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Peter Turnbaugh, PhD

Title(s)Associate Professor, Microbiology and Immunology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address513 Parnassus Ave, HSW
San Francisco CA 94143
Phone415-502-3237
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-0888-2875 Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Whitman College, Walla Walla, WAB.A.05/2003Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology
    Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MOPh.D.05/2009Molecular Genetics and Genomics
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    1999National Merit Scholar
    2006  - 2009NSF Graduate Fellowship
    2009David Kipnis Award in Biomedical Sciences
    2010Philip Needleman Pharmacology Prize
    2015Young Investigator Grant for Probiotics Research
    2016Damon Runyon-Rachleff Cancer Innovator
    2016Searle Scholar
    2017CZ Biohub Investigator
    2018ASM Young Investigator Award
    Burroughs Wellcome Fund2018Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    The Turnbaugh lab is an interdisciplinary group of microbiome researchers committed to understanding host-associated microbes, reducing these complex microbial ecologies to molecular mechanism, and applying these lessons to improve the practice of medicine. We are currently focused on two major areas: pharmacology and nutrition. We use a variety of inter-disciplinary approaches ranging from the molecular (biochemistry, bacterial genetics, structural biology) to the organismal (gnotobiotic mice, conventional animals, and human cohorts) to the ecological (synthetic microbial communities and metagenomic sequencing).

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Establishing the feasibility of editing the human gut microbiome
    NIH/NCCIH R01AT011117Aug 1, 2020 - Jul 31, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Host-microbiome interactions shape the metabolic effects of ketogenic diets
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK114034Jul 1, 2020 - Mar 31, 2025
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Employing the gut microbiome to accelerate effective initiation of rheumatoid arthritis therapy
    NIH/NIAMS R01AR074500Sep 1, 2019 - Aug 31, 2024
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    (PQ10) Harnessing the human gut microbiome to predict chemotherapy outcomes
    NIH/NCI R21CA227232Jun 21, 2018 - May 31, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Predicting and preventing drug metabolism by the human gut microbiome
    NIH/NHLBI R01HL122593Mar 1, 2016 - Feb 28, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Featured Publications
    Collapse In The News
    Collapse Featured Videos

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. The Pre-treatment Gut Microbiome is Associated with Lack of Response to Methotrexate in New Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Dec 13. Artacho A, Isaac S, Nayak R, Flor-Duro A, Alexander M, Koo I, Manasson J, Smith PB, Rosenthal P, Homsi Y, Gulko P, Pons J, Puchades-Carrasco L, Izmirly P, Patterson A, Abramson SB, Pineda-Lucena A, Turnbaugh PJ, Ubeda C, Scher JU. PMID: 33314800.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. A thermogenic fat-epithelium cell axis regulates intestinal disease tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Nov 30. Man K, Bowman C, Braverman KN, Escalante V, Tian Y, Bisanz JE, Ganeshan K, Wang B, Patterson A, Bayrer JR, Turnbaugh PJ, Chawla A. PMID: 33257580.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Gut microbiota-specific IgA+ B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis. Sci Immunol. 2020 Nov 20; 5(53). Pröbstel AK, Zhou X, Baumann R, Wischnewski S, Kutza M, Rojas OL, Sellrie K, Bischof A, Kim K, Ramesh A, Dandekar R, Greenfield AL, Schubert RD, Bisanz JE, Vistnes S, Khaleghi K, Landefeld J, Kirkish G, Liesche-Starnecker F, Ramaglia V, Singh S, Tran EB, Barba P, Zorn K, Oechtering J, Forsberg K, Shiow LR, Henry RG, Graves J, Cree BAC, Hauser SL, Kuhle J, Gelfand JM, Andersen PM, Schlegel J, Turnbaugh PJ, Seeberger PH, Gommerman JL, Wilson MR, Schirmer L, Baranzini SE. PMID: 33219152.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    4. Stressed-out gut bacteria are pterin up gut inflammation. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Nov; 5(11):1316-1318. Alexander M, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 33087901.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    5. Deconstructing Mechanisms of Diet-Microbiome-Immune Interactions. Immunity. 2020 Aug 18; 53(2):264-276. Alexander M, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 32814025.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    6. Investigating Ketone Bodies as Immunometabolic Countermeasures against Respiratory Viral Infections. Med (N Y). 2020 Dec 18; 1(1):43-65. Stubbs BJ, Koutnik AP, Goldberg EL, Upadhyay V, Turnbaugh PJ, Verdin E, Newman JC. PMID: 32838361.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    7. Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 07 07; 117(27):16009-16018. Zou L, Spanogiannopoulos P, Pieper LM, Chien HC, Cai W, Khuri N, Pottel J, Vora B, Ni Z, Tsakalozou E, Zhang W, Shoichet BK, Giacomini KM, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 32571913.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    8. Probing the tumor micro(b)environment. Science. 2020 05 29; 368(6494):938-939. Atreya CE, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 32467376.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    9. Ketogenic Diets Alter the Gut Microbiome Resulting in Decreased Intestinal Th17 Cells. Cell. 2020 06 11; 181(6):1263-1275.e16. Ang QY, Alexander M, Newman JC, Tian Y, Cai J, Upadhyay V, Turnbaugh JA, Verdin E, Hall KD, Leibel RL, Ravussin E, Rosenbaum M, Patterson AD, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 32437658.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    
    10. A Genomic Toolkit for the Mechanistic Dissection of Intractable Human Gut Bacteria. Cell Host Microbe. 2020 06 10; 27(6):1001-1013.e9. Bisanz JE, Soto-Perez P, Noecker C, Aksenov AA, Lam KN, Kenney GE, Bess EN, Haiser HJ, Kyaw TS, Yu FB, Rekdal VM, Ha CWY, Devkota S, Balskus EP, Dorrestein PC, Allen-Vercoe E, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 32348781.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    11. Effects of underfeeding and oral vancomycin on gut microbiome and nutrient absorption in humans. Nat Med. 2020 04; 26(4):589-598. Basolo A, Hohenadel M, Ang QY, Piaggi P, Heinitz S, Walter M, Walter P, Parrington S, Trinidad DD, von Schwartzenberg RJ, Turnbaugh PJ, Krakoff J. PMID: 32235930.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    12. Non-catalytic ubiquitin binding by A20 prevents psoriatic arthritis-like disease and inflammation. Nat Immunol. 2020 04; 21(4):422-433. Razani B, Whang MI, Kim FS, Nakamura MC, Sun X, Advincula R, Turnbaugh JA, Pendse M, Tanbun P, Achacoso P, Turnbaugh PJ, Malynn BA, Ma A. PMID: 32205880.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    13. Pharmacomicrobiomics in inflammatory arthritis: gut microbiome as modulator of therapeutic response. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020 05; 16(5):282-292. Scher JU, Nayak RR, Ubeda C, Turnbaugh PJ, Abramson SB. PMID: 32157196.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    14. A widely distributed metalloenzyme class enables gut microbial metabolism of host- and diet-derived catechols. Elife. 2020 Feb 18; 9. Maini Rekdal V, Nol Bernadino P, Luescher MU, Kiamehr S, Le C, Bisanz JE, Turnbaugh PJ, Bess EN, Balskus EP. PMID: 32067637.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    15. Sensing Living Bacteria in Vivo Using d-Alanine-Derived 11C Radiotracers. ACS Cent Sci. 2020 Feb 26; 6(2):155-165. Parker MFL, Luu JM, Schulte B, Huynh TL, Stewart MN, Sriram R, Yu MA, Jivan S, Turnbaugh PJ, Flavell RR, Rosenberg OS, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. PMID: 32123733.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    16. Diet should be a tool for researchers, not a treatment. Nature. 2020 01; 577(7792):S23. Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 31996822.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    17. Genetic basis for the cooperative bioactivation of plant lignans by Eggerthella lenta and other human gut bacteria. Nat Microbiol. 2020 01; 5(1):56-66. Bess EN, Bisanz JE, Yarza F, Bustion A, Rich BE, Li X, Kitamura S, Waligurski E, Ang QY, Alba DL, Spanogiannopoulos P, Nayfach S, Koliwad SK, Wolan DW, Franke AA, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 31686027.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    18. Using DNA Metabarcoding To Evaluate the Plant Component of Human Diets: a Proof of Concept. mSystems. 2019 Oct 08; 4(5). Reese AT, Kartzinel TR, Petrone BL, Turnbaugh PJ, Pringle RM, David LA. PMID: 31594830.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    19. Cooking shapes the structure and function of the gut microbiome. Nat Microbiol. 2019 12; 4(12):2052-2063. Carmody RN, Bisanz JE, Bowen BP, Maurice CF, Lyalina S, Louie KB, Treen D, Chadaideh KS, Maini Rekdal V, Bess EN, Spanogiannopoulos P, Ang QY, Bauer KC, Balon TW, Pollard KS, Northen TR, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 31570867.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    20. CRISPR-Cas System of a Prevalent Human Gut Bacterium Reveals Hyper-targeting against Phages in a Human Virome Catalog. . 2019 Sep 11; 26(3):325-335.e5. Soto-Perez P, Bisanz JE, Berry JD, Lam KN, Bondy-Denomy J, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 31492655.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    21. Author Correction: Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol. 2019 Sep; 37(9):1091. Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA, Alexander H, Alm EJ, Arumugam M, Asnicar F, Bai Y, Bisanz JE, Bittinger K, Brejnrod A, Brislawn CJ, Brown CT, Callahan BJ, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Chase J, Cope EK, Da Silva R, Diener C, Dorrestein PC, Douglas GM, Durall DM, Duvallet C, Edwardson CF, Ernst M, Estaki M, Fouquier J, Gauglitz JM, Gibbons SM, Gibson DL, Gonzalez A, Gorlick K, Guo J, Hillmann B, Holmes S, Holste H, Huttenhower C, Huttley GA, Janssen S, Jarmusch AK, Jiang L, Kaehler BD, Kang KB, Keefe CR, Keim P, Kelley ST, Knights D, Koester I, Kosciolek T, Kreps J, Langille MGI, Lee J, Ley R, Liu YX, Loftfield E, Lozupone C, Maher M, Marotz C, Martin BD, McDonald D, McIver LJ, Melnik AV, Metcalf JL, Morgan SC, Morton JT, Naimey AT, Navas-Molina JA, Nothias LF, Orchanian SB, Pearson T, Peoples SL, Petras D, Preuss ML, Pruesse E, Rasmussen LB, Rivers A, Robeson MS, Rosenthal P, Segata N, Shaffer M, Shiffer A, Sinha R, Song SJ, Spear JR, Swafford AD, Thompson LR, Torres PJ, Trinh P, Tripathi A, Turnbaugh PJ, Ul-Hasan S, van der Hooft JJJ, Vargas F, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Vogtmann E, von Hippel M, Walters W, Wan Y, Wang M, Warren J, Weber KC, Williamson CHD, Willis AD, Xu ZZ, Zaneveld JR, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Knight R, Caporaso JG. PMID: 31399723.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    
    22. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol. 2019 08; 37(8):852-857. Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA, Alexander H, Alm EJ, Arumugam M, Asnicar F, Bai Y, Bisanz JE, Bittinger K, Brejnrod A, Brislawn CJ, Brown CT, Callahan BJ, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Chase J, Cope EK, Da Silva R, Diener C, Dorrestein PC, Douglas GM, Durall DM, Duvallet C, Edwardson CF, Ernst M, Estaki M, Fouquier J, Gauglitz JM, Gibbons SM, Gibson DL, Gonzalez A, Gorlick K, Guo J, Hillmann B, Holmes S, Holste H, Huttenhower C, Huttley GA, Janssen S, Jarmusch AK, Jiang L, Kaehler BD, Kang KB, Keefe CR, Keim P, Kelley ST, Knights D, Koester I, Kosciolek T, Kreps J, Langille MGI, Lee J, Ley R, Liu YX, Loftfield E, Lozupone C, Maher M, Marotz C, Martin BD, McDonald D, McIver LJ, Melnik AV, Metcalf JL, Morgan SC, Morton JT, Naimey AT, Navas-Molina JA, Nothias LF, Orchanian SB, Pearson T, Peoples SL, Petras D, Preuss ML, Pruesse E, Rasmussen LB, Rivers A, Robeson MS, Rosenthal P, Segata N, Shaffer M, Shiffer A, Sinha R, Song SJ, Spear JR, Swafford AD, Thompson LR, Torres PJ, Trinh P, Tripathi A, Turnbaugh PJ, Ul-Hasan S, van der Hooft JJJ, Vargas F, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Vogtmann E, von Hippel M, Walters W, Wan Y, Wang M, Warren J, Weber KC, Williamson CHD, Willis AD, Xu ZZ, Zaneveld JR, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Knight R, Caporaso JG. PMID: 31341288.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 526     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Meta-Analysis Reveals Reproducible Gut Microbiome Alterations in Response to a High-Fat Diet. . 2019 08 14; 26(2):265-272.e4. Bisanz JE, Upadhyay V, Turnbaugh JA, Ly K, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 31324413.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    24. Precision Medicine Goes Microscopic: Engineering the Microbiome to Improve Drug Outcomes. . 2019 Jul 10; 26(1):22-34. Lam KN, Alexander M, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 31295421.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    25. Discovery and inhibition of an interspecies gut bacterial pathway for Levodopa metabolism. Science. 2019 06 14; 364(6445). Maini Rekdal V, Bess EN, Bisanz JE, Turnbaugh PJ, Balskus EP. PMID: 31196984.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    26. Nutrient Sensing in CD11c Cells Alters the Gut Microbiota to Regulate Food Intake and Body Mass. Cell Metab. 2019 08 06; 30(2):364-373.e7. Chagwedera DN, Ang QY, Bisanz JE, Leong YA, Ganeshan K, Cai J, Patterson AD, Turnbaugh PJ, Chawla A. PMID: 31130466.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    27. Megaphages infect Prevotella and variants are widespread in gut microbiomes. Nat Microbiol. 2019 04; 4(4):693-700. Devoto AE, Santini JM, Olm MR, Anantharaman K, Munk P, Tung J, Archie EA, Turnbaugh PJ, Seed KD, Blekhman R, Aarestrup FM, Thomas BC, Banfield JF. PMID: 30692672.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    28. Predicting and preventing the inactivation of drugs by human gut bacteria. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 2019 Jan 1; 34(1):s10. Peter Turnbaugh. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    29. How to Determine the Role of the Microbiome in Drug Disposition. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018 11; 46(11):1588-1595. Bisanz JE, Spanogiannopoulos P, Pieper LM, Bustion AE, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 30111623.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    30. Broad collateral damage of drugs against the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 08; 15(8):457-458. Spanogiannopoulos P, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 29752457.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    31. Announcement of 2019 Keystone Symposia Conference: "Microbiome: Chemical Mechanisms and Biological Consequences". mSystems. 2018 Jul-Aug; 3(4). Balskus EP, Turnbaugh PJ, Wolan DW. PMID: 30057942.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    32. A Metabolite-Triggered Tuft Cell-ILC2 Circuit Drives Small Intestinal Remodeling. Cell. 2018 07 12; 174(2):271-284.e14. Schneider C, O'Leary CE, von Moltke J, Liang HE, Ang QY, Turnbaugh PJ, Radhakrishnan S, Pellizzon M, Ma A, Locksley RM. PMID: 29887373.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 51     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    33. Discovery and characterization of a prevalent human gut bacterial enzyme sufficient for the inactivation of a family of plant toxins. Elife. 2018 05 15; 7. Koppel N, Bisanz JE, Pandelia ME, Turnbaugh PJ, Balskus EP. PMID: 29761785.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories. Obes Rev. 2018 09; 19(9):1205-1235. Stanhope KL, Goran MI, Bosy-Westphal A, King JC, Schmidt LA, Schwarz JM, Stice E, Sylvetsky AC, Turnbaugh PJ, Bray GA, Gardner CD, Havel PJ, Malik V, Mason AE, Ravussin E, Rosenbaum M, Welsh JA, Allister-Price C, Sigala DM, Greenwood MRC, Astrup A, Krauss RM. PMID: 29761610.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    35. The Metabolism of Fluoropyrimidine Anticancer Drugs by the Human Gut Microbiome. The FASEB Journal. 2018 Apr 1; 32:534.22-534.22. Peter Spanogiannopoulos, Andrew D. Patteron, Peter J. Turnbaugh. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    36. Making Millennial Medicine More Meta. mSystems. 2018 Mar-Apr; 3(2). Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 29556544.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    37. Grape proanthocyanidin-induced intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila is dependent on its baseline abundance and precedes activation of host genes related to metabolic health. J Nutr Biochem. 2018 06; 56:142-151. Zhang L, Carmody RN, Kalariya HM, Duran RM, Moskal K, Poulev A, Kuhn P, Tveter KM, Turnbaugh PJ, Raskin I, Roopchand DE. PMID: 29571008.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    38. Combining 16S rRNA gene variable regions enables high-resolution microbial community profiling. Microbiome. 2018 01 26; 6(1):17. Fuks G, Elgart M, Amir A, Zeisel A, Turnbaugh PJ, Soen Y, Shental N. PMID: 29373999.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    39. Chemical reaction vector embeddings: towards predicting drug metabolism in the human gut microbiome. Pac Symp Biocomput. 2018; 23:56-67. Mallory EK, Acharya A, Rensi SE, Turnbaugh PJ, Bright RA, Altman RB. PMID: 29218869.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    40. Microbes and Diet-Induced Obesity: Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control. . 2017 Mar 08; 21(3):278-281. Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 28279330.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    41. Regulation of drug metabolism and toxicity by multiple factors of genetics, epigenetics, lncRNAs, gut microbiota, and diseases: a meeting report of the 21st International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations (MDO). Acta Pharm Sin B. 2017 03; 7(2):241-248. Yu AM, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Cherrington NJ, Aleksunes LM, Zanger UM, Xie W, Jeong H, Morgan ET, Turnbaugh PJ, Klaassen CD, Bhatt AP, Redinbo MR, Hao P, Waxman DJ, Wang L, Zhong XB. PMID: 28388695.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    42. mockrobiota: a Public Resource for Microbiome Bioinformatics Benchmarking. mSystems. 2016 Sep-Oct; 1(5). Bokulich NA, Rideout JR, Mercurio WG, Shiffer A, Wolfe B, Maurice CF, Dutton RJ, Turnbaugh PJ, Knight R, Caporaso JG. PMID: 27822553.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    43. Metabolism of anticancer drugs by the human gut microbiome. Toxicology Letters. 2016 Oct 1; 259:s42-s43. P. Spanogiannopoulos, P.J. Turnbaugh. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    44. Mirror, mirror on the wall: which microbiomes will help heal them all? BMC Med. 2016 May 04; 14:72. Nayak RR, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 27146150.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016 Apr; 14(5):273-87. Spanogiannopoulos P, Bess EN, Carmody RN, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 26972811.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 122     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    46. Siri, What Should I Eat? Cell. 2015 Nov 19; 163(5):1051-1052. Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg R, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 26590412.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Marked seasonal variation in the wild mouse gut microbiota. ISME J. 2015 Nov; 9(11):2423-34. Maurice CF, Knowles SC, Ladau J, Pollard KS, Fenton A, Pedersen AB, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 26023870.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    48. Gut microbial succession follows acute secretory diarrhea in humans. mBio. 2015 May 19; 6(3):e00381-15. David LA, Weil A, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB, Harris JB, Chowdhury F, Begum Y, Qadri F, LaRocque RC, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 25991682.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    49. Characterization and detection of a widely distributed gene cluster that predicts anaerobic choline utilization by human gut bacteria. mBio. 2015 Apr 14; 6(2). Martínez-del Campo A, Bodea S, Hamer HA, Marks JA, Haiser HJ, Turnbaugh PJ, Balskus EP. PMID: 25873372.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    50. Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes. 2015 Aug; 64(8):2847-58. Roopchand DE, Carmody RN, Kuhn P, Moskal K, Rojas-Silva P, Turnbaugh PJ, Raskin I. PMID: 25845659.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 103     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    51. Functional characterization of bacteria isolated from ancient arctic soil exposes diverse resistance mechanisms to modern antibiotics. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3):e0069533. Perron GG, Whyte L, Turnbaugh PJ, Goordial J, Hanage WP, Dantas G, Desai MM. PMID: 25807523.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:CellsPHPublic Health
    52. Diet dominates host genotype in shaping the murine gut microbiota. . 2015 Jan 14; 17(1):72-84. Carmody RN, Gerber GK, Luevano JM, Gatti DM, Somes L, Svenson KL, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 25532804.
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    53. Human microbiome science: vision for the future, Bethesda, MD, July 24 to 26, 2013. Microbiome. 2014 Dec 1; 2(1):16. Jacques Ravel, Martin J Blaser, Jonathan Braun, Eric Brown, Frederic D Bushman, Eugene B Chang, Julian Davies, Kathryn G Dewey, Timothy Dinan, Maria Dominguez-Bello, Susan E Erdman, B Brett Finlay, Wendy S Garrett, Gary B Huffnagle, Curtis Huttenhower, Janet Jansson, Ian B Jeffery, Christian Jobin, Alexander Khoruts, Heidi H Kong, Johanna W Lampe, Ruth E Ley, Dan R Littman, Sarkis K Mazmanian, David A Mills, Andrew S Neish, Elaine Petrof, David A Relman, Rosamond Rhodes, Peter J Turnbaugh, Vincent B Young, Rob Knight, Owen White. .
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    54. Rapid fucosylation of intestinal epithelium sustains host-commensal symbiosis in sickness. Nature. 2014 Oct 30; 514(7524):638-41. Pickard JM, Maurice CF, Kinnebrew MA, Abt MC, Schenten D, Golovkina TV, Bogatyrev SR, Ismagilov RF, Pamer EG, Turnbaugh PJ, Chervonsky AV. PMID: 25274297.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 135     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    55. Microbial determinants of biochemical individuality and their impact on toxicology and pharmacology. Cell Metab. 2014 Nov 04; 20(5):761-768. Patterson AD, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 25156450.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    56. Host-microbial interactions in the metabolism of therapeutic and diet-derived xenobiotics. J Clin Invest. 2014 Oct; 124(10):4173-81. Carmody RN, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 25105361.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 60     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    57. The intestinal metabolome: an intersection between microbiota and host. Gastroenterology. 2014 May; 146(6):1470-6. Ursell LK, Haiser HJ, Van Treuren W, Garg N, Reddivari L, Vanamala J, Dorrestein PC, Turnbaugh PJ, Knight R. PMID: 24631493.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 56     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    58. Mechanistic insight into digoxin inactivation by Eggerthella lenta augments our understanding of its pharmacokinetics. Gut Microbes. 2014 Mar-Apr; 5(2):233-8. Haiser HJ, Seim KL, Balskus EP, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 24637603.
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    59. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014 Jan 23; 505(7484):559-63. David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, Ling AV, Devlin AS, Varma Y, Fischbach MA, Biddinger SB, Dutton RJ, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 24336217.
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    60. High-resolution microbial community reconstruction by integrating short reads from multiple 16S rRNA regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Dec; 41(22):e205. Amir A, Zeisel A, Zuk O, Elgart M, Stern S, Shamir O, Turnbaugh PJ, Soen Y, Shental N. PMID: 24214960.
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    61. Predicting and manipulating cardiac drug inactivation by the human gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta. Science. 2013 Jul 19; 341(6143):295-8. Haiser HJ, Gootenberg DB, Chatman K, Sirasani G, Balskus EP, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 23869020.
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    62. Cancer: An acidic link. Nature. 2013 Jul 04; 499(7456):37-8. Devkota S, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 23803768.
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    63. Quantifying the metabolic activities of human-associated microbial communities across multiple ecological scales. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 Sep; 37(5):830-48. Maurice CF, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 23550823.
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    64. Translating the human microbiome. Nat Biotechnol. 2013 Apr; 31(4):304-8. Brown J, de Vos WM, DiStefano PS, Doré J, Huttenhower C, Knight R, Lawley TD, Raes J, Turnbaugh P. PMID: 23563424.
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    65. Conserved shifts in the gut microbiota due to gastric bypass reduce host weight and adiposity. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Mar 27; 5(178):178ra41. Liou AP, Paziuk M, Luevano JM, Machineni S, Turnbaugh PJ, Kaplan LM. PMID: 23536013.
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    66. Xenobiotics shape the physiology and gene expression of the active human gut microbiome. Cell. 2013 Jan 17; 152(1-2):39-50. Maurice CF, Haiser HJ, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 23332745.
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    67. Quantifying and identifying the active and damaged subsets of indigenous microbial communities. Methods Enzymol. 2013; 531:91-107. Maurice CF, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 24060117.
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    68. Antibiotic exposure promotes fat gain. Cell Metab. 2012 Oct 03; 16(4):408-10. Liou AP, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 23040064.
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    69. Gut microbes make for fattier fish. . 2012 Sep 13; 12(3):259-61. Carmody RN, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 22980321.
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    70. Taking a metagenomic view of human nutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Sep; 15(5):448-54. Dutton RJ, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 22878238.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    71. Developing a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism. Pharmacol Res. 2013 Mar; 69(1):21-31. Haiser HJ, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 22902524.
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    72. Microbiology: fat, bile and gut microbes. Nature. 2012 Jul 04; 487(7405):47-8. Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 22763552.
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    73. Is it time for a metagenomic basis of therapeutics? Science. 2012 Jun 08; 336(6086):1253-5. Haiser HJ, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 22674325.
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    74. 515 Weight-Independent Changes in Gut Microbial Ecology Regulate Adiposity Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Mice. Gastroenterology. 2012 May 1; 142(5):s-108. Alice P. Liou, Jesus M. Luevano, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Lee M. Kaplan. .
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    75. Metagenomic systems biology of the human gut microbiome reveals topological shifts associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 10; 109(2):594-9. Greenblum S, Turnbaugh PJ, Borenstein E. PMID: 22184244.
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    76. Detecting novel associations in large data sets. Science. 2011 Dec 16; 334(6062):1518-24. Reshef DN, Reshef YA, Finucane HK, Grossman SR, McVean G, Turnbaugh PJ, Lander ES, Mitzenmacher M, Sabeti PC. PMID: 22174245.
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    77. Wild immunology: converging on the real world. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Oct; 1236:17-29. Babayan SA, Allen JE, Bradley JE, Geuking MB, Graham AL, Grencis RK, Kaufman J, McCoy KD, Paterson S, Smith KG, Turnbaugh PJ, Viney ME, Maizels RM, Pedersen AB. PMID: 22032399.
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    78. Human health and disease in a microbial world. Front Microbiol. 2011; 2:190. Turnbaugh PJ, Stintzi A. PMID: 21954396.
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    79. Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul; 94(1):58-65. Jumpertz R, Le DS, Turnbaugh PJ, Trinidad C, Bogardus C, Gordon JI, Krakoff J. PMID: 21543530.
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    80. Companion animals symposium: microbes and health. J Anim Sci. 2011 May; 89(5):1496-7. Swanson KS, Suchodolski JS, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 21521817.
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    81. Taxonomic metagenome sequence assignment with structured output models. Nat Methods. 2011 Mar; 8(3):191-2. Patil KR, Haider P, Pope PB, Turnbaugh PJ, Morrison M, Scheffer T, McHardy AC. PMID: 21358620.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 56     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    82. Removing noise from pyrosequenced amplicons. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011 Jan 28; 12:38. Quince C, Lanzen A, Davenport RJ, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 21276213.
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    83. The mind-body-microbial continuum. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011; 13(1):55-62. Gonzalez A, Stombaugh J, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh PJ, Gordon JI, Knight R. PMID: 21485746.
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    84. Companion animals symposium: humanized animal models of the microbiome. J Anim Sci. 2011 May; 89(5):1531-7. Gootenberg DB, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 20833767.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    85. A microbe-dependent viral key to Crohn's box. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Aug 04; 2(43):43ps39. Peterson DA, Turnbaugh PJ. PMID: 20686177.
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    86. Viewing the human microbiome through three-dimensional glasses: integrating structural and functional studies to better define the properties of myriad carbohydrate-active enzymes. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2010 Oct 01; 66(Pt 10):1261-4. Turnbaugh PJ, Henrissat B, Gordon JI. PMID: 20944220.
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    87. Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15; 108 Suppl 1:4516-22. Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, Berg-Lyons D, Lozupone CA, Turnbaugh PJ, Fierer N, Knight R. PMID: 20534432.
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    88. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods. 2010 May; 7(5):335-6. Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, Costello EK, Fierer N, Peña AG, Goodrich JK, Gordon JI, Huttley GA, Kelley ST, Knights D, Koenig JE, Ley RE, Lozupone CA, McDonald D, Muegge BD, Pirrung M, Reeder J, Sevinsky JR, Turnbaugh PJ, Walters WA, Widmann J, Yatsunenko T, Zaneveld J, Knight R. PMID: 20383131.
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    89. Organismal, genetic, and transcriptional variation in the deeply sequenced gut microbiomes of identical twins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 20; 107(16):7503-8. Turnbaugh PJ, Quince C, Faith JJ, McHardy AC, Yatsunenko T, Niazi F, Affourtit J, Egholm M, Henrissat B, Knight R, Gordon JI. PMID: 20363958.
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    90. The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice. Sci Transl Med. 2009 Nov 11; 1(6):6ra14. Turnbaugh PJ, Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE, Knight R, Gordon JI. PMID: 20368178.
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    91. The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity. J Physiol. 2009 Sep 01; 587(Pt 17):4153-8. Turnbaugh PJ, Gordon JI. PMID: 19491241.
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    92. Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 07; 106(14):5859-64. Mahowald MA, Rey FE, Seedorf H, Turnbaugh PJ, Fulton RS, Wollam A, Shah N, Wang C, Magrini V, Wilson RK, Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B, Crock LW, Russell A, Verberkmoes NC, Hettich RL, Gordon JI. PMID: 19321416.
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    93. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature. 2009 Jan 22; 457(7228):480-4. Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE, Sogin ML, Jones WJ, Roe BA, Affourtit JP, Egholm M, Henrissat B, Heath AC, Knight R, Gordon JI. PMID: 19043404.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2332     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    94. An invitation to the marriage of metagenomics and metabolomics. Cell. 2008 Sep 05; 134(5):708-13. Turnbaugh PJ, Gordon JI. PMID: 18775300.
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    95. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science. 2008 Jun 20; 320(5883):1647-51. Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh PJ, Ramey RR, Bircher JS, Schlegel ML, Tucker TA, Schrenzel MD, Knight R, Gordon JI. PMID: 18497261.
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    96. Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome. . 2008 Apr 17; 3(4):213-23. Turnbaugh PJ, Bäckhed F, Fulton L, Gordon JI. PMID: 18407065.
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    97. Host-bacterial coevolution and the search for new drug targets. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2008 Feb; 12(1):109-14. Zaneveld J, Turnbaugh PJ, Lozupone C, Ley RE, Hamady M, Gordon JI, Knight R. PMID: 18280814.
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    98. The human microbiome project. Nature. 2007 Oct 18; 449(7164):804-10. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI. PMID: 17943116.
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    99. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature. 2006 Dec 21; 444(7122):1022-3. Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. PMID: 17183309.
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    100. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006 Dec 21; 444(7122):1027-31. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. PMID: 17183312.
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    101. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science. 2006 Jun 02; 312(5778):1355-9. Gill SR, Pop M, Deboy RT, Eckburg PB, Turnbaugh PJ, Samuel BS, Gordon JI, Relman DA, Fraser-Liggett CM, Nelson KE. PMID: 16741115.
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    102. Discovery, validation, and genetic dissection of transcription factor binding sites by comparative and functional genomics. Genome Res. 2005 Aug; 15(8):1145-52. Gertz J, Riles L, Turnbaugh P, Ho SW, Cohen BA. PMID: 16077013.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    103. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 02; 102(31):11070-5. Ley RE, Bäckhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD, Gordon JI. PMID: 16033867.
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