindo MF, Hardingham GE, Hardwick JM, Jekabsons MB, Jonas EA, Jordán J, Lipton SA, Manfredi G, Mattson MP, McLaughlin B, Methner A, Murphy AN, Murphy MP, Nicholls DG, Polster BM, Pozzan T, Rizzuto R, Satrústegui J, Slack RS, Swanson RA, Swerdlow RH, Will Y, Ying Z, Joselin A, Gioran A, Moreira Pinho C, Watters O, Salvucci M, Llorente-Folch I, Park DS, Bano D, Ankarcrona M, Pizzo P, Prehn JHM. PMID: 29229998; PMCID: PMC5864235.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 63     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    24. Bioenergetic regulation of microglia. Glia. 2018 06; 66(6):1200-1212. Ghosh S, Castillo E, Frias ES, Swanson RA. PMID: 29219210; PMCID: PMC5903989.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 112     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    25. Bioenergetic state regulates innate inflammatory responses through the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP. Nat Commun. 2017 09 22; 8(1):624. Shen Y, Kapfhamer D, Minnella AM, Kim JE, Won SJ, Chen Y, Huang Y, Low LH, Massa SM, Swanson RA. PMID: 28935892; PMCID: PMC5608947.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 55     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    26. A data-driven approach for evaluating multi-modal therapy in traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep. 2017 02 16; 7:42474. Haefeli J, Ferguson AR, Bingham D, Orr A, Won SJ, Lam TI, Shi J, Hawley S, Liu J, Swanson RA, Massa SM. PMID: 28205533; PMCID: PMC5311970.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    27. Preclinical modelling of militarily relevant traumatic brain injuries: Challenges and recommendations for future directions. Brain Inj. 2017; 31(9):1168-1176. Cernak I, Stein DG, Elder GA, Ahlers S, Curley K, DePalma RG, Duda J, Ikonomovic M, Iverson GL, Kobeissy F, Koliatsos VE, Leggieri MJ, Pacifico AM, Smith DH, Swanson R, Thompson FJ, Tortella FC. PMID: 28981339; PMCID: PMC9351990.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    28. Akt1-Inhibitor of DNA binding2 is essential for growth cone formation and axon growth and promotes central nervous system axon regeneration. Elife. 2016 12 12; 5. Ko HR, Kwon IS, Hwang I, Jin EJ, Shin JH, Brennan-Minnella AM, Swanson R, Cho SW, Lee KH, Ahn JY. PMID: 27938661; PMCID: PMC5153247.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    29. Microglial activation induced by the alarmin S100B is regulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Glia. 2016 11; 64(11):1869-78. Xu J, Wang H, Won SJ, Basu J, Kapfhamer D, Swanson RA. PMID: 27444121; PMCID: PMC7927976.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    30. Neuronal Glutathione Content and Antioxidant Capacity can be Normalized In Situ by N-acetyl Cysteine Concentrations Attained in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. Neurotherapeutics. 2016 Jan; 13(1):217-25. Reyes RC, Cittolin-Santos GF, Kim JE, Won SJ, Brennan-Minnella AM, Katz M, Glass GA, Swanson RA. PMID: 26572666; PMCID: PMC4720670.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    31. Erratum to: Neuronal Glutathione Content and Antioxidant Capacity can be Normalized In Situ by N-acetyl Cysteine Concentrations Attained in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. Neurotherapeutics. 2016 Jan; 13(1):239. Reyes RC, Cittolin-Santos GF, Kim JE, Won SJ, Brennan-Minnella AM, Katz M, Glass GA, Swanson RA. PMID: 26659493; PMCID: PMC4720674.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    32. NF-κB transcriptional activation by TNFα requires phospholipase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. J Neuroinflammation. 2015 Dec 04; 12:229. Vuong B, Hogan-Cann AD, Alano CC, Stevenson M, Chan WY, Anderson CM, Swanson RA, Kauppinen TM. PMID: 26637332; PMCID: PMC4670503.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    33. Targeted Lipid Profiling Discovers Plasma Biomarkers of Acute Brain Injury. PLoS One. 2015; 10(6):e0129735. Sheth SA, Iavarone AT, Liebeskind DS, Won SJ, Swanson RA. PMID: 26076478; PMCID: PMC4468135.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    34. Robust neuroprosthetic control from the stroke perilesional cortex. J Neurosci. 2015 Jun 03; 35(22):8653-61. Gulati T, Won SJ, Ramanathan DS, Wong CC, Bodepudi A, Swanson RA, Ganguly K. PMID: 26041930; PMCID: PMC6605327.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    35. Assessment at the single-cell level identifies neuronal glutathione depletion as both a cause and effect of ischemia-reperfusion oxidative stress. J Neurosci. 2015 May 06; 35(18):7143-52. Won SJ, Kim JE, Cittolin-Santos GF, Swanson RA. PMID: 25948264; PMCID: PMC4420782.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    36. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of N-acetylcysteine after oral administration in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 May; 21(5):500-3. Katz M, Won SJ, Park Y, Orr A, Jones DP, Swanson RA, Glass GA. PMID: 25765302.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Tat-NR2B9c prevents excitotoxic neuronal superoxide production. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015 May; 35(5):739-42. Chen Y, Brennan-Minnella AM, Sheth S, El-Benna J, Swanson RA. PMID: 25669908; PMCID: PMC4420863.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    38. NADPH oxidase-2: linking glucose, acidosis, and excitotoxicity in stroke. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015 Jan 10; 22(2):161-74. Brennan-Minnella AM, Won SJ, Swanson RA. PMID: 24628477; PMCID: PMC4281853.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. NR2B phosphorylation at tyrosine 1472 contributes to brain injury in a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Stroke. 2014 Oct; 45(10):3040-7. Knox R, Brennan-Minnella AM, Lu F, Yang D, Nakazawa T, Yamamoto T, Swanson RA, Ferriero DM, Jiang X. PMID: 25158771; PMCID: PMC4175024.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    40. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are scavenged by Cockayne syndrome B protein in human fibroblasts without nuclear DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Sep 16; 111(37):13487-92. Cleaver JE, Brennan-Minnella AM, Swanson RA, Fong KW, Chen J, Chou KM, Chen YW, Revet I, Bezrookove V. PMID: 25136123; PMCID: PMC4169934.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    41. Brain glycogen--vestigial no more. Foreword. Metab Brain Dis. 2015 Feb; 30(1):251-3. Swanson RA. PMID: 25060966.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    42. Opposing effects of glucose on stroke and reperfusion injury: acidosis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. Stroke. 2014 Jun; 45(6):1881-6. Robbins NM, Swanson RA. PMID: 24743441; PMCID: PMC4102697.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 63     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    43. A systematic survey of lipids across mouse tissues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Apr 15; 306(8):E854-68. Jain M, Ngoy S, Sheth SA, Swanson RA, Rhee EP, Liao R, Clish CB, Mootha VK, Nilsson R. PMID: 24518676; PMCID: PMC3989739.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    44. Glucose, acid, and aspartate: Friends and foes of the axon. Ann Neurol. 2014 Apr; 75(4):490-1. Swanson RA. PMID: 24272667; PMCID: PMC4074545.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    45. Intracellular pH reduction prevents excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal death by inhibiting NADPH oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 12; 110(46):E4362-8. Lam TI, Brennan-Minnella AM, Won SJ, Shen Y, Hefner C, Shi Y, Sun D, Swanson RA. PMID: 24163350; PMCID: PMC3832003.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    46. Sirtuins in neurodegenerative diseases: an update on potential mechanisms. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013 Sep 25; 5:53. Min SW, Sohn PD, Cho SH, Swanson RA, Gan L. PMID: 24093018; PMCID: PMC3782645.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54  
    47. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: a treatable cause of cell death in stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2014 Feb; 5(1):136-44. Baxter P, Chen Y, Xu Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 24323707; PMCID: PMC4034530.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    48. 10th International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism. Preface. J Neurosci Res. 2013 Aug; 91(8):1005-6. Swanson R, Schouboe A, McKenna MC. PMID: 23798354.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    49. Beneficial effects of minocycline and botulinum toxin-induced constraint physical therapy following experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 Nov-Dec; 27(9):889-99. Lam TI, Bingham D, Chang TJ, Lee CC, Shi J, Wang D, Massa S, Swanson RA, Liu J. PMID: 23778701.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    50. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-induced NAD(+) depletion promotes nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity by preventing p65 de-acetylation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Aug; 1833(8):1985-91. Kauppinen TM, Gan L, Swanson RA. PMID: 23597856; PMCID: PMC4041949.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    51. Activation of neuronal NMDA receptors induces superoxide-mediated oxidative stress in neighboring neurons and astrocytes. J Neurosci. 2012 Sep 12; 32(37):12973-8. Reyes RC, Brennan AM, Shen Y, Baldwin Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 22973021; PMCID: PMC3478885.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    52. Recurrent/moderate hypoglycemia induces hippocampal dendritic injury, microglial activation, and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. J Neuroinflammation. 2012 Jul 25; 9:182. Won SJ, Yoo BH, Kauppinen TM, Choi BY, Kim JH, Jang BG, Lee MW, Sohn M, Liu J, Swanson RA, Suh SW. PMID: 22830525; PMCID: PMC3458941.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. Prevention of traumatic brain injury-induced neuron death by intranasal delivery of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. J Neurotrauma. 2012 May 01; 29(7):1401-9. Won SJ, Choi BY, Yoo BH, Sohn M, Ying W, Swanson RA, Suh SW. PMID: 22352983; PMCID: PMC5972775.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    54. One cell's poison is another cell's cure. Nat Neurosci. 2012 Mar 27; 15(4):505-6. Swanson RA. PMID: 22449958.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    55. Microglial activation induced by brain trauma is suppressed by post-injury treatment with a PARP inhibitor. J Neuroinflammation. 2012 Feb 15; 9:31. d'Avila JC, Lam TI, Bingham D, Shi J, Won SJ, Kauppinen TM, Massa S, Liu J, Swanson RA. PMID: 22335939; PMCID: PMC3298794.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 72     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    56. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 modulates microglial responses to amyloid β. J Neuroinflammation. 2011 Nov 03; 8:152. Kauppinen TM, Suh SW, Higashi Y, Berman AE, Escartin C, Won SJ, Wang C, Cho SH, Gan L, Swanson RA. PMID: 22051244; PMCID: PMC3247192.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    57. Hyperglycemia promotes tissue plasminogen activator-induced hemorrhage by Increasing superoxide production. Ann Neurol. 2011 Oct; 70(4):583-90. Won SJ, Tang XN, Suh SW, Yenari MA, Swanson RA. PMID: 22002675; PMCID: PMC4554391.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 72     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    58. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 facilitates neuronal glutathione synthesis by upregulating neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter 3 expression. J Neurosci. 2011 May 18; 31(20):7392-401. Escartin C, Won SJ, Malgorn C, Auregan G, Berman AE, Chen PC, Déglon N, Johnson JA, Suh SW, Swanson RA. PMID: 21593323; PMCID: PMC3339848.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    59. N-acetylcysteine prevents loss of dopaminergic neurons in the EAAC1-/- mouse. Ann Neurol. 2011 Mar; 69(3):509-20. Berman AE, Chan WY, Brennan AM, Reyes RC, Adler BL, Suh SW, Kauppinen TM, Edling Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 21446024; PMCID: PMC4096233.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 74     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    60. EAAC1 gene deletion alters zinc homeostasis and exacerbates neuronal injury after transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci. 2010 Nov 17; 30(46):15409-18. Won SJ, Yoo BH, Brennan AM, Shin BS, Kauppinen TM, Berman AE, Swanson RA, Suh SW. PMID: 21084597; PMCID: PMC6633677.
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    61. Microglial activation in stroke: therapeutic targets. Neurotherapeutics. 2010 Oct; 7(4):378-91. Yenari MA, Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA. PMID: 20880502; PMCID: PMC5084300.
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    62. Digitally quantifying cerebral hemorrhage using Photoshop and Image J. J Neurosci Methods. 2010 Jul 15; 190(2):240-3. Tang XN, Berman AE, Swanson RA, Yenari MA. PMID: 20452374; PMCID: PMC2898728.
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    63. Astrocytic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation leads to bioenergetic depletion and inhibition of glutamate uptake capacity. Glia. 2010 Mar; 58(4):446-57. Tang KS, Suh SW, Alano CC, Shao Z, Hunt WT, Swanson RA, Anderson CM. PMID: 19795500.
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    64. NAD+ depletion is necessary and sufficient for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated neuronal death. J Neurosci. 2010 Feb 24; 30(8):2967-78. Alano CC, Garnier P, Ying W, Higashi Y, Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA. PMID: 20181594; PMCID: PMC2864043.
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    65. Pyruvate protects against experimental stroke via an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Neurobiol Dis. 2009 Oct; 36(1):223-31. Wang Q, van Hoecke M, Tang XN, Lee H, Zheng Z, Swanson RA, Yenari MA. PMID: 19635562; PMCID: PMC2742567.
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    66. NADPH oxidase is the primary source of superoxide induced by NMDA receptor activation. Nat Neurosci. 2009 Jul; 12(7):857-63. Brennan AM, Suh SW, Won SJ, Narasimhan P, Kauppinen TM, Lee H, Edling Y, Chan PH, Swanson RA. PMID: 19503084; PMCID: PMC2746760.
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    67. Astrocyte cultures exhibit P2X7 receptor channel opening in the absence of exogenous ligands. Glia. 2009 Apr 15; 57(6):622-33. Nagasawa K, Escartin C, Swanson RA. PMID: 18942742.
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    68. Selective down-regulation of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. PLoS One. 2009; 4(3):e4896. Burns DM, Ying W, Kauppinen TM, Zhu K, Swanson RA. PMID: 19319190; PMCID: PMC2655720.
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    69. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase suppresses inflammation and promotes recovery after ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2009 Apr; 29(4):820-9. Kauppinen TM, Suh SW, Berman AE, Hamby AM, Swanson RA. PMID: 19190653.
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    70. Glucose and NADPH oxidase drive neuronal superoxide formation in stroke. Ann Neurol. 2008 Dec; 64(6):654-63. Suh SW, Shin BS, Ma H, Van Hoecke M, Brennan AM, Yenari MA, Swanson RA. PMID: 19107988; PMCID: PMC4304737.
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    71. Sequential release of nitric oxide, zinc, and superoxide in hypoglycemic neuronal death. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Oct; 28(10):1697-706. Suh SW, Hamby AM, Gum ET, Shin BS, Won SJ, Sheline CT, Chan PH, Swanson RA. PMID: 18545258.
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    72. Zinc triggers microglial activation. J Neurosci. 2008 May 28; 28(22):5827-35. Kauppinen TM, Higashi Y, Suh SW, Escartin C, Nagasawa K, Swanson RA. PMID: 18509044; PMCID: PMC2680357.
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    73. Differences among cell types in NAD(+) compartmentalization: a comparison of neurons, astrocytes, and cardiac myocytes. J Neurosci Res. 2007 Nov 15; 85(15):3378-85. Alano CC, Tran A, Tao R, Ying W, Karliner JS, Swanson RA. PMID: 17853438.
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    74. Hypoglycemia, brain energetics, and hypoglycemic neuronal death. Glia. 2007 Sep; 55(12):1280-1286. Suh SW, Hamby AM, Swanson RA. PMID: 17659530.
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    75. Inhibition of mitochondrial function in astrocytes: implications for neuroprotection. J Neurochem. 2007 Aug; 102(4):1383-94. Voloboueva LA, Suh SW, Swanson RA, Giffard RG. PMID: 17488276; PMCID: PMC3175820.
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    76. Zinc inhibits astrocyte glutamate uptake by activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Mol Med. 2007 Jul-Aug; 13(7-8):344-9. Suh SW, Aoyama K, Alano CC, Anderson CM, Hamby AM, Swanson RA. PMID: 17728843; PMCID: PMC1952665.
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    77. Hypoglycemic neuronal death is triggered by glucose reperfusion and activation of neuronal NADPH oxidase. J Clin Invest. 2007 Apr; 117(4):910-8. Suh SW, Gum ET, Hamby AM, Chan PH, Swanson RA. PMID: 17404617; PMCID: PMC1838937.
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    78. Hyaluronan-CD44 interaction stimulates Rac1 signaling and PKN gamma kinase activation leading to cytoskeleton function and cell migration in astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2007 May; 101(4):1002-17. Bourguignon LY, Gilad E, Peyrollier K, Brightman A, Swanson RA. PMID: 17403031.
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    79. Use of a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor to suppress inflammation and neuronal death after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Stroke. 2007 Feb; 38(2 Suppl):632-6. Hamby AM, Suh SW, Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA. PMID: 17261705.
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    80. Astrocyte glycogen sustains neuronal activity during hypoglycemia: studies with the glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor CP-316,819 ([R-R*,S*]-5-chloro-N-[2-hydroxy-3-(methoxymethylamino)-3-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Apr; 321(1):45-50. Suh SW, Bergher JP, Anderson CM, Treadway JL, Fosgerau K, Swanson RA. PMID: 17251391.
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    81. INTRODUCTION: Immune mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Clin Neurosci Res. 2006 Dec; 6(5):225. Yenari MA, Swanson RA. PMID: 17464366; PMCID: PMC1857289.
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    83. Intracerebral hematoma: beyond the mass lesion. Stroke. 2006 Oct; 37(10):2445. Swanson RA. PMID: 16960087.
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    84. Minocycline inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 at nanomolar concentrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 20; 103(25):9685-90. Alano CC, Kauppinen TM, Valls AV, Swanson RA. PMID: 16769901; PMCID: PMC1480467.
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    85. Pyruvate improves recovery after PARP-1-associated energy failure induced by oxidative stress in neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Feb; 27(2):304-15. Zeng J, Yang GY, Ying W, Kelly M, Hirai K, James TL, Swanson RA, Litt L. PMID: 16736046.
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    86. Players in the PARP-1 cell-death pathway: JNK1 joins the cast. Trends Biochem Sci. 2006 Jun; 31(6):309-11. Alano CC, Swanson RA. PMID: 16679020.
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    87. Direct phosphorylation and regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 02; 103(18):7136-41. Kauppinen TM, Chan WY, Suh SW, Wiggins AK, Huang EJ, Swanson RA. PMID: 16627622; PMCID: PMC1459030.
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    88. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 hyperactivation and impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I function in reperfused mouse hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Aug; 291(2):H714-23. Zhou HZ, Swanson RA, Simonis U, Ma X, Cecchini G, Gray MO. PMID: 16582021.
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    89. Neuronal glutathione deficiency and age-dependent neurodegeneration in the EAAC1 deficient mouse. Nat Neurosci. 2006 Jan; 9(1):119-26. Aoyama K, Suh SW, Hamby AM, Liu J, Chan WY, Chen Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 16311588.
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    90. NADH can enter into astrocytes and block poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated astrocyte death. Neuroreport. 2005 Aug 01; 16(11):1209-12. Zhu K, Swanson RA, Ying W. PMID: 16012350.
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    91. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation in a primate model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res. 2005 Jul 15; 81(2):190-8. Kauppinen TM, Suh SW, Genain CP, Swanson RA. PMID: 15931673.
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    92. Ischemia-induced programmed cell death in astrocytes. Glia. 2005 Jun; 50(4):299-306. Giffard RG, Swanson RA. PMID: 15846803.
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    93. Pyruvate administered after severe hypoglycemia reduces neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Diabetes. 2005 May; 54(5):1452-8. Suh SW, Aoyama K, Matsumori Y, Liu J, Swanson RA. PMID: 15855333.
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    94. Acidosis causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase-12-mediated astrocyte death. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005 Mar; 25(3):358-70. Aoyama K, Burns DM, Suh SW, Garnier P, Matsumori Y, Shiina H, Swanson RA. PMID: 15689959.
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    95. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 promotes microglial activation, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated neuron death. J Immunol. 2005 Feb 15; 174(4):2288-96. Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA. PMID: 15699164.
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    96. Hypoglycemia induces transient neurogenesis and subsequent progenitor cell loss in the rat hippocampus. Diabetes. 2005 Feb; 54(2):500-9. Suh SW, Fan Y, Hong SM, Liu Z, Matsumori Y, Weinstein PR, Swanson RA, Liu J. PMID: 15677508.
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    97. NAD+ as a metabolic link between DNA damage and cell death. J Neurosci Res. 2005 Jan 1-15; 79(1-2):216-23. Ying W, Alano CC, Garnier P, Swanson RA. PMID: 15562437.
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    98. Zinc release contributes to hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death. Neurobiol Dis. 2004 Aug; 16(3):538-45. Suh SW, Garnier P, Aoyama K, Chen Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 15262265.
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    99. Hypoxia induces caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation without neuronal death in gerbil brains. Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Aug; 20(4):937-46. Garnier P, Prigent-Tessier A, Van Hoecke M, Bertrand N, Demougeot C, Sordet O, Swanson RA, Marie C, Beley A. PMID: 15305862.
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    100. Using 31P NMR spectroscopy at 14.1 Tesla to investigate PARP-1 associated energy failure and metabolic rescue in cerebrocortical slices. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2004 Aug; 36(4):415-9. Zeng J, Hirai K, Yang GY, Ying W, Swanson RA, Kelly M, Mayer M, James TL, Litt L. PMID: 15377881.
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    101. Astrocyte influences on ischemic neuronal death. Curr Mol Med. 2004 Mar; 4(2):193-205. Swanson RA, Ying W, Kauppinen TM. PMID: 15032713.
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    102. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated cell death in astrocytes requires NAD+ depletion and mitochondrial permeability transition. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 30; 279(18):18895-902. Alano CC, Ying W, Swanson RA. PMID: 14960594.
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    103. Alternative, nonapoptotic programmed cell death: mediation by arrestin 2, ERK2, and Nur77. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 23; 279(17):17543-53. Castro-Obregón S, Rao RV, del Rio G, Chen SF, Poksay KS, Rabizadeh S, Vesce S, Zhang XK, Swanson RA, Bredesen DE. PMID: 14769794.
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    104. Human serum albumin and its N-terminal tetrapeptide (DAHK) block oxidant-induced neuronal death. Stroke. 2004 Feb; 35(2):590-5. Gum ET, Swanson RA, Alano C, Liu J, Hong S, Weinstein PR, Panter SS. PMID: 14726550.
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    105. ATP-induced ATP release from astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2004 Jan; 88(1):246-56. Anderson CM, Bergher JP, Swanson RA. PMID: 14675168.
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    106. Hypoglycemic neuronal death and cognitive impairment are prevented by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors administered after hypoglycemia. J Neurosci. 2003 Nov 19; 23(33):10681-90. Suh SW, Aoyama K, Chen Y, Garnier P, Matsumori Y, Gum E, Liu J, Swanson RA. PMID: 14627653; PMCID: PMC6740913.
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    107. Overexpression of rat heat shock protein 70 reduces neuronal injury after transient focal ischemia, transient global ischemia, or kainic acid-induced seizures. Neurosurgery. 2003 Nov; 53(5):1179-87; discussion 1187-8. Tsuchiya D, Hong S, Matsumori Y, Kayama T, Swanson RA, Dillman WH, Liu J, Panter SS, Weinstein PR. PMID: 14580286.
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    108. Expression and activity of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in cultured astrocytes, neurons, and C6 glioma cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 Oct 07; 117(2):213-20. Sevigny MB, Silva JM, Lan WC, Alano CC, Swanson RA. PMID: 14559156.
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    109. NAD+ repletion prevents PARP-1-induced glycolytic blockade and cell death in cultured mouse astrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Sep 05; 308(4):809-13. Ying W, Garnier P, Swanson RA. PMID: 12927790.
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    110. Ischemic preconditioning by caspase cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. J Neurosci. 2003 Sep 03; 23(22):7967-73. Garnier P, Ying W, Swanson RA. PMID: 12954857; PMCID: PMC6740500.
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    111. Cerebral ischemia and infarction from atheroemboli <100 microm in Size. Stroke. 2003 Aug; 34(8):1976-80. Rapp JH, Pan XM, Yu B, Swanson RA, Higashida RT, Simpson P, Saloner D. PMID: 12855822.
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    112. Overexpression of rat heat shock protein 70 is associated with reduction of early mitochondrial cytochrome C release and subsequent DNA fragmentation after permanent focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Jun; 23(6):718-27. Tsuchiya D, Hong S, Matsumori Y, Shiina H, Kayama T, Swanson RA, Dillman WH, Liu J, Panter SS, Weinstein PR. PMID: 12796720.
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    113. Extracellular conversion of guanine-based purines to guanosine specifically enhances astrocyte glutamate uptake. Brain Res. 2003 May 16; 972(1-2):84-9. Frizzo ME, Antunes Soares FA, Dall'Onder LP, Lara DR, Swanson RA, Souza DO. PMID: 12711081.
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    114. The glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3 mediate cysteine uptake in cortical neuron cultures. J Neurochem. 2003 Mar; 84(6):1332-9. Chen Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 12614333.
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    115. P2X7 receptor-mediated release of excitatory amino acids from astrocytes. J Neurosci. 2003 Feb 15; 23(4):1320-8. Duan S, Anderson CM, Keung EC, Chen Y, Chen Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 12598620; PMCID: PMC6742264.
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    116. Astrocytes and brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Feb; 23(2):137-49. Chen Y, Swanson RA. PMID: 12571445.
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    117. Heat shock - induced Hsp70 expression in murine astrocytes does not require poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2003; 13(5):297-300. Sevigny M, Garnier P, Kauppinen T, Swanson R. PMID: 14586173.
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    118. Tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates prevent PARP-mediated death of neurons and astrocytes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002 Jul; 22(7):774-9. Ying W, Chen Y, Alano CC, Swanson RA. PMID: 12142562.
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