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Helen Kim, MPH, PhD

Title(s)Professor, Anesthesia
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Phone628-206-8906
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-1937-354X Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    University of California, San Francisco, CA2019Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    My research focuses on identifying risk factors that predispose younger individuals to stroke and cardiovascular disease. Currently, my group is studying the genetic epidemiology of hemorrhagic stroke and modifiers of outcome after hemorrhage or treatment in patients with brain vascular malformations. I collaborate closely with a multidisciplinary group of investigators at the UCSF Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Oakland, Duke University, and the University of New Mexico. Several large case-cohort studies of brain arteriovenous malformations, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral cavernous malformations, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia are underway. These vascular-related disorders, while distinct, share to some degree similar clinical symptoms and features. We are taking both candidate gene and genome-wide approaches to identify genetic factors associated with disease susceptibility and progression, including SNP and expression arrays, and next-gen sequencing. Additional research interests include investigating approaches for population stratification, multivariate phenotypes, admixture mapping, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Long-term outcomes in unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation patients
    NIH/NINDS R01NS099268May 15, 2017 - Apr 30, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium: Predictor's of Clinical Course
    NIH/NINDS U54NS065705Sep 30, 2009 - Jun 30, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Genetic influences on clinical outcome in brain arteriovenous malformations
    NIH/NINDS K23NS058357Jul 1, 2008 - Jun 30, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Predictors of spontaneous cerebral AVM hemorrhage
    NIH/NINDS R01NS034949Sep 30, 1995 - Nov 30, 2007
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Collapse Clinical Trials
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    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Winkler EA, Lu A, Morshed RA, Yue JK, Rutledge WC, Burkhardt JK, Patel AB, Ammanuel SG, Braunstein S, Fox CK, Fullerton HJ, Kim H, Cooke D, Hetts SW, Lawton MT, Abla AA, Gupta N. Bringing high-grade arteriovenous malformations under control: clinical outcomes following multimodality treatment in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020 Apr 10; 1-10. PMID: 32276243.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Morshed RA, Winkler EA, Kim H, Braunstein S, Cooke DL, Hetts SW, Abla AA, Fullerton HJ, Gupta N. High-Flow Vascular Malformations in Children. Semin Neurol. 2020 Apr 06. PMID: 32252098.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Shirali AS, Lluri G, Guihard PJ, Conrad MB, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Boström KI, Iruela-Arispe ML, Aboulhosn JA. Angiopoietin-2 predicts morbidity in adults with Fontan physiology. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 04; 9(1):18328. PMID: 31797976.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Tang AT, Sullivan KR, Hong CC, Goddard LM, Mahadevan A, Ren A, Pardo H, Peiper A, Griffin E, Tanes C, Mattei LM, Yang J, Li L, Mericko-Ishizuka P, Shen L, Hobson N, Girard R, Lightle R, Moore T, Shenkar R, Polster SP, Roedel CJ, Li N, Zhu Q, Whitehead KJ, Zheng X, Akers A, Morrison L, Kim H, Bittinger K, Lengner CJ, Schwaninger M, Velcich A, Augenlicht L, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Min W, Marchuk DA, Awad IA, Kahn ML. Distinct cellular roles for PDCD10 define a gut-brain axis in cerebral cavernous malformation. Sci Transl Med. 2019 11 27; 11(520). PMID: 31776290.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Rutledge C, Nelson J, Lu A, Nisson P, Jonzzon S, Winkler EA, Cooke D, Abla AA, Lawton MT, Kim H. Cost determinants in management of brain arteriovenous malformations. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 01; 162(1):169-173. PMID: 31760534.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Mabray MC, Caprihan A, Nelson J, McCulloch CE, Zafar A, Kim H, Hart BL, Morrison L. Effect of Simvastatin on Permeability in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Type 1 Patients: Results from a Pilot Small Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Transl Stroke Res. 2019 Oct 23. PMID: 31643041.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Donzelli GF, Nelson J, McCoy D, McCulloch CE, Hetts SW, Amans MR, Dowd CF, Halbach VV, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Kim H, Cooke DL. The effect of preoperative embolization and flow dynamics on resection of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2019 May 17; 1-9. PMID: 31100732.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Zafar A, Quadri SA, Farooqui M, Ikram A, Robinson M, Hart BL, Mabray MC, Vigil C, Tang AT, Kahn ML, Yonas H, Lawton MT, Kim H, Morrison L. Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Stroke. 2019 05; 50(5):1294-1301. PMID: 30909834.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Polster SP, Cao Y, Carroll T, Flemming K, Girard R, Hanley D, Hobson N, Kim H, Koenig J, Koskimäki J, Lane K, Majersik JJ, McBee N, Morrison L, Shenkar R, Stadnik A, Thompson RE, Zabramski J, Zeineddine HA, Awad IA. Trial Readiness in Cavernous Angiomas With Symptomatic Hemorrhage (CASH). Neurosurgery. 2019 04 01; 84(4):954-964. PMID: 29660039.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Nisson PL, Fard SA, Walter CM, Johnstone CM, Mooney MA, Tayebi Meybodi A, Lang M, Kim H, Jahnke H, Roe DJ, Dumont TM, Lemole GM, Spetzler RF, Lawton MT. A novel proposed grading system for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2019 Mar 08; 1-11. PMID: 30849761.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Kimberly Yan, Nerissa U Ko, Steven Hetts, Adib A Abla, Michael T Lawton, Helen Kim. Abstract TP581: Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Women With Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture During Pregnancy. Stroke. 2019 Feb 1; 50(Suppl_1).
      View in: Publisher Site
    12. Helen Kim, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Kelly D Flemming, Alexander C Flint, Christopher P Hess, Steven Hetts, Timo Krings, Aki Laakso, Giuseppe Lanzino, Michael T Lawton, Charles E McCulloch, Jay P Mohr, Michael K Morgan, Claudia S Moy, Peter Nakaji, Victor M Pereira, Diego Sgarabotto Ribeiro, Christian Stapf, Marco A Stefani, Jonathan G Zaroff, Yuanli Zhao. Abstract TP585: Long-Term Outcomes in Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Patients: The Multicenter Arteriovenous Malformation Research Study (MARS). Stroke. 2019 Feb 1; 50(Suppl_1).
      View in: Publisher Site
    13. Sean P Polster, Le Shen, Anukriti Sharma, Agnieszka Stadnik, Julian Carrion-Penagos, Romuald Girard, Janne Koskimäki, Sharbel Romanos, Seán Lyne, Robert Shenkar, Ying Cao, Kimberly Yan, Connie Lee, Amy Akers, Leslie Morrison, Myranda Robinson, Atif Zafar, Alan Tang, Patricia Mericko-Ishizuka, Jack A Gilbert, Helen Kim, Mark Kahn, Issam A Awad. Abstract TMP107: Microbiome Signature of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Patients. Stroke. 2019 Feb 1; 50(Suppl_1).
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    14. Saparia T, Faughnan ME, Schneider JL, Almers LM, Chow N, Grosse SD, Kim H, Zaroff JG. Assessing the Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Algorithms in a Community-Based Patient Population. Perm J. 2019; 23. PMID: 30939282.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Winkler EA, Birk H, Burkhardt JK, Chen X, Yue JK, Guo D, Rutledge WC, Lasker GF, Partow C, Tihan T, Chang EF, Su H, Kim H, Walcott BP, Lawton MT. Reductions in brain pericytes are associated with arteriovenous malformation vascular instability. J Neurosurg. 2018 12 01; 129(6):1464-1474. PMID: 29303444.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Burkhardt JK, Lasker GF, Winkler EA, Kim H, Lawton MT. Microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations in the elderly: outcomes analysis and risk stratification. J Neurosurg. 2018 11 01; 129(5):1107-1113. PMID: 29271715.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Mascitelli JR, Yoon S, Cole TS, Kim H, Lawton MT. Does eloquence subtype influence outcome following arteriovenous malformation surgery? J Neurosurg. 2018 10 05; 131(3):876-883. PMID: 30497229.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Nisson PL, Fard SA, Meybodi AT, Mooney MA, Kim H, Jahnke H, Walter CM, Dumont TM, Lemole GM, Lawton MT, Spetzler RF. The Unique Features and Outcomes of Microsurgically Resected Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg. 2018 Dec; 120:e940-e949. PMID: 30189312.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Wu CX, Ma L, Chen XZ, Chen XL, Chen Y, Zhao YL, Hess C, Kim H, Jin HW, Ma J. Evaluation of Angioarchitectural Features of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation by Susceptibility Weighted Imaging. World Neurosurg. 2018 Aug; 116:e1015-e1022. PMID: 29859363.
      View in: PubMed
    20. LaHue SC, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Nelson J, Cooke DL, Hetts SW, Singh V. Frequency and characteristics associated with inherited thrombophilia in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula. J Neurosurg. 2018 Apr 01; 1-5. PMID: 29624150.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Pawlikowska L, Nelson J, Guo DE, McCulloch CE, Lawton MT, Kim H, Faughnan ME. Association of common candidate variants with vascular malformations and intracranial hemorrhage in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2018 05; 6(3):350-356. PMID: 29932521.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Alexander MD, Hippe DS, Cooke DL, Hallam DK, Hetts SW, Kim H, Lawton MT, Sekhar LN, Kim LJ, Ghodke BV. Targeted Embolization of Aneurysms Associated With Brain Arteriovenous Malformations at High Risk for Surgical Resection: A Case-Control Study. Neurosurgery. 2018 03 01; 82(3):343-349. PMID: 28419337.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Yu JF, Nicholson AD, Nelson J, Alexander MD, Tse SH, Hetts SW, Hemphill JC, Kim H, Cooke DL. Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage volume and distribution in brain arteriovenous malformation. Interv Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr; 24(2):183-188. PMID: 29343148.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Meybodi AT, Kim H, Nelson J, Hetts SW, Krings T, terBrugge KG, Faughnan ME, Lawton MT. Surgical Treatment vs Nonsurgical Treatment for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Retrospective Multicenter Consortium Study. Neurosurgery. 2018 Jan 01; 82(1):35-47. PMID: 28973426.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Burkhardt JK, Chen X, Winkler EA, Weiss M, Yue JK, Cooke DL, Kim H, Lawton MT. Early Hemodynamic Changes Based on Initial Color-Coding Angiography as a Predictor for Developing Subsequent Symptomatic Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg. 2018 Jan; 109:e363-e373. PMID: 28987853.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Hetts SW, Yen A, Cooke DL, Nelson J, Jolivalt P, Banaga J, Amans MR, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Kim H, Halbach VV. Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Dec; 38(12):2315-2320. PMID: 28970244.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Cooke DL, McCoy DB, Halbach VV, Hetts SW, Amans MR, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Lawson D, Nelson J, Wang CY, Kim H, Werb Z, McCulloch C, Hashimoto T, Su H, Sun Z. Endovascular Biopsy: In Vivo Cerebral Aneurysm Endothelial Cell Sampling and Gene Expression Analysis. Transl Stroke Res. 2018 02; 9(1):20-33. PMID: 28900857.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Mohr JP, Overbey JR, von Kummer R, Stefani MA, Libman R, Stapf C, Parides MK, Pile-Spellman J, Moquete E, Moy CS, Vicaut E, Moskowitz AJ, Harkness K, Cordonnier C, Biondi A, Houdart E, Berkefeld J, Klijn CJM, Barreau X, Kim H, Hartmann A. Functional impairments for outcomes in a randomized trial of unruptured brain AVMs. Neurology. 2017 Oct 03; 89(14):1499-1506. PMID: 28878048.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Chen X, Cooke DL, Saloner D, Nelson J, Su H, Lawton MT, Hess C, Tihan T, Zhao Y, Kim H. Higher Flow Is Present in Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformations With Silent Intralesional Microhemorrhages. Stroke. 2017 10; 48(10):2881-2884. PMID: 28855391.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Kasthuri RS, Montifar M, Nelson J, Kim H, Lawton MT, Faughnan ME. Prevalence and predictors of anemia in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Am J Hematol. 2017 Jun 22. PMID: 28639385.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Zou X, Hart BL, Mabray M, Bartlett MR, Bian W, Nelson J, Morrison LA, McCulloch CE, Hess CP, Lupo JM, Kim H. Automated algorithm for counting microbleeds in patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformations. Neuroradiology. 2017 Jul; 59(7):685-690. PMID: 28534135.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Tang AT, Choi JP, Kotzin JJ, Yang Y, Hong CC, Hobson N, Girard R, Zeineddine HA, Lightle R, Moore T, Cao Y, Shenkar R, Chen M, Mericko P, Yang J, Li L, Tanes C, Kobuley D, Võsa U, Whitehead KJ, Li DY, Franke L, Hart B, Schwaninger M, Henao-Mejia J, Morrison L, Kim H, Awad IA, Zheng X, Kahn ML. Endothelial TLR4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations. Nature. 2017 05 18; 545(7654):305-310. PMID: 28489816.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Akers A, Al-Shahi Salman R, A Awad I, Dahlem K, Flemming K, Hart B, Kim H, Jusue-Torres I, Kondziolka D, Lee C, Morrison L, Rigamonti D, Rebeiz T, Tournier-Lasserve E, Waggoner D, Whitehead K. Synopsis of Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Consensus Recommendations Based on Systematic Literature Review by the Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board Clinical Experts Panel. Neurosurgery. 2017 May 01; 80(5):665-680. PMID: 28387823.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Burkhardt JK, Chen X, Winkler EA, Cooke DL, Kim H, Lawton MT. Delayed Venous Drainage in Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformations Based on Quantitative Color-Coded Digital Subtraction Angiography. World Neurosurg. 2017 Aug; 104:619-627. PMID: 28457930.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Strickland CD, Eberhardt SC, Bartlett MR, Nelson J, Kim H, Morrison LA, Hart BL. Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Are Associated with Adrenal Calcifications on CT Scans: An Imaging Biomarker for a Hereditary Cerebrovascular Condition. Radiology. 2017 08; 284(2):443-450. PMID: 28318403.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Ma L, Kim H, Chen XL, Wu CX, Ma J, Su H, Zhao Y. Morbidity after Hemorrhage in Children with Untreated Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017; 43(5-6):231-241. PMID: 28241126.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Pekmezci M, Nelson J, Su H, Hess C, Lawton MT, Sonmez M, Young WL, Kim H, Tihan T. Morphometric characterization of brain arteriovenous malformations for clinical and radiological studies to identify silent intralesional microhemorrhages. Clin Neuropathol. 2016 May-Jun; 35(3):114-21. PMID: 27049066.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Alexander MD, Cooke DL, Hallam DK, Kim H, Hetts SW, Ghodke BV. Less can be more: Targeted embolization of aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformations unsuitable for surgical resection. Interv Neuroradiol. 2016 Aug; 22(4):445-51. PMID: 27066813.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Weinsheimer S, Bendjilali N, Nelson J, Guo DE, Zaroff JG, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Al-Shahi Salman R, Berg JN, Koeleman BP, Simon M, Bostroem A, Fontanella M, Sturiale CL, Pola R, Puca A, Lawton MT, Young WL, Pawlikowska L, Klijn CJ, Kim H. Genome-wide association study of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016 09; 87(9):916-23. PMID: 26818729.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Choquet H, Trapani E, Goitre L, Trabalzini L, Akers A, Fontanella M, Hart BL, Morrison LA, Pawlikowska L, Kim H, Retta SF. Cytochrome P450 and matrix metalloproteinase genetic modifiers of disease severity in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation type 1. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Mar; 92:100-109. PMID: 26795600.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Eliana Trapani, Saverio Marchi, Helene Choquet, Luca Goitre, Andrea Moglia, Cinzia Antognelli, Simona Delle Monache, Lorenza Trabalzini, Helen Kim, Paolo Pinton, Saverio Francesco Retta. 107 The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) Pathogenesis: From Disease Mechanisms toward Therapeutic Approaches. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2015 Oct 1; 87:s56.
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    42. M Alexander, D Cooke, D Hallam, S Hetts, L Kim, H Kim, B Ghodke. P-035 less can be more: targeted embolization of aneurysms in arteriovenous malformations with no subsequent resection. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2015 Jul 1; 7(Suppl 1):a41.1-a41.
      View in: Publisher Site
    43. Whitlock EL, Kim H, Auerbach AD. Harms associated with single unit perioperative transfusion: retrospective population based analysis. BMJ. 2015 Jun 12; 350:h3037. PMID: 26070979.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Lawton MT, Rutledge WC, Kim H, Stapf C, Whitehead KJ, Li DY, Krings T, terBrugge K, Kondziolka D, Morgan MK, Moon K, Spetzler RF. Brain arteriovenous malformations. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 05 28; 1:15008. PMID: 27188382.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Abla AA, Nelson J, Kim H, Hess CP, Tihan T, Lawton MT. Silent arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage and the recognition of "unruptured" arteriovenous malformation patients who benefit from surgical intervention. Neurosurgery. 2015 May; 76(5):592-600; discussion 600. PMID: 25714514.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Choquet H, Pawlikowska L, Lawton MT, Kim H. Genetics of cerebral cavernous malformations: current status and future prospects. J Neurosurg Sci. 2015 Sep; 59(3):211-20. PMID: 25900426.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Davies JM, Kim H, Lawton MT. Surgical treatment of cerebral cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg Sci. 2015 Sep; 59(3):255-70. PMID: 25881653.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Kim H, Nelson J, Krings T, terBrugge KG, McCulloch CE, Lawton MT, Young WL, Faughnan ME. Hemorrhage rates from brain arteriovenous malformation in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Stroke. 2015 May; 46(5):1362-4. PMID: 25858236.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Pawlikowska L, Nelson J, Guo DE, McCulloch CE, Lawton MT, Young WL, Kim H, Faughnan ME. The ACVRL1 c.314-35A>G polymorphism is associated with organ vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients with ENG mutations, but not in patients with ACVRL1 mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 2015 Jun; 167(6):1262-7. PMID: 25847705.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Alexander MD, Rebhun JM, Hetts SW, Kim AS, Nelson J, Kim H, Amans MR, Settecase F, Dowd CF, Halbach VV, Higashida RT, Cooke DL. Lesion location, stability, and pretreatment management: factors affecting outcomes of endovascular treatment for vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 May; 8(5):466-70. PMID: 25795438.
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    51. Potts MB, Lau D, Abla AA, Kim H, Young WL, Lawton MT. Current surgical results with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2015 Apr; 122(4):912-20. PMID: 25658789.
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    52. Alexander MD, Cooke DL, Nelson J, Guo DE, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Halbach VV, Lawton MT, Kim H, Hetts SW. Association between Venous Angioarchitectural Features of Sporadic Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and Intracranial Hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 May; 36(5):949-52. PMID: 25634722.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Krings T, Kim H, Power S, Nelson J, Faughnan ME, Young WL, terBrugge KG. Neurovascular manifestations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: imaging features and genotype-phenotype correlations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 May; 36(5):863-70. PMID: 25572952.
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    54. Golden MJ, Morrison LA, Kim H, Hart BL. Increased number of white matter lesions in patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 May; 36(5):899-903. PMID: 25556204.
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    55. Kim H, Abla AA, Nelson J, McCulloch CE, Bervini D, Morgan MK, Stapleton C, Walcott BP, Ogilvy CS, Spetzler RF, Lawton MT. Validation of the supplemented Spetzler-Martin grading system for brain arteriovenous malformations in a multicenter cohort of 1009 surgical patients. Neurosurgery. 2015 Jan; 76(1):25-31; discussion 31-2; quiz 32-3. PMID: 25251197.
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    56. Han SJ, Englot DJ, Kim H, Lawton MT. Brainstem arteriovenous malformations: anatomical subtypes, assessment of "occlusion in situ" technique, and microsurgical results. J Neurosurg. 2015 Jan; 122(1):107-17. PMID: 25343188.
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    57. Latino GA, Kim H, Nelson J, Pawlikowska L, Young W, Faughnan ME. Severity score for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014 Dec 29; 9:188. PMID: 25928712.
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    58. Mohr JP, Hartmann A, Kim H, Pile-Spellman J, Stapf C. Viewpoints on the ARUBA trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Apr; 36(4):615-7. PMID: 25542877.
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    59. Choquet H, Pawlikowska L, Nelson J, McCulloch CE, Akers A, Baca B, Khan Y, Hart B, Morrison L, Kim H. Polymorphisms in inflammatory and immune response genes associated with cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 severity. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014; 38(6):433-40. PMID: 25472749.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Abla AA, Rutledge WC, Seymour ZA, Guo D, Kim H, Gupta N, Sneed PK, Barani IJ, Larson D, McDermott MW, Lawton MT. A treatment paradigm for high-grade brain arteriovenous malformations: volume-staged radiosurgical downgrading followed by microsurgical resection. J Neurosurg. 2015 Feb; 122(2):419-32. PMID: 25423274.
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    61. Rutledge WC, Abla AA, Nelson J, Halbach VV, Kim H, Lawton MT. Treatment and outcomes of ARUBA-eligible patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations at a single institution. Neurosurg Focus. 2014 Sep; 37(3):E8. PMID: 25175446.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Abla AA, Nelson J, Rutledge WC, Young WL, Kim H, Lawton MT. The natural history of AVM hemorrhage in the posterior fossa: comparison of hematoma volumes and neurological outcomes in patients with ruptured infra- and supratentorial AVMs. Neurosurg Focus. 2014 Sep; 37(3):E6. PMID: 25175444.
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    63. Kremer PH, Koeleman BP, Pawlikowska L, Weinsheimer S, Bendjilali N, Sidney S, Zaroff JG, Rinkel GJ, van den Berg LH, Ruigrok YM, de Kort GA, Veldink JH, Kim H, Klijn CJ. Evaluation of genetic risk loci for intracranial aneurysms in sporadic arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015 May; 86(5):524-9. PMID: 25053769.
      View in: PubMed
    64. Kim H, Al-Shahi Salman R, McCulloch CE, Stapf C, Young WL. Untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: patient-level meta-analysis of hemorrhage predictors. Neurology. 2014 Aug 12; 83(7):590-7. PMID: 25015366.
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    65. Rutledge WC, Ko NU, Lawton MT, Kim H. Hemorrhage rates and risk factors in the natural history course of brain arteriovenous malformations. Transl Stroke Res. 2014 Oct; 5(5):538-42. PMID: 24930128.
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    66. Shen F, Degos V, Chu PL, Han Z, Westbroek EM, Choi EJ, Marchuk D, Kim H, Lawton MT, Maze M, Young WL, Su H. Endoglin deficiency impairs stroke recovery. Stroke. 2014 Jul; 45(7):2101-6. PMID: 24876084.
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    67. Bendjilali N, Nelson J, Weinsheimer S, Sidney S, Zaroff JG, Hetts SW, Segal M, Pawlikowska L, McCulloch CE, Young WL, Kim H. Common variants on 9p21.3 are associated with brain arteriovenous malformations with accompanying arterial aneurysms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014 Nov; 85(11):1280-3. PMID: 24777168.
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    68. Hetts SW, Cooke DL, Nelson J, Gupta N, Fullerton H, Amans MR, Narvid JA, Moftakhar P, McSwain H, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Halbach VV, Lawton MT, Kim H. Influence of patient age on angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014 Jul; 35(7):1376-80. PMID: 24627452.
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    69. Guo Y, Tihan T, Kim H, Hess C, Lawton MT, Young WL, Zhao Y, Su H. Distinctive distribution of lymphocytes in unruptured and previously untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2014; 1(3):147-152. PMID: 25568888.
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    70. Choquet H, Nelson J, Pawlikowska L, McCulloch CE, Akers A, Baca B, Khan Y, Hart B, Morrison L, Kim H. Association of cardiovascular risk factors with disease severity in cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 subjects with the common Hispanic mutation. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014; 37(1):57-63. PMID: 24401931.
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    71. Bendjilali N, Kim H, Weinsheimer S, Guo DE, Kwok PY, Zaroff JG, Sidney S, Lawton MT, McCulloch CE, Koeleman BP, Klijn CJ, Young WL, Pawlikowska L. A genome-wide investigation of copy number variation in patients with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation. PLoS One. 2013; 8(10):e71434. PMID: 24098321.
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    72. Akers AL, Ball KL, Clancy M, Comi AM, Faughnan ME, Gopal-Srivastava R, Jacobs TP, Kim H, Krischer J, Marchuk DA, McCulloch CE, Morrison L, Moses M, Moy CS, Pawlikowska L, Young WL. Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium: Overview, Progress and Future Directions. J Rare Disord. 2013 Apr 01; 1(1):5. PMID: 25221778.
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    73. Zaroff JG, Leong J, Kim H, Young WL, Cullen SP, Rao VA, Sorel M, Quesenberry CP, Sidney S. Cardiovascular predictors of long-term outcomes after non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2012 Dec; 17(3):374-81. PMID: 21769457.
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    74. Rodríguez-Hernández A, Kim H, Pourmohamad T, Young WL, Lawton MT. Cerebellar arteriovenous malformations: anatomic subtypes, surgical results, and increased predictive accuracy of the supplementary grading system. Neurosurgery. 2012 Dec; 71(6):1111-24. PMID: 22986595.
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    75. Boshuisen K, Brundel M, de Kovel CGF, Letteboer TG, Rinkel GJE, Westermann CJJ, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Koeleman BPC, Klijn CJM. Polymorphisms in ACVRL1 and endoglin genes are not associated with sporadic and HHT-related brain AVMs in Dutch patients. Transl Stroke Res. 2013 Jun; 4(3):375-378. PMID: 24323303.
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    76. Khush KK, Pawlikowska L, Menza RL, Goldstein BA, Hayden V, Nguyen J, Kim H, Poon A, Sapru A, Matthay MA, Kwok PY, Young WL, Baxter-Lowe LA, Zaroff JG. Beta-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and cardiac graft function in potential organ donors. Am J Transplant. 2012 Dec; 12(12):3377-86. PMID: 22994654.
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    77. Nishida T, Faughnan ME, Krings T, Chakinala M, Gossage JR, Young WL, Kim H, Pourmohamad T, Henderson KJ, Schrum SD, James M, Quinnine N, Bharatha A, Terbrugge KG, White RI. Brain arteriovenous malformations associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: gene-phenotype correlations. Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Nov; 158A(11):2829-34. PMID: 22991266.
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    78. Weinsheimer S, Brettman AD, Pawlikowska L, Wu DC, Mancuso MR, Kuhnert F, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Zaroff JG, McCulloch CE, Young WL, Kuo C, Kim H. G Protein-Coupled Receptor 124 (GPR124) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. Transl Stroke Res. 2012 Dec; 3(4):418-27. PMID: 23329986.
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    79. Kim H, Pourmohamad T, Westbroek EM, McCulloch CE, Lawton MT, Young WL. Evaluating performance of the spetzler-martin supplemented model in selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformation for surgery. Stroke. 2012 Sep; 43(9):2497-9. PMID: 22821608.
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    80. Kahle MP, Lee B, Pourmohamad T, Cunningham A, Su H, Kim H, Chen Y, McCulloch CE, Barbaro NM, Lawton MT, Young WL, Bix GJ. Perlecan domain V is upregulated in human brain arteriovenous malformation and could mediate the vascular endothelial growth factor effect in lesional tissue. Neuroreport. 2012 Jul 11; 23(10):627-30. PMID: 22643235.
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    81. Westbroek EM, Pawlikowska L, Lawton MT, McCulloch CE, Young WL, Kim H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism predicts worse functional outcome after surgery in patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation. Stroke. 2012 Aug; 43(8):2255-7. PMID: 22773554.
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    82. S Hetts, H Kim, D Cooke, J English, N Gupta, C Stout, W Kim, C Dowd, V Halbach, R Higashida, M Lawton, W Young. O-023 Pediatric versus adult AVM angioarchitecture: are children really just small adults?. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2012 Jul 1; 4(Suppl 1):a13.
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    83. Michael P. Kahle, Boyeon Lee, Tony Pourmohamad, Austin Cunningham, Hua Su, Helen Kim, Yongmei Chen, Charles E. McCulloch, Nicholas M. Barbaro, Michael T. Lawton, William L. Young, Gregory J. Bix. Perlecan domain V is upregulated in human brain arteriovenous malformation and could mediate the vascular endothelial growth factor effect in lesional tissue. Neuroreport. 2012 Jul 1; 23(10):627-630.
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    84. Sapru A, Zaroff JG, Pawlikowska L, Liu KD, Khush KK, Baxter-Lowe LA, Hayden V, Menza RL, Convery M, Lo V, Poon A, Kim H, Young WL, Kukreja J, Matthay MA. The 4G/4G genotype of the PAI-1 (serpine-1) 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with decreased lung allograft utilization. Am J Transplant. 2012 Jul; 12(7):1848-54. PMID: 22390401.
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    85. Degos V, Apfel CC, Sanchez P, Colonne C, Renuit I, Clarençon F, Nouet A, Boch AL, Pourmohamad T, Kim H, Gourraud PA, Young WL, Puybasset L. An admission bioclinical score to predict 1-year outcomes in patients undergoing aneurysm coiling. Stroke. 2012 May; 43(5):1253-9. PMID: 22363051.
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    86. Guo Y, Saunders T, Su H, Kim H, Akkoc D, Saloner DA, Hetts SW, Hess C, Lawton MT, Bollen AW, Pourmohamad T, McCulloch CE, Tihan T, Young WL. Silent intralesional microhemorrhage as a risk factor for brain arteriovenous malformation rupture. Stroke. 2012 May; 43(5):1240-6. PMID: 22308253.
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    87. Davies JM, Kim H, Young WL, Lawton MT. Classification schemes for arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2012 Jan; 23(1):43-53. PMID: 22107857.
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    88. Weinsheimer SM, Xu H, Achrol AS, Stamova B, McCulloch CE, Pawlikowska L, Tian Y, Ko NU, Lawton MT, Steinberg GK, Chang SD, Jickling G, Ander BP, Kim H, Sharp FR, Young WL. Gene expression profiling of blood in brain arteriovenous malformation patients. Transl Stroke Res. 2011 Dec 01; 2(4):575-87. PMID: 22184505.
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    89. Bharatha A, Faughnan ME, Kim H, Pourmohamad T, Krings T, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Pawlikowska L, McCulloch CE, Lawton MT, Dowd CF, Young WL, Terbrugge KG. Brain arteriovenous malformation multiplicity predicts the diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: quantitative assessment. Stroke. 2012 Jan; 43(1):72-8. PMID: 22034007.
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    90. Helen Kim, Charles E. McCulloch, William L. Young. Three Authors Reply. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2011 Aug 1; 174(3):375-376.
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    91. Walker EJ, Su H, Shen F, Choi EJ, Oh SP, Chen G, Lawton MT, Kim H, Chen Y, Chen W, Young WL. Arteriovenous malformation in the adult mouse brain resembling the human disease. Ann Neurol. 2011 Jun; 69(6):954-62. PMID: 21437931.
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    92. Mikhak B, Weinsheimer S, Pawlikowska L, Poon A, Kwok PY, Lawton MT, Chen Y, Zaroff JG, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Young WL, Kim H. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) gene polymorphisms and risk of brain arteriovenous malformations. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011; 31(4):338-45. PMID: 21212665.
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    93. Helen Kim, Ludmila Pawlikowska, William L. Young. 12 Genetics and Vascular Biology of Brain Vascular Malformations. Stroke. 2011 Jan 1; 169-186.
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    94. Kim H, Su H, Weinsheimer S, Pawlikowska L, Young WL. Brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis: a response-to-injury paradigm. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2011; 111:83-92. PMID: 21725736.
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    95. Hao Q, Zhu Y, Su H, Shen F, Yang GY, Kim H, Young WL. VEGF Induces More Severe Cerebrovascular Dysplasia in Endoglin than in Alk1 Mice. Transl Stroke Res. 2010 Sep 01; 1(3):197-201. PMID: 20640035.
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    96. Kim H, McCulloch CE, Johnston SC, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Young WL. Comparison of 2 approaches for determining the natural history risk of brain arteriovenous malformation rupture. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Jun 15; 171(12):1317-22. PMID: 20472570.
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    97. Lawton MT, Kim H, McCulloch CE, Mikhak B, Young WL. A supplementary grading scale for selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformations for surgery. Neurosurgery. 2010 Apr; 66(4):702-13; discussion 713. PMID: 20190666.
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    98. Su H, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Kitamura H, Shen F, Cambier S, Markovics J, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Bollen AW, Kwok PY, Reichardt L, Young WL, Yang GY, Nishimura SL. Reduced expression of integrin alphavbeta8 is associated with brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2010 Feb; 176(2):1018-27. PMID: 20019187.
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    99. Gabriel RA, Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Singh V, Johnston SC, Ko NU, Achrol AS, Zaroff JG, Young WL. Ten-year detection rate of brain arteriovenous malformations in a large, multiethnic, defined population. Stroke. 2010 Jan; 41(1):21-6. PMID: 19926839.
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    100. Leblanc GG, Golanov E, Awad IA, Young WL. Biology of vascular malformations of the brain. Stroke. 2009 Dec; 40(12):e694-702. PMID: 19834013.
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    101. Weinsheimer S, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Chen Y, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Kwok PY, McCulloch CE, Young WL. EPHB4 gene polymorphisms and risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009 Oct; 2(5):476-82. PMID: 20031623.
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    102. Sorani MD, Lee M, Kim H, Meeker M, Manley GT. Race\ethnicity and outcome after traumatic brain injury at a single, diverse center. J Trauma. 2009 Jul; 67(1):75-80. PMID: 19590312.
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    103. Chen Y, Hao Q, Kim H, Su H, Letarte M, Karumanchi SA, Lawton MT, Barbaro NM, Yang GY, Young WL. Soluble endoglin modulates aberrant cerebral vascular remodeling. Ann Neurol. 2009 Jul; 66(1):19-27. PMID: 19670444.
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    104. Sanchez-Mejia RO, McDermott MW, Tan J, Kim H, Young WL, Lawton MT. Radiosurgery facilitates resection of brain arteriovenous malformations and reduces surgical morbidity. Neurosurgery. 2009 Feb; 64(2):231-8; discussion 238-40. PMID: 19057424.
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    105. Kim H, Hysi PG, Pawlikowska L, Poon A, Burchard EG, Zaroff JG, Sidney S, Ko NU, Achrol AS, Lawton MT, McCulloch CE, Kwok PY, Young WL. Common variants in interleukin-1-Beta gene are associated with intracranial hemorrhage and susceptibility to brain arteriovenous malformation. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009; 27(2):176-82. PMID: 19092239.
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    106. Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Chen Y, Su H, Yang GY, Young WL. Brain arteriovenous malformation biology relevant to hemorrhage and implication for therapeutic development. Stroke. 2009 Mar; 40(3 Suppl):S95-7. PMID: 19064791.
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    107. Kim H, Hysi PG, Pawlikowska L, Choudhry S, González Burchard E, Kwok PY, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Young WL. Population stratification in a case-control study of brain arteriovenous malformation in Latinos. Neuroepidemiology. 2008; 31(4):224-8. PMID: 18841030.
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    108. Edwards KL, Hutter CM, Wan JY, Kim H, Monks SA. Genome-wide linkage scan for the metabolic syndrome: the GENNID study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Jul; 16(7):1596-601. PMID: 18421265.
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    109. Ko NU, Rajendran P, Kim H, Rutkowski M, Pawlikowska L, Kwok PY, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Smith WS, Zaroff JG, Young WL. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism (-786T->C) and increased risk of angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2008 Apr; 39(4):1103-8. PMID: 18309169.
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    110. Frenzel T, Lee CZ, Kim H, Quinnine NJ, Hashimoto T, Lawton MT, Guglielmo BJ, McCulloch CE, Young WL. Feasibility of minocycline and doxycycline use as potential vasculostatic therapy for brain vascular malformations: pilot study of adverse events and tolerance. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008; 25(1-2):157-63. PMID: 18212521.
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    111. Kim H, Marchuk DA, Pawlikowska L, Chen Y, Su H, Yang GY, Young WL. Genetic considerations relevant to intracranial hemorrhage and brain arteriovenous malformations. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2008; 105:199-206. PMID: 19066109.
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    112. Achrol AS, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Trudy Poon KY, McCulloch CE, Ko NU, Johnston SC, McDermott MW, Zaroff JG, Lawton MT, Kwok PY, Young WL. Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238G>A and apolipoprotein E2 polymorphisms with intracranial hemorrhage after brain arteriovenous malformation treatment. Neurosurgery. 2007 Oct; 61(4):731-9; discussion 740. PMID: 17986934.
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    113. Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Poon KY, Singh V, Johnston SC, Ko NU, Achrol AS, Lawton MT, Higashida RT, Young WL. Racial/Ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation patients. Stroke. 2007 Sep; 38(9):2430-7. PMID: 17673729.
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    114. Young WL, Kwok PY, Pawlikowska L, Lawton MT, Kim H, Hysi PG, Marchuk DA. Arteriovenous malformation. J Neurosurg. 2007 Apr; 106(4):731-2; author reply 732-3. PMID: 17432733.
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    115. Kim H, Hutter CM, Monks SA, Edwards KL. Comparison of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in detecting quantitative trait loci for alcoholism: the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. BMC Genet. 2005 Dec 30; 6 Suppl 1:S5. PMID: 16451661.
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    116. Dreisbach AW, Japa S, Sigel A, Parenti MB, Hess AE, Srinouanprachanh SL, Rettie AE, Kim H, Farin FM, Hamm LL, Lertora JJ. The Prevalence of CYP2C8, 2C9, 2J2, and soluble epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms in African Americans with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2005 Oct; 18(10):1276-81. PMID: 16202848.
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    117. Kim H, Friedlander Y, Longstreth WT, Edwards KL, Schwartz SM, Siscovick DS. Family history as a risk factor for stroke in young women. Am J Prev Med. 2004 Dec; 27(5):391-6. PMID: 15556739.
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    118. Goode EL, Badzioch MD, Kim H, Gagnon F, Rozek LS, Edwards KL, Jarvik GP. Multiple genome-wide analyses of smoking behavior in the Framingham Heart Study. BMC Genet. 2003 Dec 31; 4 Suppl 1:S102. PMID: 14975170.
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    119. Harrison TA, Hindorff LA, Kim H, Wines RC, Bowen DJ, McGrath BB, Edwards KL. Family history of diabetes as a potential public health tool. Am J Prev Med. 2003 Feb; 24(2):152-9. PMID: 12568821.
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    120. Kim H, Marcovina SM, Edwards KL, McKnight B, Bradley CM, McNeely MJ, Psaty BM, Motulsky AG, Austin MA. Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for maternal cardiovascular disease mortality in kindreds with familial combined hyperlipidemia or familial hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Genet. 2001 Sep; 60(3):188-97. PMID: 11595020.
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    121. Kim H, Gearing M, Mirra SS. Ubiquitin-positive CA2/3 neurites in hippocampus coexist with cortical Lewy bodies. Neurology. 1995 Sep; 45(9):1768-70. PMID: 7675245.
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