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Jim Wells, PhD

TitleProfessor
SchoolUCSF School of Pharmacy
DepartmentPharmaceutical Chemistry
Address1700 4th St
San Francisco CA 94158
Phone415-514-4498
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    Other Positions
    TitleChair, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    InstitutionUCSF School of Pharmacy
    DepartmentPharmaceutical Chemistry


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    1979  - 1981Damon M. Runyon-Walter Winchell Postdoctoral Fellowship
    American Cancer Society1990Pfizer Award for achievements in enzyme chemistry
    Perdue University1991Joseph Foster Award Lecturer
    Washington State University1992Alumni Achievement Award
    Temple University1994Distinguished Award Lecture
    Rockefeller University1995Stein Memorial Award Lecture
    SUNY Stony Brook1997Begelsteil Award Lecture
    1997Frontiers in Biological Sciences Lecture, Case Western Reserve
    Washington State University1997Distinguished Alumni Award
    Protein Society1998Christian B. Anfinsin Awar
    American Peptide Society1998Vincent du Vignead Award
    NAS1999Elected Member to the National Academy of Sciences
    Protein Society2003Hans Neurath Award
    Harvard Medical School2005Otto Krayer Lectureship
    Boston College2005Boston College Distinguished Lectureship in Chemistry
    Stanford University2005Cutting Award Lecture
    2005Braisted Award Lecture
    American Cancer Society, Biotech2006Perlman Lecture Award of the ACS Biotechnology Division
    Nature Biotechnology2006Shortlisted Nominee, Nature Biotechnology’s Who’s Who in Biotech, most significant contribution to b
    CABM, Rutgers University2006Paul Janssen Prize in Adv. Biotech and Medicine
    Yale University2007Fred Richards Distinguished Lecture
    Rockefeller University2008Jane Darnell Distinguished Lecture
    Johns Hopkins University2009Kossiakoff Lecture in Biophysics
    University of Chicago2009Herman S. Bloch Award, “for scientific excellence in industry”
    Thomas Jefferson University2009Weinhouse Lecture in Biochemistry
    ASBMB2010Merck Award
    American Cancer Society2011Smissman Award in Medicinal Chemistry
    University of Illinois2011Ada Doisy Lectures
    Washington University, St Louis2011Carl and Gerty Cori Lecture
    University of Wisconsin, Madison2011Green Lecture
    St Luke's, Boise ID2011Burkholder Award Lecture
    Vanderbilt University, TN2012Lubomir S. Hnilica Endowed Lecture
    University of Washington, Seattle2012Gordon Lecture
    Gladstone, San Francisco2012Keynote at Gladstone Scientific Retreat
    UCSC Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry2013Keynote Speaker
    ICSB and Kyoto University2013Keynote Speaker at ICSB Meeting
    Tsinghua University2013Keynote Speaker, Symposium of Frontier Sciences on New Drug Discovery
    American Academy of Arts and Sciences2015Elected Member of Academy

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    James "Jim" Wells focuses on understanding and modulating signaling processes in human cells through protein and small molecule design. His lab seeks activators as well as inhibitors of signaling molecules, including proteases and kinases, and uses them to study the consequences of triggering specific nodes of signaling circuits. He is especially interested in the inter-protein circuitry of pathways involved in cell death and inflammation, and the intra-protein allosteric circuitry that governs how distant functional sites in one protein communicate.


    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Antibody Research Technology Center
    NIH/NCI P41CA196276Sep 24, 2014 - Aug 31, 2019
    Role: Co-Investigator
    Affinity-directed tagging of protein binding partners in signaling
    NIH R01CA191018Jun 16, 2014 - May 31, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Generation of recombinant thiopeptides to target antimicrobial-resistant bacteria
    NIH R21AI111662Mar 1, 2014 - Feb 29, 2016
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Automated System for High-Throughput In Vitro Selection of Recombinant Antibodies
    NIH S10OD012037May 15, 2012 - May 14, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Regulating Proteolysis to Dissect Apoptosis
    NIH R01GM097316Sep 20, 2011 - Jun 30, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Approaches to discover and quantify apoptotic biomarkers for cancer treatment
    NIH R01CA154802Feb 1, 2011 - Jan 31, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Start-up Funds for Junior Faculty in Chemical Biology Group at UCSF
    NIH P30GM092427Sep 30, 2009 - Aug 31, 2012
    Role: Principal Investigator
    High-throughput SPR Instrument for Small Molecule Discovery
    NIH S10RR025448Jan 1, 2009 - Dec 31, 2009
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Direct Chemical Activators of Caspases
    NIH R01CA136779Dec 5, 2008 - Nov 30, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Global Analysis of Proteolysis in Apoptosis
    NIH R01GM081051Apr 1, 2007 - Jul 31, 2016
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Site-specific Allosteric Inhibitors for Inflammatory Caspases
    NIH R01AI070292Mar 15, 2007 - Feb 28, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Activators of Procaspase-7
    NIH R21NS057022Jul 20, 2006 - Jul 19, 2007
    Role: Principal Investigator
    New Advances in Drug Discovery
    NIH R13CA098965Jan 13, 2003 - Dec 31, 2003
    Role: Principal Investigator
    HIV Integrase Drug Discovery Using Tethering Technology
    NIH R43AI052630Jul 1, 2002 - Jun 30, 2004
    Role: Principal Investigator
    FRET METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING HORMONE ANTAGONISTS
    NIH R43CA083440Jul 16, 1999 - Jun 30, 2000
    Role: Principal Investigator
    SITE-DIRECTED DRUG DISCOVERY
    NIH R44CA085141Jul 1, 1999 - Feb 28, 2003
    Role: Principal Investigator
    METHOD FOR DRUG DISCOVERY USING FRAGMENT ASSEMBLY
    NIH R43CA085141Jul 1, 1999 - Jun 30, 2001
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CANCER INFORMATION MATERIALS FOR LOW LITERACY WOMEN
    NIH R43CA062794Sep 30, 1996 - Mar 29, 1997
    Role: Principal Investigator
    READABLE HIV PREVENTION MATERIALS FOR LOW-LITERACY WOMEN
    NIH R43HD030126Feb 1, 1993 - Jul 31, 1993
    Role: Principal Investigator
    AIDS RISK REDUCTION AND CONDOM USE IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE
    NIH R01HD026265Sep 1, 1989 - Oct 31, 1990
    Role: Principal Investigator
    ANALYSIS OF AIDS BEHAVIOR CHANGE IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE
    NIH R01MH045661Jul 1, 1989 - Jun 30, 1990
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Bio-Organic Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Resource
    NIH P41RR001614Mar 1, 1982 - May 31, 2015
    Role: Co-Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Websites
    Collapse In The News
    Collapse Global Health

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. Morgan CW, Diaz JE, Zeitlin SG, Gray DC, Wells J. Engineered cellular gene-replacement platform for selective and inducible proteolytic profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jul 07; 112(27):8344-9. PMID: 26106156; PMCID: PMC4500269.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    2. Miersch S, Li Z, Hanna R, McLaughlin ME, Hornsby M, Matsuguchi T, Paduch M, Sääf A, Wells J, Koide S, Kossiakoff A, Sidhu SS. Scalable high throughput selection from phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries. J Vis Exp. 2015 Jan 17; (95):51492. PMID: 25651360; PMCID: PMC4354533.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    3. Rettenmaier TJ, Sadowsky JD, Thomsen ND, Chen SC, Doak AK, Arkin MR, Wells J. A small-molecule mimic of a peptide docking motif inhibits the protein kinase PDK1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 30; 111(52):18590-5. PMID: 25518860; PMCID: PMC4284534.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    4. Koerber JT, Hornsby MJ, Wells J. An improved single-chain Fab platform for efficient display and recombinant expression. J Mol Biol. 2015 Jan 30; 427(2):576-86. PMID: 25481745; PMCID: PMC4297586.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    5. Roberts TA, Norris FC, Carnaghan H, Savery D, Wells J, Siow B, Scambler PJ, Pierro A, De Coppi P, Eaton S, Lythgoe MF. In amnio MRI of mouse embryos. PLoS One. 2014; 9(10):e109143. PMID: 25330230; PMCID: PMC4198080.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    6. Ordureau A, Sarraf SA, Duda DM, Heo JM, Jedrychowski MP, Sviderskiy VO, Olszewski JL, Koerber JT, Xie T, Beausoleil SA, Wells J, Gygi SP, Schulman BA, Harper JW. Quantitative proteomics reveal a feedforward mechanism for mitochondrial PARKIN translocation and ubiquitin chain synthesis. Mol Cell. 2014 Nov 06; 56(3):360-75. PMID: 25284222; PMCID: PMC4254048.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    7. Julien O, Kampmann M, Bassik MC, Zorn JA, Venditto VJ, Shimbo K, Agard NJ, Shimada K, Rheingold AL, Stockwell BR, Weissman JS, Wells J. Unraveling the mechanism of cell death induced by chemical fibrils. Nat Chem Biol. 2014 Nov; 10(11):969-76. PMID: 25262416; PMCID: PMC4201873.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    8. Arkin MR, Tang Y, Wells J. Small-molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions: progressing toward the reality. Chem Biol. 2014 Sep 18; 21(9):1102-14. PMID: 25237857; PMCID: PMC4179228.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    9. Wells J, Kossiakoff AA. Cell biology. New tricks for an old dimer. Science. 2014 May 16; 344(6185):703-4. PMID: 24833381.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Wiita AP, Hsu GW, Lu CM, Esensten JH, Wells J. Circulating proteolytic signatures of chemotherapy-induced cell death in humans discovered by N-terminal labeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 27; 111(21):7594-9. PMID: 24821784; PMCID: PMC4040605.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    11. Lodge JM, Rettenmaier TJ, Wells J, Pomerantz WC, Mapp AK. FP Tethering: a screening technique to rapidly identify compounds that disrupt protein-protein interactions. Medchemcomm. 2014 Mar 01; 5:370-375. PMID: 24795804.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Ashkenazi A, Yuan J, Wells J. Regulated cell death part A: apoptotic mechanisms. Preface. Methods Enzymol. 2014; 544:xv. PMID: 24974300.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Morgan CW, Julien O, Unger EK, Shah NM, Wells J. Turning on caspases with genetics and small molecules. Methods Enzymol. 2014; 544:179-213. PMID: 24974291; PMCID: PMC4249682.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    14. Wiita AP, Seaman JE, Wells J. Global analysis of cellular proteolysis by selective enzymatic labeling of protein N-termini. Methods Enzymol. 2014; 544:327-58. PMID: 24974296; PMCID: PMC4260929.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    15. Ashkenazi A, Wells J, Yuan J. Methods in Enzymology. Regulated cell death part B--necroptotic, autophagic and other non-apoptotic mechanisms. Preface. Methods Enzymol. 2014; 545:xiii. PMID: 25065895.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Ostrem JM, Peters U, Sos ML, Wells J, Shokat KM. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitors allosterically control GTP affinity and effector interactions. Nature. 2013 Nov 28; 503(7477):548-51. PMID: 24256730; PMCID: PMC4274051.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    17. Wiita AP, Ziv E, Wiita PJ, Urisman A, Julien O, Burlingame AL, Weissman JS, Wells J. Global cellular response to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Elife. 2013 Oct 29; 2:e01236. PMID: 24171104; PMCID: PMC3808542.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    18. Koerber JT, Thomsen ND, Hannigan BT, Degrado WF, Wells J. Nature-inspired design of motif-specific antibody scaffolds. Nat Biotechnol. 2013 Oct; 31(10):916-21. PMID: 23955275; PMCID: PMC3795957.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    19. Carter PJ, Hazuda D, Wells J. Next generation therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2013 Jun; 17(3):317-9. PMID: 23683350.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Thomsen ND, Koerber JT, Wells J. Structural snapshots reveal distinct mechanisms of procaspase-3 and -7 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 May 21; 110(21):8477-82. PMID: 23650375; PMCID: PMC3666719.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    21. Wang N, Majmudar CY, Pomerantz WC, Gagnon JK, Sadowsky JD, Meagher JL, Johnson TK, Stuckey JA, Brooks CL, Wells J, Mapp AK. Ordering a dynamic protein via a small-molecule stabilizer. J Am Chem Soc. 2013 Mar 06; 135(9):3363-6. PMID: 23384013; PMCID: PMC3607081.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    22. Datta D, McClendon CL, Jacobson MP, Wells J. Substrate and inhibitor-induced dimerization and cooperativity in caspase-1 but not caspase-3. J Biol Chem. 2013 Apr 05; 288(14):9971-81. PMID: 23386603; PMCID: PMC3617296.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    23. Crawford ED, Seaman JE, Agard N, Hsu GW, Julien O, Mahrus S, Nguyen H, Shimbo K, Yoshihara HA, Zhuang M, Chalkley RJ, Wells J. The DegraBase: a database of proteolysis in healthy and apoptotic human cells. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2013 Mar; 12(3):813-24. PMID: 23264352; PMCID: PMC3591672.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    24. Zhuang M, Guan S, Wang H, Burlingame AL, Wells J. Substrates of IAP ubiquitin ligases identified with a designed orthogonal E3 ligase, the NEDDylator. Mol Cell. 2013 Jan 24; 49(2):273-82. PMID: 23201124; PMCID: PMC3557559.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    25. Crawford ED, Seaman JE, Barber AE, David DC, Babbitt PC, Burlingame AL, Wells J. Conservation of caspase substrates across metazoans suggests hierarchical importance of signaling pathways over specific targets and cleavage site motifs in apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2012 Dec; 19(12):2040-8. PMID: 22918439; PMCID: PMC3504717.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    26. Zorn JA, Wolan DW, Agard NJ, Wells J. Fibrils colocalize caspase-3 with procaspase-3 to foster maturation. J Biol Chem. 2012 Sep 28; 287(40):33781-95. PMID: 22872644; PMCID: PMC3460474.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    27. Shimbo K, Hsu GW, Nguyen H, Mahrus S, Trinidad JC, Burlingame AL, Wells J. Quantitative profiling of caspase-cleaved substrates reveals different drug-induced and cell-type patterns in apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jul 31; 109(31):12432-7. PMID: 22802652; PMCID: PMC3412033.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    28. Agard NJ, Mahrus S, Trinidad JC, Lynn A, Burlingame AL, Wells J. Global kinetic analysis of proteolysis via quantitative targeted proteomics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Feb 07; 109(6):1913-8. PMID: 22308409; PMCID: PMC3277568.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    29. Gao J, Wells J. Identification of specific tethered inhibitors for caspase-5. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2012 Feb; 79(2):209-15. PMID: 22014003; PMCID: PMC3271850.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    30. Zorn JA, Wille H, Wolan DW, Wells J. Self-assembling small molecules form nanofibrils that bind procaspase-3 to promote activation. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 14; 133(49):19630-3. PMID: 22066605; PMCID: PMC3253528.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    31. Tang Y, Wells J, Arkin MR. Structural and enzymatic insights into caspase-2 protein substrate recognition and catalysis. J Biol Chem. 2011 Sep 30; 286(39):34147-54. PMID: 21828056; PMCID: PMC3190824.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    32. Sadowsky JD, Burlingame MA, Wolan DW, McClendon CL, Jacobson MP, Wells J. Turning a protein kinase on or off from a single allosteric site via disulfide trapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 12; 108(15):6056-61. PMID: 21430264; PMCID: PMC3076885.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    33. Crawford ED, Wells J. Caspase substrates and cellular remodeling. Annu Rev Biochem. 2011; 80:1055-87. PMID: 21456965.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Gray DC, Mahrus S, Wells J. Activation of specific apoptotic caspases with an engineered small-molecule-activated protease. Cell. 2010 Aug 20; 142(4):637-46. PMID: 20723762; PMCID: PMC3689538.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    35. Barkan DT, Hostetter DR, Mahrus S, Pieper U, Wells J, Craik CS, Sali A. Prediction of protease substrates using sequence and structure features. Bioinformatics. 2010 Jul 15; 26(14):1714-22. PMID: 20505003; PMCID: PMC2894511.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    36. Zorn JA, Wells J. Turning enzymes ON with small molecules. Nat Chem Biol. 2010 Mar; 6(3):179-188. PMID: 20154666.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Agard NJ, Maltby D, Wells J. Inflammatory stimuli regulate caspase substrate profiles. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2010 May; 9(5):880-93. PMID: 20173201; PMCID: PMC2871421.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    38. Wildes D, Wells J. Sampling the N-terminal proteome of human blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 09; 107(10):4561-6. PMID: 20173099; PMCID: PMC2842036.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    39. Pérez-Payá E, Orzáez M, Mondragón L, Wolan D, Wells J, Messeguer A, Vicent MJ. Molecules that modulate Apaf-1 activity. Med Res Rev. 2011 Jul; 31(4):649-75. PMID: 20099266.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Brunger AT, Wells J. Warren L. DeLano 21 June 1972-3 November 2009. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 Dec; 16(12):1202-3. PMID: 19956203.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Wolan DW, Zorn JA, Gray DC, Wells J. Small-molecule activators of a proenzyme. Science. 2009 Nov 06; 326(5954):853-8. PMID: 19892984; PMCID: PMC2886848.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    42. Agard NJ, Wells J. Methods for the proteomic identification of protease substrates. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2009 Dec; 13(5-6):503-9. PMID: 19729334; PMCID: PMC2787889.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    43. Hardy JA, Wells J. Dissecting an allosteric switch in caspase-7 using chemical and mutational probes. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 18; 284(38):26063-9. PMID: 19581639; PMCID: PMC2758006.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    44. Gao J, Sidhu SS, Wells J. Two-state selection of conformation-specific antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 03; 106(9):3071-6. PMID: 19208804; PMCID: PMC2651286.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    45. Mahrus S, Trinidad JC, Barkan DT, Sali A, Burlingame AL, Wells J. Global sequencing of proteolytic cleavage sites in apoptosis by specific labeling of protein N termini. Cell. 2008 Sep 05; 134(5):866-76. PMID: 18722006; PMCID: PMC2566540.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    46. Yoshihara HA, Mahrus S, Wells J. Tags for labeling protein N-termini with subtiligase for proteomics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Nov 15; 18(22):6000-3. PMID: 18762420; PMCID: PMC2590642.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    47. Datta D, Scheer JM, Romanowski MJ, Wells J. An allosteric circuit in caspase-1. J Mol Biol. 2008 Sep 19; 381(5):1157-67. PMID: 18590738; PMCID: PMC2626611.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    48. Wells J, McClendon CL. Reaching for high-hanging fruit in drug discovery at protein-protein interfaces. Nature. 2007 Dec 13; 450(7172):1001-9. PMID: 18075579.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Tóth G, Mukhyala K, Wells J. Computational approach to site-directed ligand discovery. Proteins. 2007 Aug 01; 68(2):551-60. PMID: 17444517.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Danis RP, Glassman AR, Aiello LP, Antoszyk AN, Beck RW, Browning DJ, Ciardella AP, Kinyoun JL, Murtha TJ, Topping TM, Shami M, Sharuk GS, Wells J. Diurnal variation in retinal thickening measurement by optical coherence tomography in center-involved diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Dec; 124(12):1701-7. PMID: 17159029; PMCID: PMC2279019.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    51. Thanos CD, DeLano WL, Wells J. Hot-spot mimicry of a cytokine receptor by a small molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 17; 103(42):15422-7. PMID: 17032757; PMCID: PMC1592646.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    52. Matioc AA, Wells J. Positive pressure ventilation with the laryngeal mask airway in the operating room and prehospital: a practical review. J Trauma. 2006 Jun; 60(6):1371-6. PMID: 16766989.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Scheer JM, Romanowski MJ, Wells J. A common allosteric site and mechanism in caspases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 16; 103(20):7595-600. PMID: 16682620; PMCID: PMC1458511.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    54. Scheer JM, Wells J, Romanowski MJ. Malonate-assisted purification of human caspases. Protein Expr Purif. 2005 May; 41(1):148-53. PMID: 15802232.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Buck E, Wells J. Disulfide trapping to localize small-molecule agonists and antagonists for a G protein-coupled receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Feb 22; 102(8):2719-24. PMID: 15710877; PMCID: PMC549436.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    56. Hardy JA, Wells J. Searching for new allosteric sites in enzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2004 Dec; 14(6):706-15. PMID: 15582395.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Buck E, Bourne H, Wells J. Site-specific disulfide capture of agonist and antagonist peptides on the C5a receptor. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 11; 280(6):4009-12. PMID: 15550394.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Hardy JA, Lam J, Nguyen JT, O'Brien T, Wells J. Discovery of an allosteric site in the caspases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 24; 101(34):12461-6. PMID: 15314233; PMCID: PMC514654.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    59. Martin AG, Nguyen J, Wells J, Fearnhead HO. Apo cytochrome c inhibits caspases by preventing apoptosome formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 02; 319(3):944-50. PMID: 15184073.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Stroud RM, Wells J. Mechanistic diversity of cytokine receptor signaling across cell membranes. Sci STKE. 2004 Apr 28; 2004(231):re7. PMID: 15126678.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Arkin MR, Wells J. Small-molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions: progressing towards the dream. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Apr; 3(4):301-17. PMID: 15060526.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Erlanson DA, Wells J, Braisted AC. Tethering: fragment-based drug discovery. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2004; 33:199-223. PMID: 15139811.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Thanos CD, Randal M, Wells J. Potent small-molecule binding to a dynamic hot spot on IL-2. J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Dec 17; 125(50):15280-1. PMID: 14664558.
      View in: PubMed
    64. Yaucher NE, Fish JT, Smith HW, Wells J. Propylene glycol-associated renal toxicity from lorazepam infusion. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Sep; 23(9):1094-9. PMID: 14524641.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Nguyen JT, Wells J. Direct activation of the apoptosis machinery as a mechanism to target cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 24; 100(13):7533-8. PMID: 12808146; PMCID: PMC164621.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    66. Arkin MR, Randal M, DeLano WL, Hyde J, Luong TN, Oslob JD, Raphael DR, Taylor L, Wang J, McDowell RS, Wells J, Braisted AC. Binding of small molecules to an adaptive protein-protein interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 18; 100(4):1603-8. PMID: 12582206; PMCID: PMC149879.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    67. Wells J, Arkin M, Braisted A, DeLano W, McDowell B, Oslob J, Raimundo B, Randal M. Drug discovery at signaling interfaces. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop. 2003; (42):19-27. PMID: 12664533.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Johnson B, Gorman NT, Hird JF, Wadsworth DE, Wells J, Dyson SJ, Bleby J. BVA governance. Vet Rec. 2002 Aug 24; 151(8):247; author reply 247. PMID: 12219907.
      View in: PubMed
    69. Chasens ER, Umlauf MG, Pillion DJ, Wells J. Nocturnal polyuria in type 2 diabetes: a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. Diabetes Educ. 2002 May-Jun; 28(3):424-34. PMID: 12068651.
      View in: PubMed
    70. Matioc AA, Wells J. The LMA-unique in a prehospital trauma patient: interaction with a semirigid cervical collar: a case report. J Trauma. 2002 Jan; 52(1):162-4. PMID: 11791069.
      View in: PubMed
    71. Wells J, Wood KE. Acute barium poisoning treated with hemodialysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2001 Mar; 19(2):175-7. PMID: 11239275.
      View in: PubMed
    72. Gerrard JA, Sparrow AD, Wells J. Metabolic databases - what next? Trends Biochem Sci. 2001 Feb; 26(2):137-40. PMID: 11166573.
      View in: PubMed
    73. Erlanson DA, Braisted AC, Raphael DR, Randal M, Stroud RM, Gordon EM, Wells J. Site-directed ligand discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 15; 97(17):9367-72. PMID: 10944209; PMCID: PMC16870.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    74. Weiss GA, Wells J, Sidhu SS. Mutational analysis of the major coat protein of M13 identifies residues that control protein display. Protein Sci. 2000 Apr; 9(4):647-54. PMID: 10794407; PMCID: PMC2144610.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    75. Sidhu SS, Weiss GA, Wells J. High copy display of large proteins on phage for functional selections. J Mol Biol. 2000 Feb 18; 296(2):487-95. PMID: 10669603.
      View in: PubMed
    76. DeLano WL, Ultsch MH, de Vos AM, Wells J. Convergent solutions to binding at a protein-protein interface. Science. 2000 Feb 18; 287(5456):1279-83. PMID: 10678837.
      View in: PubMed
    77. Sidhu SS, Lowman HB, Cunningham BC, Wells J. Phage display for selection of novel binding peptides. Methods Enzymol. 2000; 328:333-63. PMID: 11075354.
      View in: PubMed
    78. Wells J, Ouslander JG, Meadows E, Johnson VY. Urinary incontinence in a geriatric patient with a complex neurologic history. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 1999 Sep; 26(5):270-4; discussion 274-5. PMID: 10795211.
      View in: PubMed
    79. Atwell S, Wells J. Selection for improved subtiligases by phage display. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 17; 96(17):9497-502. PMID: 10449721; PMCID: PMC22237.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    80. Pearce KH, Cunningham BC, Fuh G, Teeri T, Wells J. Growth hormone binding affinity for its receptor surpasses the requirements for cellular activity. Biochemistry. 1999 Jan 05; 38(1):81-9. PMID: 9890885.
      View in: PubMed
    81. Fairbrother WJ, Christinger HW, Cochran AG, Fuh G, Keenan CJ, Quan C, Shriver SK, Tom JY, Wells J, Cunningham BC. Novel peptides selected to bind vascular endothelial growth factor target the receptor-binding site. Biochemistry. 1998 Dec 22; 37(51):17754-64. PMID: 9922141.
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    82. Arkin MR, Wells J. Probing the importance of second sphere residues in an esterolytic antibody by phage display. J Mol Biol. 1998 Dec 11; 284(4):1083-94. PMID: 9837728.
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    83. Ballinger MD, Wells J. Will any dimer do? Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Nov; 5(11):938-40. PMID: 9808034.
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    84. Ballinger MD, Jones JT, Lofgren JA, Fairbrother WJ, Akita RW, Sliwkowski MX, Wells J. Selection of heregulin variants having higher affinity for the ErbB3 receptor by monovalent phage display. J Biol Chem. 1998 May 08; 273(19):11675-84. PMID: 9565588.
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    85. Jones JT, Ballinger MD, Pisacane PI, Lofgren JA, Fitzpatrick VD, Fairbrother WJ, Wells J, Sliwkowski MX. Binding interaction of the heregulinbeta egf domain with ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors assessed by alanine scanning mutagenesis. J Biol Chem. 1998 May 08; 273(19):11667-74. PMID: 9565587.
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    86. Fuh G, Li B, Crowley C, Cunningham B, Wells J. Requirements for binding and signaling of the kinase domain receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem. 1998 May 01; 273(18):11197-204. PMID: 9556609.
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    87. Clackson T, Ultsch MH, Wells J, de Vos AM. Structural and functional analysis of the 1:1 growth hormone:receptor complex reveals the molecular basis for receptor affinity. J Mol Biol. 1998 Apr 17; 277(5):1111-28. PMID: 9571026.
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    88. Wells J, Karr D. Interface pressure, wound healing, and satisfaction in the evaluation of a non-powered fluid mattress. Ostomy Wound Manage. 1998 Feb; 44(2):38-42, 44-6, 48 passim. PMID: 9526420.
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    89. Ezra E, Wells J, Gray RH, Kinsella FM, Orr GM, Grego J, Arden GB, Gregor ZJ. Incidence of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes in fellow eyes. A 5-year prospective natural history study. Ophthalmology. 1998 Feb; 105(2):353-9. PMID: 9479299.
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    90. Eckstein M, Wells J, Aylward B, Gregor Z. Surgical removal of non-age-related subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes. Eye (Lond). 1998; 12 ( Pt 5):775-80. PMID: 10070507.
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    91. Wiesmann C, Fuh G, Christinger HW, Eigenbrot C, Wells J, de Vos AM. Crystal structure at 1.7 A resolution of VEGF in complex with domain 2 of the Flt-1 receptor. Cell. 1997 Nov 28; 91(5):695-704. PMID: 9393862.
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    92. Atwell S, Ultsch M, De Vos AM, Wells J. Structural plasticity in a remodeled protein-protein interface. Science. 1997 Nov 07; 278(5340):1125-8. PMID: 9353194.
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    93. Baca M, Scanlan TS, Stephenson RC, Wells J. Phage display of a catalytic antibody to optimize affinity for transition-state analog binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 16; 94(19):10063-8. PMID: 9294163; PMCID: PMC23305.
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    94. Starovasnik MA, Braisted AC, Wells J. Structural mimicry of a native protein by a minimized binding domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 16; 94(19):10080-5. PMID: 9294166; PMCID: PMC23311.
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    95. Scheidig AJ, Hynes TR, Pelletier LA, Wells J, Kossiakoff AA. Crystal structures of bovine chymotrypsin and trypsin complexed to the inhibitor domain of Alzheimer's amyloid beta-protein precursor (APPI) and basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI): engineering of inhibitors with altered specificities. Protein Sci. 1997 Sep; 6(9):1806-24. PMID: 9300481; PMCID: PMC2143802.
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    96. Pearce KH, Potts BJ, Presta LG, Bald LN, Fendly BM, Wells J. Mutational analysis of thrombopoietin for identification of receptor and neutralizing antibody sites. J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 15; 272(33):20595-602. PMID: 9252374.
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    97. Cunningham BC, Wells J. Minimized proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1997 Aug; 7(4):457-62. PMID: 9266165.
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    98. Kroodsma DE, Houlihan PW, Fallon PA, Wells J. Song development by grey catbirds Anim Behav. 1997 Aug; 54(2):457-64. PMID: 9268478.
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    99. Muller YA, Li B, Christinger HW, Wells J, Cunningham BC, de Vos AM. Vascular endothelial growth factor: crystal structure and functional mapping of the kinase domain receptor binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 08; 94(14):7192-7. PMID: 9207067; PMCID: PMC23789.
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    100. Atwell S, Ridgway JB, Wells J, Carter P. Stable heterodimers from remodeling the domain interface of a homodimer using a phage display library. J Mol Biol. 1997 Jul 04; 270(1):26-35. PMID: 9231898.
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    102. Braisted AC, Judice JK, Wells J. Synthesis of proteins by subtiligase. Methods Enzymol. 1997; 289:298-313. PMID: 9353727.
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    103. Ballinger MD, Tom J, Wells J. Furilisin: a variant of subtilisin BPN' engineered for cleaving tribasic substrates. Biochemistry. 1996 Oct 22; 35(42):13579-85. PMID: 8885837.
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    104. Clark R, Olson K, Fuh G, Marian M, Mortensen D, Teshima G, Chang S, Chu H, Mukku V, Canova-Davis E, Somers T, Cronin M, Winkler M, Wells J. Long-acting growth hormones produced by conjugation with polyethylene glycol. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 06; 271(36):21969-77. PMID: 8703002.
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    105. Pearce KH, Ultsch MH, Kelley RF, de Vos AM, Wells J. Structural and mutational analysis of affinity-inert contact residues at the growth hormone-receptor interface. Biochemistry. 1996 Aug 13; 35(32):10300-7. PMID: 8756685.
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    106. Wells J. Hormone mimicry. Science. 1996 Jul 26; 273(5274):449-50. PMID: 8677438.
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    108. Wells J, Murthy R, Chibber R, Nunn A, Molinatti PA, Kohner EM, Gregor ZJ. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are elevated in the vitreous of patients with subretinal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996 Apr; 80(4):363-6. PMID: 8703891; PMCID: PMC505466.
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    109. Wells J. Binding in the growth hormone receptor complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 09; 93(1):1-6. PMID: 8552582; PMCID: PMC40168.
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    110. Wells J, Gregor ZJ. Surgical treatment of full-thickness macular holes using autologous serum. Eye (Lond). 1996; 10 ( Pt 5):593-9. PMID: 8977788.
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    111. Wells J, de Vos AM. Hematopoietic receptor complexes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1996; 65:609-34. PMID: 8811191.
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    112. Li B, Tom JY, Oare D, Yen R, Fairbrother WJ, Wells J, Cunningham BC. Minimization of a polypeptide hormone. Science. 1995 Dec 08; 270(5242):1657-60. PMID: 7502074.
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    113. Goddard AD, Covello R, Luoh SM, Clackson T, Attie KM, Gesundheit N, Rundle AC, Wells J, Carlsson LM. Mutations of the growth hormone receptor in children with idiopathic short stature. The Growth Hormone Insensitivity Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995 Oct 26; 333(17):1093-8. PMID: 7565946.
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    114. Ballinger MD, Tom J, Wells J. Designing subtilisin BPN' to cleave substrates containing dibasic residues. Biochemistry. 1995 Oct 17; 34(41):13312-9. PMID: 7577915.
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    115. Wells J. Structural and functional epitopes in the growth hormone receptor complex. Biotechnology (N Y). 1995 Jul; 13(7):647-51. PMID: 9634801.
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    116. Fuh G, Wells J. Prolactin receptor antagonists that inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell lines. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 02; 270(22):13133-7. PMID: 7768908.
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    117. Sell RL, Wells J, Wypij D. The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: results of national population-based samples. Arch Sex Behav. 1995 Jun; 24(3):235-48. PMID: 7611844.
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    118. Clackson T, Wells J. A hot spot of binding energy in a hormone-receptor interface. Science. 1995 Jan 20; 267(5196):383-6. PMID: 7529940.
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    119. Chang TK, Jackson DY, Burnier JP, Wells J. Subtiligase: a tool for semisynthesis of proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 20; 91(26):12544-8. PMID: 7809074; PMCID: PMC45475.
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    120. Jin L, Wells J. Dissecting the energetics of an antibody-antigen interface by alanine shaving and molecular grafting. Protein Sci. 1994 Dec; 3(12):2351-7. PMID: 7538848; PMCID: PMC2142782.
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    121. Wells J. Readability of HIV/AIDS educational materials: the role of the medium of communication, target audience, and producer characteristics. Patient Educ Couns. 1994 Dec; 24(3):249-59. PMID: 7753718.
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    122. Wroblewski JJ, Wells J, Eckstein A, Fitzke FW, Jubb C, Keen TJ, Inglehearn CF, Bhattacharya SS, Arden GB, Jay MR, et al. Ocular findings associated with a 3 base pair deletion in the peripherin-RDS gene in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994 Nov; 78(11):831-6. PMID: 7848979; PMCID: PMC504967.
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    123. Jackson DY, Burnier J, Quan C, Stanley M, Tom J, Wells J. A designed peptide ligase for total synthesis of ribonuclease A with unnatural catalytic residues. Science. 1994 Oct 14; 266(5183):243-7. PMID: 7939659.
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    124. Matthews DJ, Wells J. Engineering an interfacial zinc site to increase hormone-receptor affinity. Chem Biol. 1994 Sep; 1(1):25-30. PMID: 9383367.
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    125. Holz FG, Wolfensberger TJ, Piguet B, Gross-Jendroska M, Wells J, Minassian DC, Chisholm IH, Bird AC. Bilateral macular drusen in age-related macular degeneration. Prognosis and risk factors. Ophthalmology. 1994 Sep; 101(9):1522-8. PMID: 8090455.
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    126. Matthews DJ, Goodman LJ, Gorman CM, Wells J. A survey of furin substrate specificity using substrate phage display. Protein Sci. 1994 Aug; 3(8):1197-205. PMID: 7987214; PMCID: PMC2142928.
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    127. Wells J, Doughty DB. Pouching principles and products. Ostomy Wound Manage. 1994 Jul-Aug; 40(6):50-8, 60-3. PMID: 7880372.
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    128. Ilondo MM, Damholt AB, Cunningham BA, Wells J, De Meyts P, Shymko RM. Receptor dimerization determines the effects of growth hormone in primary rat adipocytes and cultured human IM-9 lymphocytes. Endocrinology. 1994 Jun; 134(6):2397-403. PMID: 8194466.
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    129. Cunningham BC, Lowe DG, Li B, Bennett BD, Wells J. Production of an atrial natriuretic peptide variant that is specific for type A receptor. EMBO J. 1994 Jun 01; 13(11):2508-15. PMID: 8013451; PMCID: PMC395124.
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    130. Jamieson AC, Kim SH, Wells J. In vitro selection of zinc fingers with altered DNA-binding specificity. Biochemistry. 1994 May 17; 33(19):5689-95. PMID: 8180194.
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    131. Wells J, Fairbrother WJ, Otlewski J, Laskowski M, Burnier J. A reinvestigation of a synthetic peptide (TrPepz) designed to mimic trypsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 10; 91(10):4110-4. PMID: 8183880; PMCID: PMC43734.
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    132. Clackson T, Wells J. In vitro selection from protein and peptide libraries. Trends Biotechnol. 1994 May; 12(5):173-84. PMID: 7764900.
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    133. Baumann G, Lowman HB, Mercado M, Wells J. The stoichiometry of growth hormone-binding protein complexes in human plasma: comparison with cell surface receptors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 May; 78(5):1113-8. PMID: 8175967.
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    134. Whittemore R, Wells J, Castellsague X. A second-generation study of 427 probands with congenital heart defects and their 837 children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 May; 23(6):1459-67. PMID: 8176107.
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    135. Wells J, Ruscavage D, Parker B, McArthur L. Literacy of women attending family planning clinics in Virginia and reading levels of brochures on HIV prevention. Fam Plann Perspect. 1994 May-Jun; 26(3):113-5, 131. PMID: 8070547.
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    136. Wells J, Ellerine NP, Fernhoff PM, Waring GO. Corneal opacities in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda. Cornea. 1994 May; 13(3):280-3. PMID: 8033583.
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    137. Wells J. Structural and functional basis for hormone binding and receptor oligomerization. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1994 Apr; 6(2):163-73. PMID: 8024806.
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    138. Jin L, Cohen FE, Wells J. Structure from function: screening structural models with functional data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jan 04; 91(1):113-7. PMID: 7506411; PMCID: PMC42896.
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    139. Wroblewski JJ, Wells J, Eckstein A, Fitzke F, Jubb C, Keen TJ, Inglehearn C, Bhattacharya S, Arden GB, Jay M, et al. Macular dystrophy associated with mutations at codon 172 in the human retinal degeneration slow gene. Ophthalmology. 1994 Jan; 101(1):12-22. PMID: 8302543.
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    140. Lowman HB, Wells J. Affinity maturation of human growth hormone by monovalent phage display. J Mol Biol. 1993 Dec 05; 234(3):564-78. PMID: 8254660.
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    141. Cunningham BC, Wells J. Comparison of a structural and a functional epitope. J Mol Biol. 1993 Dec 05; 234(3):554-63. PMID: 7504735.
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    142. Feldman M, Ruan W, Cunningham BC, Wells J, Kleinberg DL. Evidence that the growth hormone receptor mediates differentiation and development of the mammary gland. Endocrinology. 1993 Oct; 133(4):1602-8. PMID: 8404600.
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    143. Piguet B, Wells J, Palmvang IB, Wormald R, Chisholm IH, Bird AC. Age-related Bruch's membrane change: a clinical study of the relative role of heredity and environment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993 Jul; 77(7):400-3. PMID: 8343465; PMCID: PMC504547.
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    144. Matthews DJ, Wells J. Substrate phage: selection of protease substrates by monovalent phage display. Science. 1993 May 21; 260(5111):1113-7. PMID: 8493554.
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    145. Fuh G, Colosi P, Wood WI, Wells J. Mechanism-based design of prolactin receptor antagonists. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 15; 268(8):5376-81. PMID: 8449901.
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    146. Wells J, Cunningham BC, Fuh G, Lowman HB, Bass SH, Mulkerrin MG, Ultsch M, deVos AM. The molecular basis for growth hormone-receptor interactions. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1993; 48:253-75. PMID: 8441850.
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    147. Wells J, de Vos AM. Structure and function of human growth hormone: implications for the hematopoietins. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1993; 22:329-51. PMID: 7688610.
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    148. Retchin SM, Wells J, Valleron AJ, Albrecht GL. Health behavior changes in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. J Gen Intern Med. 1992 Nov-Dec; 7(6):615-22. PMID: 1453245.
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    149. Weber JR, Nelson C, Cunningham BC, Wells J, Fong S. Immunodominant structures of human growth hormone identified by homolog-scanning mutagenesis. Mol Immunol. 1992 Sep; 29(9):1081-8. PMID: 1495498.
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    150. Braxton S, Wells J. Incorporation of a stabilizing Ca(2+)-binding loop into subtilisin BPN'. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 01; 31(34):7796-801. PMID: 1510966.
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    151. Jin L, Fendly BM, Wells J. High resolution functional analysis of antibody-antigen interactions. J Mol Biol. 1992 Aug 05; 226(3):851-65. PMID: 1380563.
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    152. Wells J, Lowman HB. Rapid evolution of peptide and protein binding properties in vitro. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 1992 Aug; 3(4):355-62. PMID: 1368436.
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    153. Kern M, Dolan PL, Mazzeo RS, Wells J, Dohm GL. Effect of aging and exercise on GLUT-4 glucose transporters in muscle. Am J Physiol. 1992 Aug; 263(2 Pt 1):E362-7. PMID: 1514619.
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    154. Laurier D, Guiguet M, Chau NP, Wells J, Valleron AJ. Prevalence of obesity: a comparative survey in France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Aug; 16(8):565-72. PMID: 1326486.
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    155. Fuh G, Cunningham BC, Fukunaga R, Nagata S, Goeddel DV, Wells J. Rational design of potent antagonists to the human growth hormone receptor. Science. 1992 Jun 19; 256(5064):1677-80. PMID: 1535167.
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    156. Fu YK, Arkins S, Fuh G, Cunningham BC, Wells J, Fong S, Cronin MJ, Dantzer R, Kelley KW. Growth hormone augments superoxide anion secretion of human neutrophils by binding to the prolactin receptor. J Clin Invest. 1992 Feb; 89(2):451-7. PMID: 1310696; PMCID: PMC442872.
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    157. Laurier D, Guiguet M, Chau NP, Wells J, Valleron AJ. [Prevalence of obesity in France]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1992; 40(5):365-7. PMID: 1480813.
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    158. Bechara SJ, Grossniklaus HE, Waring GO, Wells J. Keratoconus associated with posterior polymorphous dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991 Dec 15; 112(6):729-31. PMID: 1957913.
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    159. Lowman HB, Bass SH, Simpson N, Wells J. Selecting high-affinity binding proteins by monovalent phage display. Biochemistry. 1991 Nov 12; 30(45):10832-8. PMID: 1932005.
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    160. Cunningham BC, Ultsch M, De Vos AM, Mulkerrin MG, Clauser KR, Wells J. Dimerization of the extracellular domain of the human growth hormone receptor by a single hormone molecule. Science. 1991 Nov 08; 254(5033):821-5. PMID: 1948064.
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    161. Cunningham BC, Mulkerrin MG, Wells J. Dimerization of human growth hormone by zinc. Science. 1991 Aug 02; 253(5019):545-8. PMID: 1907025.
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    162. Guiguet M, Cohen M, Flahault A, Wells J, Valleron AJ. French intravenous drug users: knowledge and sexual behavior change. Eur J Epidemiol. 1991 Jul; 7(4):423-6. PMID: 1915793.
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    163. Braxton S, Wells J. The importance of a distal hydrogen bonding group in stabilizing the transition state in subtilisin BPN'. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 25; 266(18):11797-800. PMID: 1904870.
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    164. Carter P, Abrahmsén L, Wells J. Probing the mechanism and improving the rate of substrate-assisted catalysis in subtilisin BPN'. Biochemistry. 1991 Jun 25; 30(25):6142-8. PMID: 2059622.
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    165. Lowman HB, Cunningham BC, Wells J. Mutational analysis and protein engineering of receptor-binding determinants in human placental lactogen. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 15; 266(17):10982-8. PMID: 2040614.
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    166. Bass SH, Mulkerrin MG, Wells J. A systematic mutational analysis of hormone-binding determinants in the human growth hormone receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15; 88(10):4498-502. PMID: 2034689; PMCID: PMC51688.
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    167. Abrahmsén L, Tom J, Burnier J, Butcher KA, Kossiakoff A, Wells J. Engineering subtilisin and its substrates for efficient ligation of peptide bonds in aqueous solution. Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30; 30(17):4151-9. PMID: 2021606.
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    168. Cunningham BC, Wells J. Rational design of receptor-specific variants of human growth hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15; 88(8):3407-11. PMID: 2014261; PMCID: PMC51456.
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    169. Wells J. Systematic mutational analyses of protein-protein interfaces. Methods Enzymol. 1991; 202:390-411. PMID: 1723781.
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    170. Cunningham BC, Bass S, Fuh G, Wells J. Zinc mediation of the binding of human growth hormone to the human prolactin receptor. Science. 1990 Dec 21; 250(4988):1709-12. PMID: 2270485.
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    171. Wells J. Additivity of mutational effects in proteins. Biochemistry. 1990 Sep 18; 29(37):8509-17. PMID: 2271534.
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    172. Kern M, Wells J, Stephens JM, Elton CW, Friedman JE, Tapscott EB, Pekala PH, Dohm GL. Insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle is determined by glucose transporter (Glut4) protein level. Biochem J. 1990 Sep 01; 270(2):397-400. PMID: 2205203; PMCID: PMC1131735.
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    173. Casla A, Rovira A, Wells J, Dohm GL. Increased glucose transporter (GLUT4) protein expression in hyperthyroidism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Aug 31; 171(1):182-8. PMID: 2203344.
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    174. Ellerby LM, Escobar WA, Fink AL, Mitchinson C, Wells J. The role of lysine-234 in beta-lactamase catalysis probed by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 19; 29(24):5797-806. PMID: 1974463.
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    175. Cunningham BC, Henner DJ, Wells J. Engineering human prolactin to bind to the human growth hormone receptor. Science. 1990 Mar 23; 247(4949 Pt 1):1461-5. PMID: 2321008.
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    176. Fuh G, Mulkerrin MG, Bass S, McFarland N, Brochier M, Bourell JH, Light DR, Wells J. The human growth hormone receptor. Secretion from Escherichia coli and disulfide bonding pattern of the extracellular binding domain. J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 25; 265(6):3111-5. PMID: 2406245.
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    177. Contreras I, Dohm GL, Abdallah S, Wells J, Mooney N, Rovira A, Caro JF. The effect of fasting on the activation in vivo of the insulin receptor kinase. Biochem J. 1990 Feb 01; 265(3):887-90. PMID: 2407238; PMCID: PMC1133714.
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    178. Kesten S, Maleki-Yazdi R, Sanders BR, Wells J, McKillop SL, Chapman KR, Rebuck AS. Respiratory rate during acute asthma. Chest. 1990 Jan; 97(1):58-62. PMID: 2403901.
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    179. Zonana HV, Bartel RL, Wells J, Buchanan JA, Getz MA. Part II: Sex differences in persons found not guilty by reason of insanity: analysis of data from the Connecticut NGRI Registry. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1990; 18(2):129-42. PMID: 2372574.
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    180. Zonana HV, Wells J, Getz MA, Buchanan J. Part I: The NGRI Registry: initial analyses of data collected on Connecticut insanity acquittees. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1990; 18(2):115-28. PMID: 2372573.
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    181. Bass S, Greene R, Wells J. Hormone phage: an enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties. Proteins. 1990; 8(4):309-14. PMID: 1708882.
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    182. Carter P, Wells J. Functional interaction among catalytic residues in subtilisin BPN'. Proteins. 1990; 7(4):335-42. PMID: 2199971.
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    183. Wells J, Cunningham BC. Identification and design of binding determinants in proteins. Biochem Soc Symp. 1990; 57:143-5. PMID: 2099738.
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    184. Cunningham BC, Wells J. High-resolution epitope mapping of hGH-receptor interactions by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Science. 1989 Jun 02; 244(4908):1081-5. PMID: 2471267.
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    185. Mitchinson C, Wells J. Protein engineering of disulfide bonds in subtilisin BPN'. Biochemistry. 1989 May 30; 28(11):4807-15. PMID: 2504281.
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    186. Fushiki T, Wells J, Tapscott EB, Dohm GL. Changes in glucose transporters in muscle in response to exercise. Am J Physiol. 1989 May; 256(5 Pt 1):E580-7. PMID: 2655468.
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    187. Cunningham BC, Jhurani P, Ng P, Wells J. Receptor and antibody epitopes in human growth hormone identified by homolog-scanning mutagenesis. Science. 1989 Mar 10; 243(4896):1330-6. PMID: 2466339.
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    188. Carter P, Nilsson B, Burnier JP, Burdick D, Wells J. Engineering subtilisin BPN' for site-specific proteolysis. Proteins. 1989; 6(3):240-8. PMID: 2516317.
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    189. Dunlop BD, Wells J, Wilensky GR. The influence of source of insurance coverage on the health care utilization patterns of the elderly. J Health Hum Resour Adm. 1989; 11(3):285-311. PMID: 10303344.
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    190. Wells J, Estell DA. Subtilisin--an enzyme designed to be engineered. Trends Biochem Sci. 1988 Aug; 13(8):291-7. PMID: 3154281.
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    191. Carter P, Wells J. Dissecting the catalytic triad of a serine protease. Nature. 1988 Apr 07; 332(6164):564-8. PMID: 3282170.
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    192. Wells J, Zuercher A, Clinton J. GrantWatch. Foundation funding for AIDS education. Health Aff (Millwood). 1988; 7(5):146-58. PMID: 3229713.
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    193. Wells J, Cunningham BC, Graycar TP, Estell DA. Recruitment of substrate-specificity properties from one enzyme into a related one by protein engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug; 84(15):5167-71. PMID: 3299378; PMCID: PMC298815.
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    194. Cunningham BC, Wells J. Improvement in the alkaline stability of subtilisin using an efficient random mutagenesis and screening procedure. Protein Eng. 1987 Aug-Sep; 1(4):319-25. PMID: 3334089.
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    195. Carter P, Wells J. Engineering enzyme specificity by "substrate-assisted catalysis". Science. 1987 Jul 24; 237(4813):394-9. PMID: 3299704.
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    196. Pearson HA, Guiliotis DK, Rink L, Wells J. Patient age distribution in thalassemia major: changes from 1973 to 1985. Pediatrics. 1987 Jul; 80(1):53-7. PMID: 3601518.
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    197. Wells J, Powers DB, Bott RR, Graycar TP, Estell DA. Designing substrate specificity by protein engineering of electrostatic interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar; 84(5):1219-23. PMID: 3547407; PMCID: PMC304398.
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    198. Wells J, Cunningham BC, Graycar TP, Estell DA, Carter P. On the evolution of specificity and catalysis in subtilisin. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1987; 52:647-52. PMID: 3331349.
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    199. Wells J. Foundation funding for AIDS programs. Health Aff (Millwood). 1987; 6(3):113-23. PMID: 3679069.
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    200. Wells J, Smyth RJ, Rebuck AS. Thoracoabdominal motion in response to treadmill and cycle exercise. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Dec; 134(6):1125-8. PMID: 3098144.
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    201. Estell DA, Graycar TP, Miller JV, Powers DB, Wells J, Burnier JP, Ng PG. Probing steric and hydrophobic effects on enzyme-substrate interactions by protein engineering. Science. 1986 Aug 08; 233(4764):659-63. PMID: 17835820.
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    202. Wells J, Powers DB. In vivo formation and stability of engineered disulfide bonds in subtilisin. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 15; 261(14):6564-70. PMID: 3516996.
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    203. Power SD, Adams RM, Wells J. Secretion and autoproteolytic maturation of subtilisin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May; 83(10):3096-100. PMID: 3517850; PMCID: PMC323459.
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    204. Nakamaye KL, Wells J, Bridenbaugh RL, Okamoto Y, Yount RG. 2-[(4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]ethyl triphosphate, a novel chromophoric and photoaffinity analogue of ATP. Synthesis, characterization, and interaction with myosin subfragment 1. Biochemistry. 1985 Sep 10; 24(19):5226-35. PMID: 4074691.
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    205. Estell DA, Graycar TP, Wells J. Engineering an enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis to be resistant to chemical oxidation. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jun 10; 260(11):6518-21. PMID: 3922976.
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    206. Wells J, Vasser M, Powers DB. Cassette mutagenesis: an efficient method for generation of multiple mutations at defined sites. Gene. 1985; 34(2-3):315-23. PMID: 3891521.
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    207. Perkins WJ, Wells J, Yount RG. Characterization of the properties of ethenoadenosine nucleotides bound or trapped at the active site of myosin subfragment 1. Biochemistry. 1984 Aug 14; 23(17):3994-4002. PMID: 6237680.
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    208. Wells J, Swyryd EA, Stark GR. An improved method for purifying 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetases. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 25; 259(2):1363-70. PMID: 6693390.
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    209. Griffith MJ, Wells J. Awareness by consumers and the adoption of a new service: an HMO example. J Health Care Mark. 1984; 4(1):17-24. PMID: 10266249.
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    210. Wells J, Ferrari E, Henner DJ, Estell DA, Chen EY. Cloning, sequencing, and secretion of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin in Bacillus subtilis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 25; 11(22):7911-25. PMID: 6316278; PMCID: PMC326549.
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    211. Wells J, Zipp JF, Schuette PT, McEleney J. Musculoskeletal disorders among letter carriers. A comparison of weight carrying, walking & sedentary occupations. J Occup Med. 1983 Nov; 25(11):814-20. PMID: 6644392.
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    212. Dalbey RE, Wells J, Yount RG. Trapping of transition metal-nucleotide complexes in myosin subfragment 1 by cross-linking thiols; divalent transition metal probes of the active site. Biochemistry. 1983 Jan 18; 22(2):490-6. PMID: 6824640.
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    213. Wells J, Strickland DE. Physiogenic bias as invalidity in psychiatric symptom scales. J Health Soc Behav. 1982 Sep; 23(3):235-52. PMID: 7175160.
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    214. Wells J, Yount RG. Chemical modification of myosin by active-site trapping of metal-nucleotides with thiol crosslinking reagents. Methods Enzymol. 1982; 85 Pt B:93-116. PMID: 7121292.
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    215. Wells J, Knoeber C, Sheldon MC, Werber MM, Yount RG. Cross-linking of myosin subfragment 1. Nucleotide-enhanced modification by a variety of bifunctional reagents. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 10; 255(23):11135-40. PMID: 7440533.
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    216. Wells J, Werber MM, Yount RG. Mechanism of inactivation of myosin subfragment 1 by Co(III)phenATP. A reinvestigation. J Biol Chem. 1980 Aug 25; 255(16):7552-5. PMID: 6447149.
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    217. Wells J, Yount RG. Reaction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) with myosin subfragment one: evidence for formation of a single protein disulfide with trapping of metal nucleotide at the active site. Biochemistry. 1980 Apr 15; 19(8):1711-7. PMID: 6445748.
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    218. Wells J, Sheldon M, Yount RG. Magnesium nucleotide is stoichiometrically trapped at the active site of myosin and its active proteolytic fragments by thiol cross-linking reagents. J Biol Chem. 1980 Feb 25; 255(4):1598-602. PMID: 6444414.
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    219. Wells, J.A. and Yount, R.G. . "Reaction of 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) with myosin subfragment one: Evidence for formation of a single protein disulfide with trapping of metal nucleotide at the active site". Biochemistry. 1980; 19:1711-1717.
    220. Wells, J.A., Sheldon, M., and Yount, R.G. "Magnesium nucleotide is stoichiometrically trapped at the active site of myosin and its proteolytic subfragments by thiol cross-linking reagents". J. Biol. Chem. 1980; 255:1598-1602.
    221. Wells J, Werber MM, Yount RG. Inactivation of myosin subfragment one by cobalt(II)/cobalt(III) phenanthroline complexes. 2. Cobalt chelation of two critical SH groups. Biochemistry. 1979 Oct 30; 18(22):4800-5. PMID: 159719.
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    222. Wells J, Werber MM, Legg JI, Yount RG. Inactivation of myosin subfragment one by cobalt(II)/cobalt(III) phenanthroline complexes. I. Incorporation of Co(III) by in situ oxidation of Co(II). Biochemistry. 1979 Oct 30; 18(22):4793-9. PMID: 41570.
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    223. Wells J, Yount RG. Active site trapping of nucleotides by crosslinking two sulfhydryls in myosin subfragment 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct; 76(10):4966-70. PMID: 159451; PMCID: PMC413059.
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    224. House JS, McMichael AJ, Wells J, Kaplan BH, Landerman LR. Occupational stress and health among factory workers. J Health Soc Behav. 1979 Jun; 20(2):139-60. PMID: 479526.
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    225. Wells, J.A., Werber, M.M. and Yount, R.G. . "Inactivation of myosin subfragment one by cobalt (II)/cobalt (III) phenanthroline complexes. 1. Incorporation of Co(III) by in situ oxidation of Co(II)". Biochemistry. 1979; 18:4793-4799. .
    226. Wells, J.A., Werber, M.M., Legg, J.I., and Yount, R.G. . "Inactivation of myosin subfragment one by cobalt (II)/cobalt (III) phenanthroline complexes. 2. Cobalt chelation of two critical SH groups". Biochemistry. 1979; 18:4800-4805.
    227. Wells, J.A. and Yount, R.G. . "Active site trapping of nucleotides by crosslinking two sulfhydryls in myosin sub-fragment 1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1979; 76:4966-4970.
    228. Fisher JC, Wells J, Fulwider BT, Edgerton MT. Do we need a burn severity grading system. J Trauma. 1977 Mar; 17(3):252-5. PMID: 850285.
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    229. Wells J. Issues in specialty certification. ANA Publ. 1975; (PMH-2):6-14. PMID: 1045880.
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